叶面雾滴沉积分布直接检测算法研究

提出一种基于阈值边缘提取算法和HSV颜色模型的二次分割叶片雾滴图像识别算法。通过模拟喷雾试验得到三种不同雾滴密度的叶片样本,保留叶片自身轮廓信息的同时分割叶面雾滴,计算叶面积与雾滴覆盖率关系。结果表明应用Otsu阈值边缘提取与HSV空间混合算法相对于传统的k-means聚类分割算法、动态阈值分割算法,更适用于叶面雾滴分布的识别与检测,三种覆盖密度叶片的分割准确率分别为:95.16%、94.23%、93.76%,平均准确率为94.38%;雾滴覆盖率检测相对误差分别为:2.82%、4.11%、7.59%,平均相对误差分别为4.84%。基于阈值边缘提取与HSV空间提取的混合算法可分割叶面雾滴图像并检测完整叶面上雾滴覆盖率,识别结果能够满足识别精度的要求。     

基于机器视觉的育苗穴盘定位与检测系统

针对嫁接苗自动移栽机器人,提出了一种基于器视觉的育苗穴盘定位与检测系统.该系统不仅能够确定育苗穴盘在传送带上的位置,而且能够获得各穴孔内的基质深度和三维形状信息.其方法是利用彩色图像与深度图像的注册,从彩色图像中检测穴盘轮廓,结合穴盘规格,实现深度图像中穴盘各穴孔的分割;利用分割后的深度图像对每个穴孔生成三维点云,结合最近邻算法与主成分分析算法计算各点的法向量,基于该法向量实现穴孔侧壁与穴底基质的分割,进而获得基质的深度.试验表明,该系统能够有效定位穴盘并检测基质深度,平均定位误差为3.5 mm,深度检测误差为4.9 mm,满足嫁接苗自动移栽机器人的控制要求.     

基于PLC和光电传感控制的穴盘苗自动移栽装置设计

移栽机械化设备作为育苗工厂化生产的重要设备,在提高育苗工作效率上有着重要意义。为了提高穴盘苗移栽的效率和自动化程度,设计了一种基于光电传感器和PLC编程的自动移栽装置,并在PLC控制器中嵌入了模糊控制算法,有效地提高了系统的抗干扰能力和自动化程度。该设备利用光电传感器对穴盘特征参数进行扫描,可以发现空穴盘和无穴盘的情况,并能够对穴盘苗进行定位。设计开发了试验样机,并开发了上位机和下位机控制平台,利用PLC控制器和模糊控制软件框架,实现了移栽设备的自动化移栽。试验表明:采用模糊PLC控制器,穴盘苗准确识别率和移栽成功率平均值为9 8.9%和9 9.5%,作业精度较高,可以满足现代化温室种植的需要。     

基于视差图像的重叠果实图像分割算法

为解决自动采摘视觉系统中重叠果实的分割问题,提出了基于视差图像的果实分割算法。采用双目立体视觉系统获取图像对,对图像对进行预处理和校正,通过图像对的立体匹配来获取视差图像,最后对视差图像进行分割。该算法将分割的依据和信息从二维图像的颜色、形状、纹理等扩展到三维空间的深度,对空间距离不同的目标具有较好的分割效果。实验表明,对获取的视差图像进行基于区域的分割时,其区域间灰度对比度为0.98,目标计数一致性达到0.90;进行基于边缘的分割时,其边缘检测误差为5.74%,因此,该方法对重叠果实区域的分割是有效的。     

自然环境下重叠果实图像识别算法与试验

针对非结构化自然环境中光照变化和对象重叠特征等外界因素给图像处理带来的难题,提出了一种自然环境下重叠果实的图像识别与边界分割的组合优化算法。该组合优化算法首先对原始图像进行噪声滤波处理,然后利用Sobel算子以及改进算子的最大类方差法(OTSU)来辨识重叠果实目标;接着采用K-means算法对重叠目标的像素进行聚类得到单个目标位置,再结合边缘检测结果的连通域分析及区域生长获得单个目标边界的大致区域;最后利用基于限制区域的分水岭算法,得到目标的精确边界。为了验证所提算法的有效性和适应性,进行了试验研究。试验结果表明:所提出的组合优化算法不仅可以在自然环境下从重叠物体图像背景中识别出重叠目标,而且还可以从重叠目标中分割出单个目标的精确边界。     

滑移率对吊杯式移栽机膜上穴口长度影响分析

针对2ZB-2型吊杯式移栽机在膜上移栽过程中出现的穴口长度过大的问题,通过对移栽机运动特征参数、传动比和地轮滑移率之间的关系进行推导,得到了它们之间的关系式。同时,利用Mat Lab建立了膜上穴口长度计算程序,分析了滑移率、传动比对运动特征参数和膜上栽植穴口长度的影响,得出滑移率在10%~20%范围内及移栽机结构一定的情况下,随移栽机传动比的增大,膜上穴口尺寸变化具有相同规律,即膜口尺寸表现为先减小后增大的趋势,存在最小膜上穴口尺寸,并提出了通过改变传动比的方法来减小膜上穴口长度的方案。田间试验表明:当滑移率为10%~20%、传动比为0.698~0.852时,穴口长度变化范围最小,此研究为移栽机的后续改进提供了参考。     

基于叶片形态的田间植物检测方法

利用图像处理技术方法,以田间拍摄的水稻图像为研究对象,对田间植物进行检测研究。通过改进归一化绿蓝差值指数IDNBG 与色度模型,经过分类识别、图像阈值分割等步骤,对植物叶片进行提取。利用形态学正反向组合运算实现叶片内部完整性修复;利用边界4连通链码边缘检测实现叶片边缘平滑性修复。通过对可见光条件下田间拍摄的40幅图像进行植物提取实验,植物叶片提取正确率平均可达83.07%,误分率为3.57%。对其中90条边缘线进行边界平滑修复,部分叶片边缘被平滑但使叶片提取正确率降低0.63%。对植物检测主要影响因子进行分析得出,成像条件差异易影响亮度因子;通过形态学膨胀与正反向过滤运算,露珠与病斑得到一定程度的保留,提取叶片内部形状完整;链码运算可使叶片边缘得到平滑,同时也会去除部分正确的叶片,其运算量较大。     

田间枣树叶片复杂目标图像综合分割方法

设计了一种复杂图像分割的综合算法。首先对图像进行预处理,锁定大致目标范围,对图像进行增强,再基于阈值分割和Canny算子对图像进行初步分割。然后结合形态学处理方法及各种逻辑运算对分割结果进行优化处理,得到精确完整的目标图像。以田间枣树叶片图像为例进行实验,证明了该算法的可行性和有效性。该算法对叶片重叠、叶片灰度不均匀等复杂图像都有很好的分割效果,获得了边缘清晰、平滑、定位精确的边缘图像。     

基于 PCA 和 SVM 的植物叶片分类方法研究

为了提高植物叶片识别与分类的正确率,提出了一种基于 PCA 和 SVM 的植物叶片识别方法,在对叶片图像进行分割、边缘检测后,提取10个具有旋转、比例、平移不变性的无量纲叶片特征参数,对叶片特征参数进行主成分分析,将前3个主成分作为支持向量机的输入建立模式识别模型。实验结果表明,本算法女贞、木瓜、五角枫、三角枫等4种植物叶片的识别正确率达97．22％,优于直接用特征参数作为模型输入的识别正确率,且算法具有良好的实时性。     

基于多特征融合的树干快速分割算法

针对传统的树干分割算法存在分割精度低、实时性差的问题,提出了一种融合深度特征和纹理特征的树干快速分割算法。首先,通过Realsense深度摄像头采集树干彩色图像和深度图像;随后,采用超像素算法对彩色图像进行分割,并融合深度和纹理相近的相邻超像素块,最后对深度图像进行宽度检测,并对宽度在阈值范围内的物体所属的超像素块进行色调匹配,区分树干与非树干。在室内和室外植株实验中分别运用本文算法、GrabCut算法与K-均值算法进行树干分割,本文算法的平均召回率和平均准确率分别为87. 6%和95. 0%,GrabCut算法分别为78. 0%和92. 8%,K-均值算法分别为80. 2%和89. 1%;本文算法平均耗时为0. 20 s,GrabCut算法为0. 66 s,K-均值算法为4. 42 s。实验结果表明,本文算法的快速分割效果较好,在保证分割精度的同时,简化了识别过程,加快了分割速度,能够应用于室内和室外树干的分割。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。