The Foramina of the Cervical Vertebrae of the Ox

All the macroscopically visible foramina of the atlas and axis in 20 oxen are examined and their size, incidence and connections described. The atlas possesses a canal connecting the atlantal fossa with the vertebral foramen. It is suggested that it be named “Canalis vertebroalaris”. The axis contains a prominent transverse canal rather than a foramen, with “cranial” and “caudal transverse foramina”. The canal occurs in an atypical location in 25 % of cases.     

牛病毒性腹泻-牛传染性鼻气管炎多价二联蜂胶灭活苗的研究

牛病毒性腹泻、牛传染性鼻气管炎是牛的主要传染病,采用我所分离的地方毒株,以蜂胶为免疫佐剂制成多价二联灭活苗,经免疫及攻毒试验、二联灭活苗保护率的中间试验等实验,表明该苗对牛的保护性良好。     

The Arterial Supply to the Ileum, Cecum and Proximal Loop of the Ascending Colon in the Ox*

This study describes in detail the arteries supplying the ileum, cecum and proximal loop of the ascending colon in the ox important to the veterinary surgeon treating disorders of these segments of the intestinal tract. The ileum was vascularized by the mesenteric ileal artery (from the ileocolic), the first ileal artery (from the cranial mesenteric) and by the ileal branches of the cecal artery which, by means of their anastomoses, form a row of antimesenteric arches in the ileal part of the ileocecal fold. The termination of the ileum was also supplied by twigs from the ileocecocolic arch. The ileum appears to be the most vascular part of the small intestine. The cecum was supplied mainly by the cecal branches of the cecal artery. The proximal end of the cecum was also vascularized by branches from the ileocecocolic arch. The proximal loop of the colon was vascularized by the three colic branches of the ileocolic. The first colic branch supplied the third part of the loop, the second colic branch supplied the first and the second parts of the loop and the third colic branch supplied the first part and, together with the first cecal branch of the cecal artery, formed the ileocecocolic arch at the dorsolateral surface of the ileocecocolic junction. The terminal branches of the arteries to the ileum, cecum and proximal loop of the colon detached lateral branches in the tunica muscularis which anastomosed with similar branches from neighboring arteries in an arcuate manner in the tunica submucosa. The terminal branches from both sides terminated in the free border, releasing branches which anastomosed with each other in the tunica submucosa. The colic lymph nodes were supplied by the colic branches of the ileocolic artery, die two largest nodes being perforated by some of the branches of the first two colic branches. The ileal lymph nodes were supplied by the ileal arteries of the cranial mesenteric. They were also perforated by these arteries. Cecal lymph nodes were seen only in the specimen from the calf. They were much smaller than the colic and ileal nodes and were supplied by the first two or three cecal branches of the cecal artery and also by twigs arising directly from the cecal artery.     

Variations of the Dorsal Intercostal Arteries in the Ox (Bos taurus)

This paper describes the origin of the dorsal intercostal arteries of 24 young male and female Zebu cattle in Costa Rica. Percentages of the various patterns are given. Their possible significance is given.     

一例黄牛慢性氟中毒的诊治

慢性氟中毒是高氟土壤和氟污染区域造成的一种人畜慢性中毒性疾病.各种动物对氟化物均易感,但以牛最为易感,各种家畜均有患病,呈慢性经过,以牙齿的损害和骨骼的变性为特征.     

Mm. scaleni of the Ox (Bos taurus L)*)

The Mm. scaleni of 20 bovine cadavers were dissected and their attachments and nerve supply are described and illustrated. The literature is reviewed and the principles of subdividing the muscles are discussed. The emerging roots of the brachial plexus rather than the axillary vessels are taken as the dividing line between the middle and ventral scalene muscles. This principle can also be applied to the other domesticated species. Fascicles formerly described as M. iliocostalis cervicis are grouped with the M. scalenus medius as its Pars superficialis on the ground of their nerve supply. The scalene muscles are innervated by the ventral branches of spinal nerves C4—T2. The subdivisions and innervation in the ox are as follows: 1. M. scalenus dorsalis, C5—T2. 2. M. scalenus medius: Pars superficialis, C4—C8; Pars profunda, C8. 3. M. scalenus ventralis, C4—T2.     

The Foramina of the Cervical Vertebrae of the Ox Part II: Cervical Vertebrae 3–7

The position, size and connections of all the macroscopically visible foramina of Cervical vertebrae 3–7 in 20 oxen are described. The nomen-clature of various structures is discussed. A definite pattern evolves, indicating vascular pathways, regions where bloodvessels can be expected to enter or leave, the size of vessels involved and age differences. In regard to the latter there seems to be two opposing patterns: on the external surface foramina seem to increase in size and distribution with increasing age; on the internal surface (including that of the “transverse canal”) the opposite pattern prevails.     

Contagious Ecthyma (ORF) In The Musk Ox (Ovibos Moschatus)

In 1969 25 musk ox calves were captured in Greenland and brought to Norway. The animals were kept on a farm at Bardu in the northern part of the country. In this herd a serious outbreak of contagious ecthyma occurred. This disease has quite recently been observed in musk ox also in Alaska (White, personal communication 1978).     

牛几种前胃疾病的诊治

牛胃肠道散发疾病中,前胃(瘤胃、网胃和瓣胃)的疾病具有特殊的意义,前胃疾病较皱胃(真胃)和肠的疾病常见,并能显著的影响动物的生产力,治疗不及时会转向慢性疾病,而在个别病例中会直接威胁动物的生命。1前胃弛缓前胃弛缓是前胃的疾病中最常见的一种,主要是由于前胃的神经肌肉的     

牛肝中氯舒隆残留检测高效液相色谱-串联质谱法研究

研究了采用固相萃取净化,高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)法测定牛肝中氯舒隆残留量的方法.样品用乙腈提取,HLB固相萃取小柱净化后,HPLC-MS/MS方法检测.离子源采用电喷雾负离子方式(ESI-),多反应监测(MRM)模式进行采集,外标法定量.结果表明:方法检测限为2 μg/kg,定量限为5 μg/kg.在5、20、100 μg/kg三个添加浓度范围内,方法的平均回收率为86.6%～93.5%;方法RSD≤6.8%.     

功能性蛋白短肽的蛋白酶法生产研究

随着动物营养科学在蛋白质与氨基酸领域科学研究的不断进展,蛋白短肽作为一种生物活性物质的诸多功能日益被人们所认识。完全可以预见。在不久的将来,活性蛋白短肽在动物营养与动物领域中会表现出更大的作用。将改变对饲料蛋白质质量的评价体系。     

功能性低聚糖在饲料工业中的应用

本文就目前应用较广的大豆低聚糖，低聚果糖，低聚麦芽糖和低聚甘露糖等功能性低聚糖的作用机理以及在饲料中应用的研究进展等方面进行了综述。     

功能基因组学的研究方法

基因组学研究已经由以全基因组测序为目标的结构基因组学转向以基因功能鉴定为目标的功能基因组学研究。作者综述了功能基因组学的内容、主要的新方法和新技术，如SAGE、ESTs、SSH、微阵列、生物信息学、RNAi等，并对其发展进行了简单展望。     

The Functional Role of Oxytocin in the Induction of Oocyte Meiotic Resumption in Cattle

The aim of the present study was to examine the role of oxytocin (OT) in the progesterone (P4) and prostaglandins (PGs) pathway to induce oocyte meiotic resumption. Cumulus–oocyte complexes were co‐cultured with follicular hemisections for 15 h to determine the effects of different doses of OT or atosiban (ATO; oxytocin receptor antagonist) on oocyte meiotic resumption. In another experiment, we examined the effect of the interaction between P4, OT and PGs on the regulatory cascade of the oocyte meiotic resumption. Oxytocin at 1 μm was effective in inducing meiotic resumption in oocytes co‐cultured with follicular cells (84.0%), not differing from the positive control group (74.4%). Atosiban inhibited in a dose‐dependent manner the positive effect of OT on the meiotic resumption (27.6% metaphase I with 10 μm of ATO, which did not differ from the 25.5% of the negative control group). Furthermore, a third experiment showed that P4 was able to induce oocyte meiotic resumption, which was inhibited by ATO. However, the OT positive effect was not blocked by mifepristone (P4 antagonist), but was inhibited by indomethacin (a non‐selective PTGS2 inhibitor). Collectively, these data suggest a sequential role of P4, OT and PGs in the induction of oocyte meiotic resumption.     

放牧干扰对喀纳斯草地植物功能群及群落结构的影响

在确定喀纳斯景区草甸群落放牧干扰梯度的基础上,研究放牧干扰下草甸群落的功能群多样性和群落结构,利用功能群重要值、功能群丰富度、功能群和群落生物量变异系数、群落结构变异系数及群落生态优势度指数,比较分析了不同干扰强度阶段功能群组成结构和群落结构的变化。结果表明:随着放牧干扰强度的增加,群落优势功能群多年生杂类草逐渐被多年生丛生禾草和一二年生杂草所取代,多年生根茎禾草与豆科牧草等不耐践踏和采食的功能群逐渐消失,功能群多样性显著降低,不合理的放牧干扰显著降低了群落稳定性。     

The Microscopic Structure of the Omentum in Healthy Dogs: The Mystery Unravelled

The canine omentum has many valuable properties but is still an underestimated organ. It contributes in many ways to the protection of the peritoneal cavity through its versatility on immunological level, but also through its role during angiogenesis, absorption, adhesion and fat storage. Despite a wide range of applications, the basic structure of the omentum is not well documented. This study provides an insight in the microscopic structure of the canine omentum through both light microscopic and electron microscopic investigations. Two regions could be distinguished in the canine omentum: translucent and adipose‐rich regions. The translucent regions were composed of two different layers: a continuous flattened mesothelium on top of a submesothelial connective tissue matrix. The adipose‐rich regions consisted of a substantial layer of adipocytes on which a flattened continuous mesothelium was present. Between those two layers, a few strands of collagen fibres could be detected. Large aggregates of immune cells, the so‐called milky spots, were not observed in the omentum of healthy dogs. Only a limited number of leucocytes, macrophages and neutrophils were found, scattered throughout the connective tissue in the translucent regions. At the level of the adipose‐rich regions, the immunological population was virtually non‐existent.     

The Structure of the Water-Holding Feathers of the Namaqua Sandgrouse

The morphology and fine structure of the feather barbules of the Namaqua Sandgrouse Pterocles namaqua are investigated histologically and experimentally by means of light microscopy, scanning electron micrography and X-ray diffraction. Proximally the barbule is helically coiled for three and a half turns and has a kidney-shaped, concave/convex transverse section. The inner concave surface is pitted, the outer convex surface smooth. The barbule is solid, consisting of three layers, and bears a number of appendages at its distal end, where it is more rounded in transverse section. The uncoiling of barbules from the abdominal feathers on contact with water may be initiated by water uptake and further facilitated by the number of helical coils at the base of the barbules. The keratin is fairly crystalline when dry. This crystallinity is somewhat reduced on wetting. The uncoiling mechanism is related to the expansion of the polypeptide chains of β-keratin in order to accommodate additional water bound to the side chains.