长大二元杂种母猪泌乳性能的研究

从 5 6头长大二元杂种母猪群中选择系谱记录清楚 ,分娩时间相近 ,体型较好 ,体质健康 ,带仔数 9～ 1 1头的经产母猪 5头进行泌乳性能的观测研究 ,结果表明 ,二元杂种母猪在 35天的哺乳期内 ,日平均放乳次数 2 1 2 3次 ,日泌乳量 5 2 1kg ,全期泌乳总量 1 82 2 5kg。     

长大二元杂种母猪泌乳性能的观察

从26头长大二元杂种母猪群中选择系谱记录清楚，分娩时间相近，体型较好、体质健康带仔数10-12头的经产母猪15头进行沁乳性能的观察测定。结果表明，二元杂种母猪在35d的哺乳期内，日平均放乳次数21次，日沁乳量8.142kg，全期沁乳量284.96kg.     

长大二元杂种母猪泌乳性能的观察

从26头长大二元杂种母猪群中选择系谱记录清楚,分娩时间相近,体型较好,体质健康带仔数10-12头的经产母猪15头进行泌乳性能的观察测定。结果表明,二元杂种母猪在35d的哺乳期内,日平均放乳次数21次,日泌乳量8.142kg,全期泌乳量284.96kg。     

“皮梅”与“大梅”二元母猪初产繁殖性能比较

为了适应农业产业结构调整 ,提高全县农民的养猪效益 ,满足市场对高品质商品肉猪的需求 ,充分开发利用本地资源———梅山母猪。 90年代初 ,我们根据省农林厅要求 ,积极推广“长×大梅”三元杂交猪生产 ,取得了一定的成效。 1 998年我们与上海农科院合作 ,建立了以马塘镇农业科技示范园区为中心的“皮梅、大梅”二元母猪生产基地 ,同时我们从 1 999年 1 0月开始对二元母猪生产基地的部分农户饲养的后备皮梅、大梅二元母猪的受胎率、产仔数情况进行了跟踪试验。1　材料与方法1 .1　试验内容取材于我县部分二元母猪饲养乡镇 ,1 999年 1 0月至 …     

杜洛克母猪乳中常规成分含量测定

此试验选用杜洛克母猪作为研究对象．对其分娩后5d内及第20d的乳中蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖含量进行删定。结果表明．随时间延长乳中蛋白质含量呈下降趋蛰．乳糖含量呈上升趋势，脂肪含量1～5d升高而5～20d下降。     

抗热应激添加剂对泌乳水牛泌乳性能及乳成分的影响

用有机铬、无机盐以及烟酸3类抗热应激添加剂饲喂泌乳水牛,检验其能否提高炎热夏季泌乳水牛产奶量,缓解高温高湿对泌乳水牛泌乳性能的影响.结果表明:3类添加剂都能明显提高试验期泌乳水牛的产奶量,其中有机铬组提高23.49%,无机盐组提高17.10%,烟酸组提高29.26%;同时,烟酸显著提高了水牛奶中乳脂、乳蛋白、乳糖和非乳脂固形物的含量(P＜0.05);泌乳水牛的直肠温度和呼吸频率在正常范围内,表明泌乳水牛并未表现明显的热应激反应.高温高温天气会对泌乳水牛产奶量造成负面影响,添加抗热应激添加剂能提高产奶量.     

杜民与长民母猪泌乳性能比较

为研究杜洛克和长白猪与民猪的杂交效果,试验对14头杜民母猪及11头长民母猪整个哺乳期内乳中营养成分(乳蛋白、乳糖、乳脂肪和干物质)和泌乳量进行测定,分析两种母猪泌乳性能的差异。结果表明:杜民与长民母猪间哺乳期内各时间点乳中各种营养成分含量均差异不显著(P0.05)。初乳中乳蛋白和干物质含量处在较高的水平,同时乳脂肪和乳糖含量低于常乳;乳中各营养成分在7 d后基本保持不变;长民母猪哺乳期平均单日泌乳量显著高于杜民母猪(P0.05)。说明长民母猪具有更好的泌乳性能。     

中国荷斯坦牛泌乳早期乳常规成分变化规律的研究

初乳(Colostrum)是指母牛产犊后几天内产的乳．我国规定奶牛生产后一周内排出的乳为初。由于初乳酸度较高，加热时容易凝固，所以不能用于加工。但由于初乳中干物质、脂肪及蛋白质含量较高，特别是免疫球蛋白(1gG)含量较高，同时，还含有各种抗菌因子(如溶菌酶、过氧化物酶、乳铁蛋白等1、生长因子及其他生理活性物质(α2——巨球蛋白、胃动素、血凝乳酶等)，     

日粮能量对滇陆初产母猪泌乳及乳成分的影响

将30头滇陆后备母猪随机分为3组,每组10头,单栏限位饲养,在妊娠前期(配种0~85d)、妊娠后期(配种85~112d)和哺乳期3个阶段分别饲以3种不同能量的日粮。试验结果表明,日粮中的能量可影响乳成分中各种物质的分泌峰值的到达时间,提高母猪妊娠期日粮中的能量浓度和母猪泌乳量。常乳中免疫球蛋白含量不会随泌乳时间的延长而呈现有规律的变化,总不断地波动,IgG约占血清中所有免疫球蛋白的80%。     

胎次对杜洛克、长白和大白母猪繁殖性能的影响

为了研究胎次对杜洛克、长白和大白母猪繁殖性能的影响,根据江苏省某国家级生猪核心育种场2009-2011年出生的繁殖母猪资料,分别选取128头杜洛克、681头长白和610头大白母猪共7280窝生产数据,统计分析不同胎次母猪的总产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数、初生窝重及校正21日龄窝重。此外,依据胎次将母猪分为3个繁殖阶段（1～2胎、3～6胎及7～8胎）来探究品种差异对母猪繁殖性能的影响。结果表明：胎次对母猪繁殖性能有显著影响（P<0.05）,母猪1～4胎的总产仔数、产活仔数、断奶仔猪数及初生窝重随胎次呈增加趋势,第4胎达到高峰,且显著高于其他胎次（P<0.05）;3～6胎繁殖性能较好,7胎之后出现迅速下降趋势;除在第4胎略有下降外,其他胎次的校正21日龄窝重随胎次递增。品种对母猪繁殖性能的影响显著（P<0.05）,长白和大白母猪的繁殖性能均极显著高于杜洛克母猪（P<0.01）;长白母猪的产活仔数和校正21日龄窝重显著高于大白母猪（P<0.05）,2个品种其他繁殖性能无显著差异（P＞0.05）。综上所述,杜洛克、长白和大白母猪的最佳繁殖胎次为3～6胎,长白猪的繁殖性能总体上优于大白猪,就本试验所在的育种场而言,长白猪可能更适合作为二元母猪生产中的母本。     

Reproductive Performance of Purebred Swedish Landrace and Swedish Yorkshire Sows: II. Effect of Mating Type,Weaning-to-first-service Interval and Lactation Length

The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate the effect of mating type [natural mating (NM) versus artificial insemination (AI)], weaning-to-first-service interval (WSI) and lactation length on some reproductive traits of purebred Swedish Landrace (L) and Swedish Yorkshire (Y) sows. Data analysed comprised farrowings during the period 1994-1997 from 19 Swedish nucleus herds and included 20 275 litters from 6989 purebred sows (3598 L and 3391 Y). Analysis of variance was used for the statistical analysis of quantitative data. Logistic regression analysis was applied for binary data using the GLIMMIX macro in the SAS program. The response variables analysed were litter size, WSI, farrowing rate and remating rate. Explanatory variables included in the analyses were mating type, lactation length, sow breed, boar breed, parity, herd-year combination within breed and month of the year. The effect of WSI on subsequent fertility performance (i.e. litter size, farrowing rate and remating rate) was also analysed. Compared with AI, NM resulted in significantly larger litters (0.2 total born per litter; P<0.001; 0.3 born alive per litter; P<0.001), and lower remating rate (1.6%-units; P<0.01). The difference between NM and AI varied according to sow breed, parity number and month of the year. Subsequent litter sizes decreased by about one piglet when WSI increased from 4 to 10 days. Thereafter, litter size increased as the WSI increased from 10 to 20 days. Farrowing rate decreased gradually when WSI increased from 4 to 7 days, but an increase in WSI from day 9 to day 20 resulted in an increase in farrowing rate. A longer lactation period led to a shorter WSI and a larger subsequent litter size for both breeds.     

Reproductive Performance of Purebred Swedish Landrace and Swedish Yorkshire Sows: I. Seasonal Variation and Parity Influence

The objective of this retrospective study was to investigate the causes of variation in the reproductive performance of purebred Swedish Landrace (L) and Swedish Yorkshire (Y) sows. Data analysed comprised farrowings from 1994 through 1997 from 19 Swedish nucleus herds and included 20 275 litters from 6989 purebred sows (3598 L and 3491 Y). The main traits analysed were litter size, weaning-to-first-service interval (WSI), farrowing rate, remating rate and age at first farrowing. Analysis of variance was used for the statistical analysis of quantitative data. Logistic regression analysis was applied for binary data using the GLIMMIX macro in the SAS program. Factors included in the analyses were breed of sow, breed of boar, parity number, herd-year combination within breed, mating type (natural mating or artificial insemination), lactation length and month of the year. L sows, compared with Y sows, produced larger litters [11.61 vs 11.54 total born/litter (ns) and 10.94 vs 10.58 born alive/litter (P<0.001)] and had a longer WSI (5.5 vs 5.4 days, P<0.001), a higher farrowing rate (82.8 vs 80.9% units, P<0.05) and a lower remating rate (6.2 vs 8.8% units, P<0.001). On average, L sows were younger at first farrowing than Y sows (355.6 vs 368.6 days, P<0.001). The seasonal influence on WSI was greater for primiparous sows than for multiparous sows. Primiparous sows weaned from June to October had a longer WSI than those weaned from January to May or in November (P<0.05). Mating in August resulted in the lowest farrowing rate and the highest remating rate. The seasonal influence on farrowing rate and WSI was more pronounced in Y sows than in L sows. However, season had no significant influence on litter size in either L or Y sows.     

FUT1基因对大长杂交母猪产仔数的影响

利用PCR-RFLP技术检测了118头大长杂交母猪FUT1基因多态性,分析了FUT1基因与产仔数的关系.FUT1基因AA、AG、GG基因型频率分别为0.11,0.37,0.52.FUT1三种基因型母猪在总产仔数和产活仔数方面都无显著差异(P＞0.05).     

皖南花猪泌乳力的研究

抽选２～９胎次的皖南花哺乳母猪６头,每头母猪带仔１０～１４头,有效乳头数７对。试验母猪日粮含ＤＥ１１．７２ＭＪ／ｋｇ和ＣＰ１２％,取日粮２．５～３．０千克,按１２与青绿多汁饲料混合打匀投喂。供试母猪自分娩开始,每５天进行一次泌乳量测定,直到产后泌乳５０天。利用线性模型校正不同胎次和带仔数的泌乳量,再采用一元高次方程进行泌乳曲线分析。结果表明,皖南花猪泌乳高峰期在分娩后的第１０～１５天,其间平均泌乳量为５．６６～５．９１ｋｇ／天,分娩后的第３５天泌乳量为３．７ｋｇ／天。不同乳头的泌乳量为第１、２和３号乳头最高,平均每个单乳头泌乳３８０～３８５ｇ／天,向后乳头的泌乳量呈下降趋势,第７号乳头泌乳量为３００．５ｇ／天。不同泌乳阶段表现出明显的节律性,泌乳曲线方程的拟合度均在０．９０以上。     

过瘤胃葡萄糖对泌乳早期奶牛产奶量和乳汁成分的影响

选取产后10～15d,年龄、胎次、产奶量相近,年产奶量大于6t的荷斯坦奶牛24头,随机分为4组,每组各6头.Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中每头每天添加200,300和400g过瘤胃葡萄糖,Ⅳ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮.过瘤胃葡萄糖分早、晚2次混于精料中,任其自由采食,饲喂期20d.通过对试验奶牛在饲喂前、饲喂后10d和20d的产奶量、乳汁成分的分析.结果显示,与对照组比较,Ⅰ组产奶量极显著升高(P<0.01);乳脂肪、乳蛋白、乳糖水平均不显著(P>0.05).表明过瘤胃葡萄糖能提高奶牛泌乳性能.     

Effects of Feeding Level During Lactation on FSH and LH Secretion Patterns, and Follicular Development in Primiparous Sows

In the primiparous lactating sow undernutrition affects LH, but the effect on FSH is less clear. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ad libitum (AL; n = 5) and restricted (RE; 70% of the AL feed; n = 5) feeding on the secretion patterns of FSH and LH, and on follicular development in primiparous lactating sows. Body side fat thickness (BSFT) was measured prior to farrowing and at weaning on day 21 postpartum (pp). Sows had an intravenous catheter fitted on day 6 or 7 pp. Blood samples were taken on days 12, 15 and 18 pp, every 15 min starting at 0700 h for 11 h, and plasma analysed for FSH and LH by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Daily transcutaneous ultrasonography of the ovaries was performed between days 10 and 20 pp to monitor follicular growth. Reduction in BSFT was higher in RE than in AL sows (p < 0.05). Mean and basal LH were significantly higher in AL than in RE sows on days 12 and 15 pp. (p < 0.05), and LH pulse frequency tended to be higher (p < 0.1). Mean FSH was higher in AL than in RE sows on days 15 and 18 (p < 0.05), and had a tendency to be higher on day 12 (p = 0.1). Follicle size increased in AL sows between days 10 and 20 of lactation (p < 0.05; r = 0.71), but remained unaffected in RE sows. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that feed restriction of primiparous sows during lactation affects not only LH, but also FSH, as well as lactational follicular growth. An association between those events is suggested.     

膨化菜籽对哺乳母猪生产性能的影响

为研究夏季热应激情况下使用全脂膨化菜籽配制哺乳母猪饲粮对其生产性能的影响,选择妊娠107 d不同胎次的长大母猪30头,采用随机区组设计分为3组,每组10头母猪,分别接受3种饲粮处理：即试验1组（5.63%膨化菜籽）、试验2组（9%膨化菜籽）、对照组（2%猪油＋5%膨化大豆）。结果表明,母猪哺乳期第18至第22天日采食量,试验1组和试验2组分别比对照组提高0.90和0.38 kg;哺乳期第18至第22天日采食量峰值,试验1组和试验2组分别比对照组提高0.64和0.23 kg;日采食量达到峰值后下降速度,试验1组和试验2组分别比对照组低50%和42.5%。试验1组、试验2组和对照组母猪失重率均较小,分别为3.10%、5.90%、4.63%;母猪断奶后1周内全部发情。哺乳仔猪窝增重,试验1组和试验2组分别比对照组提高0.65、0.75 kg。哺乳仔猪18日龄以前没有出现腹泻,19～22日龄出现轻微腹泻,且腹泻率很低。乳品质,试验1组和试验2组优于对照组;血液生理生化指标,3组均在正常范围内。说明使用全脂膨化菜籽配制的哺乳母猪饲粮适口性好,能显著增加热应激情况下哺乳母猪的采食量,改善乳品质,提高其生产性能,效果优于添加猪油＋膨化大豆的饲粮。     

二元和三元后备母猪批次化生产技术应用效果分析

本试验于2018年5~10月在天津某猪场对二元(长×大)和三元(杜×长×大)后备母猪应用批次化生产技术后的静立率、淘汰率、妊娠率和窝产仔数等繁殖力指标进行了统计分析。试验分为常温(5—7月)和高温(8—10月)两个阶段,每批参与试验的二元和三元母猪均大于30头。结果表明:在常温季节,三元后备母猪在静立率、妊娠率和总体妊娠率等方面与二元后备母猪无显著性差异(P>0.05);而在高温季节,三元后备母猪的静立率、妊娠率和总体妊娠率等方面均显著低于二元后备母猪(P<0.05)。相对于常温季节,高温季节里二元和三元母猪的妊娠率和总体妊娠率均显著降低,但在静立率方面只有三元母猪显著降低(P<0.05)。不论是在高温季节还是在常温季节,三元后备母猪的窝产仔数和窝均产仔数均显著低于二元后备母猪,而淘汰率却显著高于二元后备母猪(P<0.05)。结论:在常温季节,三元母猪静立率和妊娠率均与二元母猪差异不显著;但在高温季节三元母猪静立率和妊娠率均显著低于二元母猪;不论是高温还是常温季节,三元母猪的窝产仔数都显著低于二元母猪,而淘汰率显著高于二元母猪。     

The Post‐Cervical Insemination does not Impair the Reproductive Performance of Primiparous Sows

The study evaluated the reproductive performance of primiparous sows submitted to post‐cervical insemination (PCAI) compared with cervical artificial insemination (CAI). Difficulty with catheter introduction, the occurrence of bleeding or semen backflow during insemination, and volume and sperm cell backflow up to 60 min after insemination were also evaluated. Sows were homogenously distributed, according to body weight loss in lactation, lactation length, weaned piglets, weaning‐to‐oestrus interval and total born in previous farrowing, in two treatments: PCAI (n = 165) with 1.5 × 10⁹ sperm cells in 45 ml (2.4 ± 0.04 doses per sow) and CAI (n = 165) with 3 × 10⁹ sperm cells in 90 ml (2.5 ± 0.04 doses per sow). During PCAI, sows were inseminated in the absence of boars. Transabdominal real‐time ultrasonography was performed at oestrus onset, immediately before the first insemination and at 24 h after last insemination. There was no difference (P > 0.05) between treatments in farrowing rate (91.5% × 89.1%) and litter size (12.5 × 11.9 piglets born, respectively for PCAI and CAI sows). Successful passage of the intrauterine catheter in all the inseminations was possible in 86.8% (165/190) of sows initially allocated to PCAI treatment. Difficulty of introducing the catheter in at least one insemination did not affect the reproductive performance of PCAI sows (P > 0.05). Bleeding during insemination did not affect (P > 0.05) the farrowing rate in both treatments, but litter size was reduced in CAI and PCAI sows (P ≤ 0.06). Percentage of spermatozoa present in backflow within 1 h after insemination was greater in CAI than PCAI sows (P < 0.01). More than 85% of primiparous sows can be successfully post‐cervical inseminated with doses containing 1.5 × 10⁹ sperm cells in the absence of the boar during insemination without impairing the reproductive performance.