固体发酵饲料酵母对非蛋白氮转化能力的研究

本文研究了在固体发酵饲料酵母时，添加非蛋白氮源－硫酸铵及尿素，对提高蛋白含量的影响。实验表明：酵母对非蛋白氮的转化能力较低，添加３％硫酸铵时，真蛋白质含量可提高２．３％左右，而添加３％尿素仅提高１．２％，同时对当前饲料酵母的蛋白质含量测定和质量评价提出了一些新见解。     

利用产朊假丝酵母生产铬酵母发酵工艺的研究

对利用产朊假丝酵母生产富铬酵母进行了研究。通过在培养基中添加Cr3＋的方法制备富铬酵母,测定富铬酵母生物量及铬含量。对培养条件进行了优化,确定了最优培养条件为培养温度30℃、培养基铬添加量100μg/mL、接种量体积分数为4%～6%（V/V）、培养起始pH值为5.0、培养时间20h。在该优化条件下获得的富铬酵母生物量可达1.83g/100mL,有机铬含量可达2210μg/g。试验结果可以为富铬酵母的生产开发奠定一定的技术基础。     

香菇渣发酵饲料的研究

以香菇渣为主要原料,并添加玉米淀粉和麸皮,将其混合后,再接种一定量的产朊假丝酵母和纤维单胞菌进行发酵.通过对玉米粉添加量、麸皮添加量、接种量和发酵时间对发酵饲料粗蛋白含量的影响进行研究,在单因素试验的基础上,采用4因素3水平的正交试验,确定了香菇渣最适的发酵工艺为:玉米粉添加量20％,麸皮添加量15％,纤维单胞菌接种量...     

麦冬渣固态发酵生产蛋白饲料的动力学研究

对康宁木霉以及康宁木霉/产朊假丝酵母固态发酵麦冬渣生产蛋白饲料的动力学过程进行了比较,提出了用于描述发酵过程中真蛋白增长的动力学模型。研究结果表明,对数方程可以很好地描述发酵过程中真蛋白含量的动态变化情况;在单菌和混菌发酵体系中,真蛋白含量的最大增加量分别为4.97%和6.55%,比增加速率常数分别为0.049 8/h和0.054 2/h;与单菌发酵体系相比,混菌发酵体系能有效促进真蛋白含量的增长。     

产朊假丝酵母改善麻疯树提油饼粕营养效价的研究

利用产朊假丝酵母作为发酵菌株,采用固态发酵方式改善麻疯树提油饼粕的营养效价。试验结果表明,控制培养基湿度为100%(w/w)条件下恒温发酵4d,麻疯树提油饼粕中的粗蛋白含量达到最大值。统计分析结果表明,向培养基中添加碳源后,发酵饼粕的粗蛋白增长率、粗蛋白体外消化率、氨基氮含量和蛋白酶活力都比未添加碳源组有显著提高(P<0.05)。与未发酵麻疯树提油饼粕相比,添加10%(w/w)葡萄糖的发酵饼粕中粗蛋白含量、粗蛋白体外消化率和氨基氮含量分别提高了0.48、15.6和37倍,蛋白酶活力达到2100U/g,其营养效价得到明显提高。     

利用沙棘果渣固态发酵生产新型绿色生物饲料的研究

以沙棘果加工副产物的果渣为主料,采用地衣芽孢杆菌、产朊假丝酵母、白地霉三株菌株混菌固态发酵生产生物饲料。最佳工艺为:沙棘果渣配比40%～70%,菌种配比为111,物料含水量55%,初始pH值4.5～5.0,接种总量6%,无机氮源尿素添加量3%,培养周期为44～48 h。培养物细胞数可达45亿个/g以上,粗蛋白质可达39%以上。蛋鸡饲喂实验结果表明,蛋鸡日粮中发酵沙棘果渣添加量为4%时,日产蛋率最高,比对照组提高了6.35%,蛋黄色泽也最高,比对照组提高了32.27%,和对照组相比均差异显著(P0.05)。蛋均重随着发酵果渣添加量的增加而有所提高,破损软蛋率、料蛋比跟对照组相比随着发酵果渣的添加而降低,但各组间无显著差异(P0.05)。产品具有蛋白饲料与微生态制剂双重特性,具有较好的饲喂效果。     

产朊假丝酵母蛋白饲料的研究进展

我国蛋白质饲料资源短缺,影响饲料业和畜牧业的发展,非常规蛋白质饲料资源丰富且开发潜力强。产朊假丝酵母蛋白饲料以农业副产物等为原料,产朊假丝酵母(Candida utilis)为发酵菌种,通过固体发酵或液体发酵制备获得,作为动植物源性蛋白饲料的替代品具有广阔的研究前景,并能提高非常规蛋白质饲料资源利用率。它富含蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素等营养物质,具有维持动物生长性能、维护肠道健康、维持瘤胃功能、缓解饲料中霉菌毒素危害等作用。本研究总结了产朊假丝酵母蛋白饲料的生产工艺及其在动物生产中的功能,为开发利用新型蛋白源提供选择。     

香蕉茎叶粉固态发酵条件优化及鹅对其养分利用率的研究

本试验旨在研究应用固态发酵技术改善香蕉茎叶粉养分组成的工艺参数及鹅对其养分的利用率。选择米曲霉和产朊假丝酵母作为发酵菌种,逐步探究5个因素(单菌种发酵、硫酸铵添加量、米曲霉和产朊假丝酵母接种比例、混合菌液接种量)对发酵后香蕉茎叶粉蛋白质含量的影响。利用正交设计筛选最优发酵温度、底物水分和发酵时间的组合。结果显示:米曲霉和产朊假丝酵母单独发酵均能显著或极显著提高发酵后香蕉茎叶粉的粗蛋白质含量(P0.05或P0.01)。添加硫酸铵能显著或极显著提高发酵后香蕉茎叶粉的真蛋白质含量(P0.05或P0.01),其中添加2%硫酸铵组的真蛋白质含量最高。米曲霉∶产朊假丝酵母接种比例为2∶1的处理发酵后香蕉茎叶粉的蛋白质净增加量显著或极显著高于比例为1∶1、1∶3和3∶2的处理(P0.05或P0.01)。正交试验结果显示,以4%的接种量、接种比例为2∶1(米曲霉∶产朊假丝酵母)、2%的硫酸铵添加量,在基质水分为50%,30℃的环境下发酵4 d效果最佳。经过该工艺发酵后的香蕉茎叶粉粗蛋白质含量提高了33.82%,氨基酸分析结果显示,除赖氨酸和精氨酸外其余的15种氨基酸含量均有不同程度的提高。马冈鹅的代谢试验结果显示,发酵后香蕉茎叶粉中的粗蛋白质利用率提高了52.66%,极显著高于发酵前(P0.01);此外,代谢能和能量利用率也都略有提高(P0.05)。由此可见,经过该发酵工艺发酵后的香蕉茎叶粉营养价值不仅得到了改善,也促进了鹅对其养分的消化吸收。     

饲用产朊假丝酵母的发酵培养条件研究

产朊假丝酵母(Candida utilis)是优良的饲料蛋白,在发酵饲料生产中得到广泛应用。利用单因素比较试验和响应面分析方法,对产朊假丝酵母的发酵培养条件进行了优化,获得了二次回归模型,建立起产朊假丝酵母的最优发酵培养条件:葡萄糖19.86 g/l、酵母膏9.56 g/l、K2HPO41.45 g/l、MgSO41.12 g/l,pH值5.5,发酵温度28℃。试验结果表明,该菌株具有生产速度快、易于培养的特点。     

Effects of supplementary mother liquor,by‐product of monosodium glutamate,on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics

Mother liquor (ML) is monosodium glutamate by‐product and contains much crude protein (CP). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementation of two types of MLs having different chemical compositions on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics. ML1 had 74% organic matter (OM) and 70% CP and ML2 had 85% OM and 83% CP on a dry matter (DM) basis. The experiments were conducted using 0.5 gDM rolled barley or ryegrass straw as substrates. Urea and freeze‐dried MLs were added at three levels of nitrogen to be isonitrogenous. The ML1 treatment increased gas production compared with the ML2 treatment in barley substrate condition (p < 0.05). The supplementary ML2 increased gas production compared with the supplementary urea, and the digestibilities of DM and neutral detergent fiber expressed exclusive of residual ash (NDFom) were higher for the supplementary ML2 than for the supplementary ML1 in straw substrate condition (p < 0.05). In both the conditions, ammonia nitrogen concentrations of the ML1 and ML2 treatments were lower than that of the urea treatment (p < 0.05). The results indicated that the supplementary ML1 and ML2 activated in vitro ruminal fermentation particularly in concentrate and roughage substrate conditions respectively.     

Use of monosodium glutamate by‐product in cow diet on performance of lactating dairy cows

Eight multiparous lactating Holstein cows were randomly assigned in a 4 × 4 replicated Latin square design to receive four dietary treatments. The dietary treatments were monosodium glutamate by‐product (MSGB) replacement for soybean meal in concentrate at four levels: MSGB replacement at 0, 20, 40 and 60%, respectively. Pangola hay was given on an ad libitum basis. It was found that total dry matter intake, concentrate intake, pangola hay intake and all apparent digestibilities were not different among treatments. Ammonia nitrogen concentration in the rumen at 4 h post‐feeding was significantly different, in which the 0% treatment had the highest (P < 0.05) while the 20% treatment had the lowest. Milk fat percentage was the highest (P < 0.05) in the 0% treatment. MSGB replacement at 40% and 60% were shown to be the lowest (P < 0.05) feed cost for milk production, and profitability of milk production was the highest (P < 0.05) for the 60% treatment. Based on this experiment, it could be concluded that MSGB replacement for soybean meal at 20‐60% in the feed for dairy cows presented no negative effects on their performances. In addition, it could decrease feed cost 2.9‐17.3% and increase milk production profit up to 33.3% in the 60% treatment.     

Effects of feeding mother liquor,by‐product of monosodium glutamate,on digestibility,energy and nitrogen balances,and rumen condition in Thai native bulls

Four Thai native bulls were used to evaluate the availability of mother liquor (ML), by‐product of monosodium glutamate, as a replacement of soybean meal (SBM) consisting of 10% in concentrate. The SBM was replaced by the ML at 0% (C), 20% (T1), 40% (T2), and 60% (T3), and the experiment was a randomized block design experiment. The animals were fed concentrate and roughage (60:40, on a dry matter [DM] basis). There were no significant differences in the digestibility of DM, crude protein, ether extract, acid detergent fiber expressed exclusive of residual ash and non‐fibrous carbohydrate, and energy and nitrogen balances among the treatments. However, the digestibility of the neutral detergent fiber in T2 was lower than the other treatments (p < .05). The valeric acid of T2 was lower than those of C and T1 and the iso‐valeric acid of T3 was the lowest (p < .05), followed by those of T2, T1, and C at 4 hr post‐feeding. No significant differences were observed in the ruminal total VFA concentrations, pH, and NH₃‐N among the treatments. These results suggested that SBM could be replaced by the ML up to 60% without adverse effects on nitrogen and energy balance, rumen conditions, and blood metabolites in Thai native bulls.     

Effects of oral monosodium glutamate administration on serum metabolomics of suckling piglets

This study was conducted to determine the effects of oral administration with glutamate on metabolism of suckling piglets based on ¹H-Nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectroscopy through the level of metabolism. Forty-eight healthy [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] piglets born on the same day with a similar birth bodyweight (1.55 ± 0.20 kg) were obtained from six sows (8 piglets per sow). The piglets from each sow were randomly assigned into four treatments (2 piglets per treatment). The piglets were given 0.09 g/kg body weight (BW) of sodium chloride (CN group), 0.03 g/kg BW monosodium glutamate (LMG group), 0.25 g/kg BW monosodium glutamate (MMG group) and 0.50 g/kg BW monosodium glutamate (HMG group) twice a day respectively. An ¹H NMR-based metabolomics’ study found that the addition of monosodium glutamate (MSG) significantly reduced serum citrate content in 7-day-old piglets, while HMG significantly increased serum trimethylamine content and significantly reduced unsaturated fat content in 7-day-old piglets (p < .05). The content of glutamine, trimethylamine, albumin, choline and urea nitrogen was significantly increased and the creatinine content decreased significantly in the 21-day-old HMG (p < .05). Analysis of serum hormones revealed that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) content in the 21-day-old HMG was highest (p < .05). The cholecystokinin (CCK) content in the HMG of 7-day-old piglets was lower than that in the LMG (p < .05), and the CCK content in the serum of the 21-day-old MMG was highest (p < .05). The serum leptin levels in the 21-day-old HMG were the lowest (p < .05). The serum insulin content in the 7-day-old MMG was highest (p < .05). This study suggests that MSG plays an important role in the metabolism of sugar, fat and protein (amino acids). These results provide a theoretical basis for designing piglet feed formulations.     

味精菌体蛋白对鸡蛋白质和氨基酸利用率的影响

选用24只2 kg左右的蛋公鸡,随机分组进行4个处理,每个处理6只鸡。前3个处理分别给每只鸡强饲占体重4%的待测原料(豆粕、玉米蛋白粉和味精菌体蛋白),第4个处理作为内源对照组,测定内源排泄量,以评定味精菌体蛋白对鸡蛋白质和氨基酸利用率的影响。结果表明,味精菌体蛋白粗蛋白含量达到71.45%,分别比豆粕和玉米蛋白粉高64.03%和22.32%;味精菌体蛋白粗蛋白表观消化率和真消化率、总氨基酸表观消化率和真消化率均极显著低于豆粕和玉米蛋白粉(P<0.01);而干物质表观消化率和真消化率三者间无显著差异(P>0.05);在已测定的17种氨基酸中,除甘氨酸外,味精菌体蛋白粉其他氨基酸表观消化率和真消化率均极显著低于豆粕和玉米蛋白粉(P<0.01)。这表明味精菌体蛋白的蛋白质和氨基酸利用率低于豆粕和玉米蛋白粉。     

固态热带假丝酵母菌菌剂的发酵工艺研究

试验在单因素优化试验的基础上,采用正交试验进一步对热带假丝酵母菌固态发酵工艺进行研究,包括发酵时间、接种量、料水比、碳源、氮源、无机盐等因素,最终确定热带假丝酵母菌的固态发酵工艺。发酵条件:在自然pH值条件下,发酵温度30℃、发酵时间48 h、接种量11%、料水比1∶0.75。培养基成分:麸皮与甘油8.5∶1.5 (g/g)、尿素0.5%、磷酸二氢钾0。依照此工艺进行发酵,热带假丝酵母菌活菌数最高可达32.94×10⁸个/g。     

酿酒酵母固态发酵白酒糟生产蛋白饲料的研究

以廉价的白酒糟为主要基质,接种酿酒酵母,开展酵母高密度固体发酵的研究。最终确定了在实验室条件下以白酒糟为基质进行酵母高密度固体发酵的工艺流程为:250 ml三角瓶装入干白酒糟10 g,并补加混合营养液2 ml(以干糟质量的8%添加糖蜜,以0.5 gN/kg干糟的量添加尿素),摇匀分散,加入干糟质量4%的复合酶制剂,调整酒糟的含水量为45%~50%,按0.7亿/g干糟接种后于30℃恒温箱中发酵培养72 h,酵母总数约30亿/g干糟,烘干粉碎即可制得酵母蛋白饲料。     

固态发酵银杏叶生产蛋白饲料的研究

试验选择地衣芽孢杆菌作为发酵菌种,以粗蛋白含量为考查指标,通过L9(34)正交试验优化固态发酵银杏叶蛋白饲料工艺.结果显示,固态发酵银杏叶生产蛋白饲料的最佳工艺参数为接种量8％、含水量50％、发酵温度31℃、发酵时间84 h.经固态发酵后,银杏叶的粗蛋白、粗灰分、粗脂肪、总氨基酸含量分别提高102.16％、49.03％...     

单菌和混菌固态发酵三七渣生产蛋白饲料的动力学比较

试验对康宁木霉纯种及康宁木霉/热带假丝酵母混菌发酵三七渣生产蛋白饲料的动力学过程进行了比较分析.结果表明,与康宁木霉纯种发酵相比,康宁木霉/热带假丝酵母混菌固态发酵三七渣生产蛋白饲料无明显优势.在发酵前期,混菌发酵体系可在一定程度上促进总糖消耗,提高还原糖生成的速率;在发酵中后期,单菌发酵体系的酶活力和真蛋白质含量更高.