天目山保护区人为干扰分析及选址规划

对天目山保护区的空间形态及人工设施的空间分布进行研究,结果表明保护区的形状狭长、面积过小,内部的人工设施占地面积大且分布广。同时基于道路的缓冲区分析揭示出噪声对生态环境存在较大的潜在干扰。提出对天目山保护区进行扩建的设想,并借助遥感与GIS技术进行合理的选址规划。以保护区周围10 km的范围为研究区域,用非监督分类提取植被与人工设施,以NDVI指数为参考,利用山脊线与山谷线对保护区进行功能区划分,规划出保护区的核心区、缓冲区以及实验区的具体空间范围。     

尕海湿地保护成效显著

尕海则岔保护区是1998年国务院批准建立的国家级自然保护区。保护区总面积247431公顷,其中核心区39095公顷、缓冲区81157公顷、实验区127179公顷。主要保护对象是以黑颈鹤、灰鹤、黑鹳、大天鹅及雁鸭类为主的候鸟及其栖息的湿地生态系统,以紫     

基于GIS的自然保护区景观格局研究——以碧塔海自然保护区为例

在地理信息系统软件ArcGIS支撑下,用Fragstats计算景观和各景观组分的相关指数,分析其多样性、连通性、破碎化程度及聚集程度.结果显示:核心区在整个保护区的管理中虽占优势,但景观类型匮乏;缓冲区的破碎化程度较为明显;实验区的多样性核心区和缓冲区.     

黑龙江盘中自然保护区总体规划探讨

在黑龙江盘中自然保护区区位、用地和资源的现状分析基础上,对保护区进行类型划分,确定保护区主要保护对象和规划目标,划分出保护区的核心区、缓冲区、实验区三大功能区域的范围和面积,进而再对保护区的规划管理设施和规划管理措施进行总体探讨,从而保证黑龙江盘中自然保护区的可持续发展。     

鄂尔多斯遗欧国家级自然保护区远程监控系统正式投入使用

为了实现保护区数字化监测和管理，鄂尔多斯遗鸥国家级自然保护区管理局于2012年对保护区内的核心区和缓冲区安装了数字远程监控系统，10月12日，该系统正式调试成功并投入使用，实现了对保护区周边进行实时、有效、便捷的监控。     

老虎洞省级自然保护区功能划分与分类保护措施

根据老虎洞自然保护区的特点,对其不同区域进行分类,划分为核心区、缓冲区和实验区。根据保护区的类型、性质、保护对象、功能区划分以及保护区总体发展战略与目标的要求,从宏观上将保护区分成3个不同保护力度的管理区域,即:绝对保护区域、严格保护区域和一般保护区域。     

试论社区共管是保护区有效管理的必由之路

对于太白山保护区来说,压力主要来自周边社区。尽管保护区具有一定的人口承载力,但几乎所有保护区的缓冲区和实验区人口密度远远超出合理的人口承载范围。当地居民的生产和生活对保护区资源产生了强大的压力,这种资源利用还普遍得到当地政府的支持,这种情况不是权属有限的几十个保护区工作人员能够有效管理的。从现有经验来看,如果强行限制居民对资源的利用,而没有帮助其找     

浅谈湿地自然保护区统计工作现状及分析——以内蒙古南海子湿地自然保护区为例

内蒙古南海子湿地自然保护区位于包头市东河区南侧、黄河北岸,保护区总面积1664公顷,其中核心区面积为781公顷,占保护区总面积的47％,为重点保护区域;缓冲区面积255公顷,占总面积的15％;实验区面积628公顷,占总面积的38％.保护区主要保护对象为湿地生态系统及其珍稀鸟类.南海子湿地为黄河变迁遗留下的故道,是黄河湿地生态系统形成的缩影,其生态环境类型具有独特性,是包头市目前惟一的自治区级湿地自然保护区.     

内蒙古乌拉特梭梭林国家级自然保护区植被组成及空间分布特征

内蒙古乌拉特梭梭林国家级自然保护区处于由荒漠向草原化荒漠的过渡地带,研究保护区植被组成及其空间分布对维护荒漠草原生态系统平衡具有重要意义。通过对保护区内61个样点的植被组成进行调查和分析,结果表明：(1)保护区内有植物15科、47属、52种,其中核心区、缓冲区和实验区分别有38种、30种和37种,3个区共有物种为22种。藜科植物最多(12种),其次分别为菊科(9种)、禾本科(7种)和蒺藜科(6种);(2)保护区植被平均盖度为15.67%,梭梭的平均密度为420株·hm^-2;(3)保护区的植被空间分布表现出其盖度西高东低的特征,梭梭主要分布在保护区的东南部和西北部,高于1 m的梭梭主要分布在核心区的东北角和西北角、缓冲区的中部以及实验区的东部。本研究为保护区长期监测和管理提供科学依据。     

贵州独山都柳江源湿地自然保护区功能分区研究

基于独山都柳江源湿地自然保护区湿地资源、重点保护对象分布情况、区划范围,根据生态完整性原则、物种的有效保护原则,采用自然区划和人工区划相结合,对保护区进行功能分区,根据分区,保护区总面积21734hm2,其中:实验区面积11163hm2,缓冲区面积4487hm2,核心区面积6084hm2。     

Contrasting the financial efficiency of agroforestry practices in buffer zone management of Madhupur National Park, Bangladesh

This research contrasts the financial profitability of different agroforestry practices in community-based buffer zone management of Madhupur National Park (MNP), Bangladesh. This park is the second largest in Bangladesh and subjected to enormous anthropogenic pressure and land rights-related conflicts. This paper reports the different agroforestry practices of villagers in different modules of the buffer zone of MNP, identified by a participatory research approach. It then assesses the profitability of each module on the basis of cost–benefit analysis, net present value, internal rate of return, and annualized income. Results indicate three agroforestry systems were being practised in the buffer zone by the participants: agro-silviculture, agro-silvo-horticulture, and combined woodlot and agroforestry. Among these modules, agro-silvo-horticulture was the most profitable, followed by agro-silviculture then combined woodlot and agroforestry. We recognize that not all of the participants can practise intensive agroforestry; our results suggest that the community-based buffer zone management strategy for MNP would benefit from prioritizing agroforestry practices where possible. This will lead to more successful buffer zone management for the conservation of natural forests while supporting the development of local resource-dependent communities.     

长潭自然保护区不同功能区森林土壤有机碳分布规律

在分析长潭自然保护区不同功能区土壤有机碳分布时,本研究发现,不同功能区土壤有机碳差异显著（P〈0．05）,土壤有机碳含量为实验区〉缓冲区〉核心区;不同功能区各层土壤有机碳含量为：0～50cm土层土壤有机碳含量为实验区〉缓冲区〉核心区．50～100cm土层土壤有机碳含量为缓冲区〉实验区〉核心区,缓冲区土壤有机碳含量变化大于核心区与实验区。     

退田还湖工程对西洞庭湖湿地资源的影响及驱动力分析

应用GIS和RS技术,对西洞庭湖湿地退田还湖工程实施前(1996年)和工程实施后(2004年)2期TM遥感影像进行了解译、分析和处理,并探讨了工程实施前后土地利用变化情况。结果表明,退田还湖工程效果明显,西洞庭湖的湿地面积增加了8 657.82hm2,占湿地总面积的17.81%。其中核心区、缓冲区、实验区的湿地面积分别增加了548.55 hm2,368.46 hm2,2 331.9hm2;同时核心区泥沙淤积严重,泥滩面积增加了1 540.35hm2,占核心区湿地总面积的16.38%。实验区一些林地主要转化为建筑用地、旱地和芦苇滩地,一些泥沙滩地和苔草滩地主要转化为人工湿地。但总体上,西洞庭湖湿地面积呈增加趋势,其直接驱动力为退田还湖工程。     

Buffer Zones as a Conservation Strategy

Abstract

Buffer zones serve as zones outside a protected area from which people can derive material or economic benefit, but which also provide wildlife habitat and ecosystem services. “Integrated conservation and development programs” (ICDPs) established in buffer zone communities promote sustainable patterns of economic development. However, they have been widely criticized for poor implementation. In this paper, I examine Conservation International's AMISCONDE program in Costa Rica as a case study of the role of ICDPs in buffer zones. The study suggests that varying and poorly defined conceptions of buffer zones among ICDP workers and participants can contribute to the failure of ICDPs to implement effective buffer zone-based conservation strategies. Alternative approaches to buffer zone delineation are examined. Recommendations include the clarification of competing buffer zone definitions; construction of a buffer zone definition that can be shared by all conservation participants in the region; and systematic assessment of the conceptual linkages between ICDP activities and conservation goals.     

Comparing buffer zone alternatives in forest planning using a decision support system

Increased awareness of the connection between forest management activities and negative effects on water quality means that forestry needs to consider its potential impact on the aquatic environment when planning operations. Protective buffer zones are effective, but their design can vary. To be able to incorporate up-to-date scientific theory into practical applications easy-to-use planning tools are needed. In this study, we evaluate different buffer zone alternatives by using the freely available decision support system Heureka. The consequences on both economic and ecological values over a time period of 100 years were evaluated for two buffer zone approaches and three management alternatives within the buffer zones. Results indicated that there is a trade-off between economic and ecological values when managing the buffer zones. To be able to perform the analyses within Heureka, a new tool was developed. This software development provides access to a forest planning tool that can help improve nature conservation.     

Coffee Agroforestry Systems for Conservation and Economic Development

Abstract

The agroforestry program of the AMISCONDE Initiative was implemented in 13 buffer zone communities of La Amistad Biosphere Reserve. This program introduced citrus (Citrus spp.) and promoted the widespread inclusion of poró (Erythrina poeppigiana) shade trees, ground story vegetation, and soil conservation techniques to the local cultivation of coffee (Coffea arabica var caturra). This program sought long-term socioeconomic and ecological health in these buffer zone communities through conservation and development projects such as coffee agroforestry systems. This paper examines the ecological and socioeconomic benefits of two introduced coffee agroforestry systems: coffee-poró and coffee-citrus. The project has decreased agrochemical inputs, integrated multi-strata vegetation, and implemented soil conservation techniques such as vetiver grass, cover crops, terraces, water channeling, and shade trees in an effort to sustainably manage coffee production on the steep buffer zone slopes. The agroforestry project of the AMISCONDE Initiative has likely improved the production of coffee ecologically and economically. However, new specialty markets should be explored to increase economic and ecological gains. Organic and fair trade coffee niche markets are suggested as alternatives for meeting the long-term AMISCONDE objectives of community development and conservation.     

河溪缓冲带的功能及其科学管理

河溪缓冲带位于陆地生态系统与水生生态系统之间,具有多种生态、经济和景观功能,但由于交通和建设用地的不断增加,河溪缓冲带的人为破坏现象严重,急需得到科学的管理和恢复。文章详细介绍了河溪缓冲带的6种功能,以说明河溪缓冲带对流域生态环境的重要性,提出了3条缓冲带科学管理的基本原则。     

Dynamic riparian buffer widths from potential non-point source pollution areas in forested watersheds

Efforts to manage National Forests in the USA for wood production, while protecting water quality, are currently constrained by models that do not address the temporal dynamics of variable non-point source (NPS) areas. NPS areas are diffuse sources of contaminants contributed mostly by runoff as a result of different land use activities. Riparian vegetative buffers are often used to control contaminants from NPS areas but defining suitable widths require different policy considerations. In this study, the approach for defining suitable buffer widths is to apply a distributed process-based model that predicts potential NPS areas prone to generating runoff in relation to overland flow distances. A case study of the concept was applied to the 72 km² Pete King watershed located in the Clearwater National Forest (CNF) in central Idaho, USA. This grid modeling approach is based on a Geographic Information System (GIS) and it integrates the soil moisture routing (SMR) model with probabilistic analysis. The SMR model is a daily water balance model that simulates the hydrology of forested watersheds using real or stochastically generated climate data, a digital elevation model, soil, and land use data. The probabilistic analysis incorporates the variability of soil depth and accounts for uncertainties associated with the prediction of NPS areas using Monte Carlo simulation. A 1-year simulation for the case study location was performed to examine the spatial and temporal changes in NPS areas prone to generating runoff. The results of the simulation indicate that the seasonal variability of saturated areas determines the spatial dynamics of the potential NPS pollution. Use of this model for the design of riparian buffer widths would increase the effectiveness of decision-making in forest management and planning by mapping or delineating NPS areas likely to transport contaminants to perennial surface water bodies.     

Suppression of debris movement by forests and damage to forests by debris deposition

 Forest buffer zones have recently been introduced in an attempt to suppress debris movement caused by mass wasting. There are, however, many questions left unsolved regarding the role of forests in suppressing debris movement and damage to forests by debris deposition. A number of debris avalanches occurred in southern Fukushima Prefecture and Hiroshima Prefecture in August 1998 and June 1999, respectively. Suppression of debris movement by forests and damage to forests by debris deposition were investigated in this study using aerial photographic interpretation and topographic analysis. Of the debris avalanches delineated in the Fukushima and Hiroshima areas, 282 and 84 sites, respectively, were forested, and 43 and seven sites, respectively, were nonforested. Topographic parameters, land use, and forest type at each site were surveyed by aerial photographic interpretation and topographic analysis. Suppression of debris movement by forest vegetation was confirmed by higher equivalent coefficients of friction and shorter average deposition zone length (about 28% and 55% shorter in the Fukushima and Hiroshima areas, respectively) in forested sites compared with nonforested sites. While previous studies suggested that the width of the forest zone required to prevent sediment outflow by surface erosion increases with increasing slope gradient, no clear relationship was found in this study. While the length of deposition zone of debris material (this study) is strongly affected by the dynamic solid friction coefficient and fluid friction of debris material, the length of deposition zone of the outflow of surface wash (past studies) is mainly affected by the tractive force of water flow. Among the 65 trees that remained at the terminus of deposition zones at five sites, 36 were alive and 29 were dead. Damage to the forest increases with increasing thickness of deposits and decreases with increasing tree diameter. Such results are useful for designing forest buffer zones. Received: June 18, 2001 / Accepted: August 21, 2002 Correspondence to:Y. Ishikawa     

The influence of timber harvest on the structure and composition of riparian forests in the Coastal Redwood region

The composition and structure of riparian forests in the coast redwood region were analyzed in relation to the length of time since timber harvest, and the width of riparian buffer zone. Ten sites were sampled in the central range of the coast redwood forest type within a variety of post-harvest age groups and riparian buffer zone widths. Data was collected using randomly selected sample plots adjacent to perennial coastal steams. Correlation Fisher's r to z tests and two-tailed t-test were used to examine the relationship between the sample variables and the experimental parameters “years since harvest”, and “width of buffer.” Results indicate that canopy cover was negatively correlated to “years since harvest” with the highest level of canopy cover found on the youngest sites and the lowest level found on the old-growth sites. The hardwood to conifer dominance ratio and the basal area of Alnus rubra (red alder) were correlated negatively to both “years since harvest” and “buffer width” indicating that timber harvest favored hardwood species. Late seral associates such as Oxalis oregana (redwood sorrel), Anthyrium filix-femina (lady fern), and Vaccinium parviflorum (billberry) were found preferentially in older forests and sites with wider buffer zones, while non-native species such as Hedera helix (English ivy), Pampas cortedaria (pampas grass), and Myosotis latifolia (forget-me-not) were found preferentially in younger forests and areas with smaller buffer zones.