竹产业期待大发展

中国素有“竹子王国”的美誉,无论是《诗经》中的“秩秩斯卡,幽幽南山”,或是苏东坡的“宁可食无肉,不可居无竹”的诗句中,都不难发现中国源远流长的竹文化痕迹。作为世界上竹类资源最丰富的国家,中国有40多属500多种竹类,竹林种类、面积和蓄积量均居世界前列。     

玻利维亚的竹文化

玻利维亚是重视文化的国家,将竹子融于文化不仅能有效地提高人们的生活质量,还可以解决很多设计、居所和社区的问题。它的成本低,还整合了很多文化元素。玻利维亚的艺术家将艺术手段,特别是“艺术构思”运用于竹子生产过程当中,让艺术服务     

Research on bamboo

Summary Bamboo plays an essential role in the daily life of millions of people in subtropical and tropical regions. Increased research during the recent years has contributed considerably to the understanding of these important arborescent grasses as well as to an improved processing for wider uses. The treatise gives an overview on aspects of biology, properties and utilization of bamboos with emphasis on further research directions.The Academy lecture presented on September 9, 1986 at Ljubljana, Yugoslavia, to Fellows of the International Academy of Wood Science and participants of the XVIIIth IUFRO World Congress     

杂交竹枯萎病研究

杂交竹枯萎病是近几年在广西高峰林场、三门江林场、柳州市的鹧鸪江园艺场等地发现的新病害。经多次分离培养获得镰刀菌Fusarium纯培养。通过竹笋期的室内有伤、无伤的多次反复接种和再分离试验证明病菌对杂交竹有很强的致病力,并能引起与自然发病一致的症状,是杂交竹枯萎病的主要病原菌。枯萎灵、萎立等12种杀菌剂的毒力测定结果表明:30%的枯萎灵WP、40%萎立WP、40%的托福灵WP、70%根腐灵SP对该病菌的生长有较强的抑制力。     

Effects of bamboo charcoal-based bio-fertilizer on wine bamboo sap yield and nutrient composition

To explore fertilization methods for wine bamboo cultivation in southwestern semi-arid areas of China,this study analyzed annual changes in sap yield and nutrient composition from May 2013 to March 2015 by using bamboo charcoal-based bio-fertilizer(ZT) and organic fertilizer treatments(CK).The study also provided basic data for functional beverage preparation and for application of ZT.The results of the two experimental cycles revealed that under the ZT treatment, sap was available for collection from May, the beginning of the rainy season, to November, the beginning of the dry season.The period of abundance was July to October with the highest yield of sap of 3.18 L stalk~(-1) in September, 2014,still lower than the moso bamboo sap, which was likely due to the scale of sap production of monopodial bamboos being different from that of sympodial bamboos.In January, trace amounts of sap were still detected, suggesting that the effect of the treatment was significant.Moreover,in the dry season, soil water content and soil temperatures at 10–15 cm depths indicated that the fertilizer had the ability to maintain soil temperatures and moisture.In both fertilizer treatments, the correlation between the collected sap and environmental parameters was significant.In the ZT treatment for the entire 2 years, the effectual environmental factors were soil water at 10–15 cm, air temperatures, and wind speeds.The same determining factors were observed for the rainy season.In the CK treatments, the effectual environmental factors for the entire year and the rainy season were soil water at 0–5 cm and air moisture.The bamboo charcoal-based bio-fertilizer elevated the potassium, calcium, iron, manganese, copper, and total phosphorus content, simultaneously increasing the sap yield, protein and reducing sugar contents, and with a relative increase in sap pH.The wine bamboo sap contained 18 amino acids.Glutamic acid, alanine and proline were the most abundant.Compared to the controls, the treatment showed higher levels of all amino acids.Thus,the ZT treatment could be more beneficial to the development of root systems because the function of heat preservation and moisture retention prolong the sap collection period, increase sap yields, and elevate mineral element, conventional nutrients, and amino acid contents with evident fertilization effects and broader application prospects.     

竹子在使用过程中的保护

竹子是一种优良的多用途材料。随着当前木材的日益短缺，其在建筑方面的用途也越来越广泛。由于竹子的自然抵抗力低，所以在使用过程中对其进行保护以防老化是至关重要的。优先选择的是非化学性的保护措施，但其效果往往有限。在使用防腐剂进行保护时，必须考虑到竹竿组织有限的渗透性、防腐剂的选择和处理方法，以及所产生的环境影响和经济方面的问题。     

Cross-sectional cutting of bamboo with a pair of shearing blades for bamboo cube production

As a new use of bamboo, bamboo cubes may be useful as a shot-blast material for surface treatments. However, a suitable processing technique for bamboo cubes has not been established. In this study, to obtain basic knowledge regarding the processing technology for bamboo cubes, we installed shearing blades (upper and lower blades) in a universal testing machine to test cross-sectional shearing of bamboo. The shearing force generated in this shearing was composed of a vertical component (F _v), a forward component (F _f), and a side component (F _s). This shearing force (F _v, F _f, and F _s) and the machining accuracy were investigated under various processing conditions. The shearing force became larger as the thickness of bamboo increased. In particular, F _v showed a tendency to increase rapidly. Changes in the shear angle of the upper blade had a remarkable influence on F _v. This result suggests that the shearing force could be greatly decreased by adjusting the shear angle. The shearing force within bamboo of 3mm in thickness was almost unaffected by the blade angle, and the change of shearing force with increasing clearance was almost indiscernible. It was clearly demonstrated that a large number of bamboo cubes could be made when the shear angle was large and cross-sectional shearing was performed from the bark side. However, a consequence of a large shear angle is that burr area increases. Part of this article was presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Fukuoka, March 2003     

竹炭生产工艺浅述

通过总结"中国竹炭之乡"浙江省衢江区和遂昌县竹炭生产经验,简述了竹炭生产概况和目前生产竹炭的方法、工艺,生产中存在的问题及今后有待进一步深入研究、探索的问题。     

玻利维亚瓜多竹的利用

房屋在人们的生活中是很重要的地位。玻利维亚也同样如此。如何能有一个全局性的方案来解决该国的住房困难,达到所谓的“交钥匙工程”是玻利维亚政府面临的难题。在这个国家,70％的城市居民的住房问题靠自己自己解决。     

心脑血管病的预防与竹康宁

简介了心脑血管病的危害,易患因素、发病机理和预防保健。指出心脑血管病通过采取积极的预防措施是可以防治,可以控制的。介绍了竹康宁对心脑血管病的防治作用。     

求购竹浆造纸机械设备

在纸浆工业中实现以竹代木,建立林纸一体化的竹浆生产基地,成为节约木材资源,减少纸浆的进口,使制浆造纸工业能持续发展的有利途径。据调查,中国80％的纸浆靠进口,中国又是竹材生产大国,如果利用竹材作为“第二木材”,在造纸工业中实现以竹代木,是中国急待解决的问题。近年来,经常有业内人士寻求关于能生产竹浆造纸的成套设备,年产在2万t左右。欢迎生产竹浆设备的企业和个人随时与本编辑部联系。     

Liquefaction of bamboo, preparation of liquefied bamboo adhesives, and properties of the adhesives

This study investigated the liquefaction of bamboo in phenol, which involved the effects of weight ratios of phenol to bamboo, amount of catalyst, temperature, etc. The study showed that liquefaction could be accomplished with a phenol to bamboo weight ratio of 2–1: 1, a 5% catalyst of HCl or BF₃, and a temperature of 115°C. Liquefied bamboo formaldehyde (BLF) resin adhesive for exterior use could be obtained with a phenol to formaldehyde molar ratio of 1:1.6–2.0. The curing behavior of BLF resin adhesive, studied by TG-DSC and IR analyses, showed that BLF resin adhesives had a lower curing temperature than PF adhesives but had the same characteristic trough in IR spectra as PF adhesives. __________ Translated from Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2004, 24(3) [译自: 林产化学与工业, 2004, 24(3)]     

红壳竹笋用林竹鞭的生长结构及其分布

通过对红壳竹不同年龄竹鞭长度、重量、鞭段长度、鞭径、侧芽 (笋芽、壮芽、弱芽、空芽节 )数量及其在不同土层中的分布状况、竹鞭的分岔和延伸方向等进行分析。认为壮龄鞭所占比例最大 ,其次为幼龄鞭 ;壮龄鞭在 10～ 2 0cm土层分布最多 ,幼龄鞭在 0～ 10cm土层分布最多。竹鞭大多数为平行生长。为红壳竹笋用林的土壤管理提供科学依据     

竹炭与竹醋的应用现状及其产业发展趋势

通过对竹炭、竹醋及其深加工产品应用现状的分析,探讨了竹炭、竹醋产业的发展现状与前景,指出了其产业化开发的方向。     

The toughness contribution of bamboo node to the Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of bamboo

Bamboo is a kind of biological composite reinforced by unidirectional long fibers. The cleavage strength along grain of bamboo internode is low; however, the existence of bamboo node can hinder the propagation of interlaminar crack to make up for the defect of weak opening mode fracture toughness along interlamination. In this article, the double cantilever beam method was applied to test the Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of Moso bamboo internode specimens and specimens with node to study the difference of the Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness between Moso bamboo internode specimens and specimens with node. The results are shown as follows: the Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of Moso bamboo internode specimens was \( G_{{{\text{I}}C}}^{\text{Internode}} \)  = 498 J/m² (SD = 65 J/m²); the Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of Moso bamboo specimens with node was \( G_{{{\text{I}}C}}^{\text{Node}}\)  = 1,431 J/m² (SD = 198 J/m²). It can be seen that the Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of bamboo specimens with node was higher than that of bamboo internode specimens, and the toughness contribution of node to bamboo Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness was 1.87 times. The conclusion was drawn that bamboo node can contribute a lot to hinder the interlaminar fracture of bamboo.     

竹席/竹碎料新型建筑模板制备工艺研究

将小径竹及竹材加工剩余物加工成一定规格的竹碎料。以竹碎料为芯层,以竹席为表层组成板坯,通过热压制备竹席/竹碎料新型建筑模板。采用正交试验,选取热压时间、热压温度和施胶量作为工艺因素,对竹席/竹碎料复合新型建筑模板制备工艺进行了研究。研究发现,施胶量对产品的各项性能指标的影响最显著,其次是热压时间和热压温度。通过分析得出优化工艺:热压时间70 s.mm-1,热压温度为170℃,施胶量为10%。     

毛竹竹腔富硒施肥对竹笋品质的影响

采用不同配比液态富硒肥对毛竹进行竹腔施肥试验。结果表明:富硒肥中大量元素可明显改善竹笋氨基酸含量,微量元素对改善竹笋品质效果不明显,但增加微量元素可促进竹笋对硒元素的吸收;富硒肥中亚硒酸钠浓度对提高竹笋硒含量影响显著;采用大量元素(A)3、微量元素(B)3、亚硒酸钠(C)3配比的富硒肥对提高竹笋硒含量、改善竹笋品质的效果最佳。     

Development of structural composite products made from bamboo II: fundamental properties of laminated bamboo lumber

This experiment explored the technical feasibility of using bamboo zephyr mat with pre-hot-pressed treatment for the manufacture of laminated bamboo lumber (LBL), which is similar in construction to that of laminated veneer lumber (LVL). Six LBL boards (made from four-ply bamboo zephyr mats) with approximate dimensions of 2×42× 42cm were fabricated using resorcinol-based adhesive. The experimental design involved three combinations of layered structures (types I, II, and III) and two LBL loading positions (H-beam and V-beam) during the bending test. These materials were then compared to ordinary LVL. Results indicated that the bending properties (moduli of rupture and elasticity) of LBL were comparable to those of LVL, but there was no significant effect on the physical and mechanical properties among the three types of LBL beam. Interestingly, orienting the glue line to the vertical direction (V-beam) could maximize the ultimate strength of the LBL.Part of this research was presented at the 49th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo. April 1999, and at the Pacific Timber Engineering Conference, Rotorua, New Zealand, March 1999