三种化学除草剂对水葫芦象甲的影响

室内外就草甘膦、克芜踪、农得时３种除草剂对水葫芦象甲卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫的影响进行了初步测试。象甲卵直接接触３种除草剂药液和清水对照后,孵化率分别为８３．３％、９３．３％、９２．２％和９５．６％;处理有卵植株叶片后,卵的孵化率分别为９０．０％、５３．４％、８５．６％和９３．６％。３种除草剂对初孵幼虫存活和蛹的羽化影响不大。但用克芜踪和农得时处理的叶片喂食象甲后,成虫产卵量分别为０．１７和０．２７粒／（对ｄ－１）,取食量分别为１０．８０和８．７０个取食斑／（对ｄ－１）,明显低于对照的产卵量１．１４粒和取食量１５．４０个／（对ｄ－１）,而草甘膦处理后象甲产卵量为１．１４粒／（对ｄ－１）,取食斑为１６．５０个／（对ｄ－１）,与对照差异不显著;克芜踪处理后７０天,象甲全部死亡,而草甘膦、农得时和对照的存活率分别为９２．５％、９５．０％和９７．５％。综合比较结果,３种除草剂对象甲的毒性影响依次为克芜踪＞农得时＞草甘膦     

草克星与稻思达复配防除抛栽稻田杂草效果

为探索草克星与稻思达复配在抛栽稻田的除草效果、安全性、最佳配比以及两者复配后用瓶抛法施药的可行性,我们于１９９８年进行了试验。１　材料与方法１．１　供试药剂７．５％草克星水分散粒剂（日产化学公司提供）、８０％稻思达水分散粒剂（罗纳普朗克公司提供）、５０％丁草胺乳油（南通化工厂生产）、１０％苄黄隆可湿性粉剂（江苏省激素研究所生产）。１．２　处理设置试验共设１５个处理（表１）,３次重复,小区面积４ｍ×５ｍ,随机区组排列。各处理均在抛后３天用药,药后保浅水７天。１．３　实施概况试验田设在阜宁县城北乡城…     

冀鲁豫和新疆棉铃虫的抗药性

首次系统报道了苦槛蓝对菜青虫的拒食,毒杀作用和影响生长发育的作用。试验表明,１％苦槛蓝氯仿萃取物对菜粉蝶４龄,５龄幼虫的非选择性拒食率均在９４％以上,对４龄幼虫的ＡＦＣ５０,ＡＦＣ９５分别为０．１２％和０．７８％;处理后７２ｈ,４龄试虫的校正死亡率为８０．８％;处理后４ｄ,试虫的平均体重仅为对照的３６．７４％;经１％氯仿萃取物处理,４龄试虫羽化率仅为３．３３％,发育抑制率达８８．８９％。     

36—1菌对植物病原真菌的拮抗性

平板共生培养测定表明，３６－１菌对供试的８种植物病原真菌均有不同程度的拮抗性，其中含３６－１菌活菌体液剂对玉米小斑病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、黄瓜炭疽病菌、棉花枯萎病菌和水稻恶苗病菌菌丝生长抑制率依次为８０．２２％、８０．５０％、７７．７５％、７５．３０％、６１．３８％；处理柑桔（脐橙）病果，对果面青、绿霉病斑扩展的抑制率为６５．９７％；批量处理柑桔（桃叶橙），室温贮存９０天，好果率为７８．４４％，比对照     

1.8%爱福丁乳油防治豆角美洲斑潜蝇试验

１．８％爱福丁乳油下同。桂林第三制药厂产４０００倍防治美洲斑潜蝇，药后３ｄ的防效达８０．２％－９０．０％，药后７ｄ的防效为７６．４％－８２．８％，明显高于对照药巴丹１５００倍处理管爱福丁５０００倍、６０００倍处理。值得推广。     

播前施用氟乐灵对棉花苗期病害及蕾期枯萎病的影响

田间试验在棉花苗病和枯萎病常年发病田进行。以１７５ｍｌ４８％氟乐灵乳油／６６６．７ｍ＾２的剂量处理苗床地表土，播种棉籽后以含氟乐灵（１．０－１．５ｍｇ有效成分／ｋｇ土）的土壤覆盖。以清水处理为对照，。结果表明Ｌ氟乐灵处理组的出苗率高于对照，苗前残废对比照降低，５２．９１％－７９．８０％。处理组苗床期立枯病和侄蛱贩发病率及死苗率显著降低，分别下降３０％和４２％左右；棉苗枯萎病的发病率及病情指明显低于     

扑海因和可杀得防治西瓜枯萎病室内药效初步测定

西瓜枯萎病（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｉｕｍｆ．ｓｐ．ｎｉｖｅｕｎ）是西瓜生产中最重要的一种土传病害,遍布各西瓜产地,严重影响西瓜的生产。本试验为明确扑海因对该病的防治效果而设计,结果如下。１材料与方法１．１供试材料１．１．１药剂处理５０％扑海因...     

农达、农民乐在毛竹山上除草试验示范简报

１９９９年在大面积取得毛竹山上使用农达除草成功经验的基础上，２０００年又进行了农达和农民乐除草试验，以进一步明确农民乐和农达的除草效果和应用技术。１ 林料与方法１．１ 供试药剂农民乐７４．７％水溶性粒剂、农达４１％水剂（均为美国孟山都公司产）。１．２ 试验处理试验设６个处理：农达２２５ｇ／亩、３００ｇ／亩，农民乐１５０ｍｌ／亩、２２５ｍｌ／亩、１５０ｍｌ／亩，以喷清水为对照。除其中农民乐１５０ｍｌ／亩一个处理亩用水量为２６ｋｇ，喷片孔径１ｍｍ外，其余亩用水量为４０ｋｇ，喷片孔径２ｍｍ，以工农１６型…     

乙草胺对花生地杂草的防治适期试验

经试验，５０％乙草胺乳油防除花生地杂草不同施药时间的总体防效依次为播种后１ｄ（９０．１９％），播后３ｄ（８７．０％），播后５ｄ（８６．１％），播前２ｄ的防效（５２．３％）最差。各处理对花生出苗均无影响，而对花生产量有不同的程度的增产。     

敌·氯乳油的气相色谱分析

本文选用５％ＳＥ－３０填充柱及ＦＩＤ检测器,以邻苯二甲酸二戊酯为内标,采取气相色谱程序升温的方法对制剂中的敌敌畏和氯氰菊酯进行分析。此方法的变异系数分别为１．５％、１．９％,平均回收率为１００．１％、１００．３４％,相关系数为ｒ敌＝０．９９９７,ｒ氯＝０．９９５６。     

施肥对麦田杂草发生、生长及危害的影响

应用微区试验研究了在种植小麦的情况下,不同施肥水平对杂草及其防除效果的影响。结果表明,在缺磷土壤上单施氮肥,杂草发生和生长受到抑制;增施磷肥,氮肥效应得到充分发挥,杂草发生和生长迅猛提高。杂草根系发达,对钾肥不敏感。有机肥养分完全,显著促进杂草发生和生长。在不施肥(对照)及适合杂草和小麦生长的平衡施肥处理区(NP和NPK),麦田杂草的危害(小麦减产百分率)最为严重。杂草危害程度和施除草剂的增产效果均与小麦长势呈极显著负相关(相关系数分别是-0.5121、-0.5418,n=27)。肥料对甲磺隆钠盐杂草防效的影响与施药时间有关。在小麦苗前至苗后早期施药,防效高,且不受施肥影响;施药过迟,杂草长大,防效下降。研究结果还表明,杂草发生和生长在受施肥影响的同时,也受小麦长势和长相的影响。     

Management of downy mildew of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) caused by Peronospora belbahrii by means of resistance inducers, fungicides, biocontrol agents and natural products

To control downy mildew of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), incited by Peronospora belbahrii Thines, a number of compounds were tested in 2011 and 2012 under glasshouse conditions. These included copper-based fungicides, biocontrol agents, and compounds previously reported to induce resistance in plants to pathogens. Results were compared with those provided by fungicides registered for downy mildew control in Italy. The tested compounds were used alone or applied in rotation in spray programs. In all trials, the greatest reduction in disease incidence and severity was found with treatments that included metalaxyl-M?+?copper hydroxide, a mineral fertilizer ‘Alexin’, mandipropanid, and azoxystrobin. The glucohumates activator complex and acibenzolar-S-methyl also provided significant disease control (P?<?0.05). The mineral fertilizer Alexin, the glucohumates activator complex and acibenzolar-S significantly reduced disease incidence and severity 20 days after the last treatment compared with the untreated control (P?<?0.05). Among the copper-based products, the greatest reductions in disease incidence and severity were provided by copper hydroxide with terpenic alcohols and copper oxychloride?+?copper hydroxide. The mineral fertilizer Kendal and prohexadione-Ca, as well as mustard oil, partially reduced disease incidence and severity compared with the untreated control (P?<?0.05), whereas the biocontrol agent Bacillus subtilis QST 713 and thyme oil extract were not effective in two out of three trials. When different combinations of various products used in rotation were tested, effective control was found either using a rotation of fungicides with compounds that can induce resistance, as well as by using rotation with different resistance-inducing compounds on their own.     

栽培防病措施对防治小麦白粉病的重要作用

为了解栽培措施对防治小麦白粉病的作用,通过不同栽培措施对病情产生不同影响的大量田间调查,明确了小麦早播、密播,过量水、肥条件下的旺苗和种植高度感病品种,都会加重小麦秋苗带菌量。短期播种、合理密植、视墒灌水、配方施肥、培育小麦壮苗及避免种植高感品种等均能减轻小麦秋苗带菌量。小麦秋苗带菌量大,则翌春病菌越冬菌源量也大。种植高感品种在田间有发病中心的作用。应把栽培防病措施规范化、科学化、制度化,以充分发     

水稻品种间纹枯病的严重度与产量损失的关系

在田间人工接种条件下,比较江苏省10个水稻生产品种的纹枯病发病程度及其产量损失率。结果表明:水稻品种间的发病程度和产量损失率均有明显差异。增施氮肥后纹枯病的严重度增加,但对产量的影响则因品种而异。在按株测定7个水稻生产品种的病害严重度与产量损失的关系中获知:用来衡量病害严重度的病级(病斑高度)与产量损失之间有十分密切的关系,从而建立了病级(x)与产量损失率(y)之间的回归方程:y=4.487x-1.416。     

EFFECTS OF CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL ON THE GROWTH PATTERNS OF CONIFER TRANSPLANTS

Summary. Studies were undertaken to determine the tolerance of three conifer species to repeated applications of several herbicides over a 2-year period and the degree of weed control required to obtain optimal growth.
The results indicated that: (1) 60% or more weed control was required to obtain optimal growth of Picea glauca (Moench) Voss and P. pungens Engelm., while Pinus sylvestris L. showed optimal growth with average weed control as low as 40%; (2) weed competition did not affect the percentage survival of any of the three species under irrigated nursery conditions; (3) absence of visual injury symptoms was not an indication of the tolerance of a species to a herbicide; (4) severe weed competition caused an overall reduction in growth with significant reductions in stem diameter and in height and fresh weight of shoots; (5) herbicidal toxicity caused reductions in height, fresh weight or stem diameter but not necessarily of all three; (6) initial survival was affected only by those herbicides that were highly toxic at the doses applied; and (7) significant differences in growth, due either to weed competition or to herbicidal toxicity were apparent, in most instances, after the 2nd year's growth.
The treatments that gave 70% or more control each year with no apparent growth retardation over the 2-year period of the three species tested were: single yearly applications of neburon 4 lb/ac or linuron 2 lb/ac, two applications each year of DCPA (dimethyl 2,3,5,6-tetrachloroterephthalate) 10 lb/ac and directed application of sodium pentachlorophenate 15 lb/ac.     

大豆蚜的系统最优控制研究

１９９３￣１９９６年作者以系统最优控制为技术原理,采用逐步逼近法和正交优化法,研究了豆田１１种可控因素对大豆蚜,天敌和产量的综合效应。根据既控虫增产又保护生态的原则,综合评价可控因素,提出大豆蚜系统最优控制：大豆与玉米同穴（４：１式）或间作（９：２式）、鲁豆４号６月１０日前后播种、１８００ｇ／ｈｍ＾２微肥拌豆种,Ｎ４５ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,Ｐ２Ｏ５ ６０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２、Ｋ２Ｏ１５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２、有机肥     

杭州地区油菜病毒病的发病规律及防治研究

油菜苗期病毒病的发生,决定于带毒有翅蚜从毒源寄主上迁入的时间与虫口数;本田期病毒病的流行为害,在很大程度上与苗床后期和本田初期有翅若蚜的长成和扩散有关。杭州地区的传毒蚜虫主要为菜缢管岈,其有翅蚜的发生及迁飞高峯期约在9月下旬至10月下旬,油菜病毒病发病率的高峯与有翅蚜发生高峯成正相关。本研究进一步证实了带病的十字花科杂蔊菜的蓿根,越夏后萌发的植株是秋菜及油菜的重要毒源之一。在7月中旬正8月上旬的炎热夏天仅看到火白菜是菜缢管蚜的寄主,但未检查到病株,另一试验火白菜感病后无隐蔽现象。杭州地区10月份的降水量、降雨天数以及相对湿度对当年病毒病流行与否影响最大,天气干旱病毒病相当严重。暴雨或连续降雨两天以上能影响有翅蚜,发生量与迁飞量显著下降,因而在一定程度上抑制了病毒病的蔓延。播种时用6%可湿性六六六粉每亩3斤撒施畦面,苗床期两片真叶开始,连续用乐果及二二三、六六六混合液治蚜4次,与加强肥水管理,效果达84.7%。     

不同比例有机肥替代化肥对玉米生长及水分利用效率的影响

为了探索黄土高原半干旱区全膜双垄沟播玉米适宜的有机氮替代无机氮水平,于2018—2019年通过大田试验研究了单施化肥(F100M0)、有机肥50%替代(F50M50)、有机肥37.5%替代(F62.5M37.5)、有机肥25%替代(F75M25)以及有机肥12.5%替代(F87.5M12.5)化肥和不施肥(CK)对玉米耗水特性、籽粒产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：两个丰水年,玉米耗水差异主要表现在播种期50~110 cm土层和成熟期10~30 cm土层;与对照相比,F62.5M37.5和F87.5M12.5处理的籽粒产量和生物产量分别较对照增加100.6%、122.0%和132.7%、156.8%,水分利用效率和降水利用效率分别增加了73.1%、165.1%和93.6%、179.8%,水分利用效率和降水利用效率增加的原因主要是F62.5M37.5和F87.5M12.5处理协调了籽粒产量与耗水量之间的关系,使玉米水分利用效率和降水利用效率较对照分别增加。所有处理中,F87.5M12.5处理表现出与单施化肥相当的经济效益。因此,在200 kg·hm^-2施氮水平下,适度降低有机肥替代比例能提高玉米的水分利用效率和经济效益,本研究推荐有机肥替代化肥的水平为12.5%~37.5%。     

棉花黄萎病生物防治试验续报

 棉花黄萎病(Verticililum albo-aturm)在我国北部棉区分布很广,为害至烈^[1,4,5]。选育抗病品种并将它繁殖推广须有十年以上的过程,而最后尚有失去抗病力的可能^[1,7]。因此有必耍找寻新的防治途径。