辐照对鲜食核桃发芽率与胚芽内源激素含量的影

为探讨辐照对鲜核桃的抑芽效果及胚芽内源激素与其萌发的关系,以辽河4号鲜核桃为试材,用不同剂量~(60)Co γ射线处理后,研究了常温(20±3)℃下和(0±1)℃冷藏30d后再于(27±1)℃温度下贮藏核桃的发芽率及0、0.1、1.0kGy剂量处理核桃胚芽中内源激素含量的变化规律.结果显示,两种贮藏条件下,对照样品胚芽分别在20d和12d萌发,萌发时内源激素ABA(脱落酸)含量下降,GA_3(赤霉素)、IAA(生长素)、ZR(玉米素核苷)含量及w(GA_3)/w(ABA)、w(IAA)/w(ABA)和w(ZR)/w(ABA)的比值增加,以对照样品减幅和增幅最大.表明内源激素ABA对鲜核桃胚芽萌发起抑制作用,GA_3、IAA和ZR起促进作用; 0.05kGy剂量辐照处理即可完全抑制鲜核桃胚芽的萌发.     

鸡蛋贮藏期间品质特征变化的研究

禽蛋在贮藏期间内,随着保存时间的延长,鸡蛋内部品质会发生一系列的变化,概括起来分为3个方面,鸡蛋内容物的物理化学变化、胚胎的生理学变化和微生物引起的腐败变质。本文探讨了鸡蛋在贮藏期间产生各种变化的影响因素,变化发生过程和规律,最后产生的结果。并根据这些变化,指出了目前常用的检测方法的研究,为以后研究禽蛋无损检测提供理论基础。     

水分胁迫对鲜食葡萄果实品质影响的研究进展

科学有效的灌溉方式对鲜食葡萄生长发育以及水资源的集约利用具有重要意义。针对目前我国鲜食葡萄研究现状,在查阅大量国内外文献的基础上,系统地总结了水分胁迫对鲜食葡萄果实外观和内在品质的影响,并就其研究进展提出展望,为我国设施栽培葡萄种植制定合理、科学的水分管理模式提供一定的实践和理论依据。      

60Coγ射线辐照对鲜食核桃采后膜脂过氧化作用的影响

为探索60Coγ射线辐照对鲜食核桃冷藏期间膜脂过氧化作用的影响,以辽核4号核桃品种为试材,经0、0.1、0.5、1.0和5.0 kGy剂量的60Coγ射线辐照,采用0.03 mm厚聚乙烯(PE)袋包装后在(0±1)℃下贮藏,定期测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、脂氧合酶(LOX)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量、好果率及感官品质等指标.结果表明,以5.0 kGy剂量处理能显著地加剧核桃衰老进程;0.5 kGy剂量辐照处理则明显提高了鲜食核桃冷藏期间的SOD、CAT活性,降低了MDA的积累,抑制了POD、LOX活性,从而减缓了其膜脂过氧化作用,极显著地提高了其好果率及感官品质,因此0.5 kGy为鲜食核桃贮藏期90 d内的较佳辐照剂量.     

不同鲜食大豆品种在赤峰地区的适应性评价

近年来,内蒙古赤峰地区大力发展鲜食大豆种植产业。考虑到赤峰地区气候条件现状和为了确保当地鲜食大豆产量,该文对11个鲜食大豆品种在赤峰地区适应性进行评价,进而探究鲜食大豆的高产栽培技术。      

鲜食玉米果穗外观品质分级的计算机视觉方法

在HSI颜色模型下,通过计算机视觉检测技术实现对鲜食玉米果穗外观品质分级.提出垂直投影法确定秃尖位置并去除秃尖.对H值进行双向一次微分运算以实现缺陷的识别.在此基础上获取果穗缺陷比、穗长、果穗最大直径、长宽比和矩形度作为外观品质特征参数,并以此为输入向量构建广义回归神经网络对果穗外观品质分级.试验结果表明:秃尖位置、穗长和果穗最大直径的平均误差分别为2.27 mm、1.96 mm和0.54 mm,缺陷误判率为3.00%,分级平均准确率为95.91%.     

鲜食玉米果穗外观品质分级的计算机视觉方法

在HSI颜色模型下,通过计算机视觉检测技术实现对鲜食玉米果穗外观品质分级。提出垂直投影法确定秃尖位置并去除秃尖。对H值进行双向一次微分运算以实现缺陷的识别。在此基础上获取果穗缺陷比、穗长、果穗最大直径、长宽比和矩形度作为外观品质特征参数,并以此为输入向量构建广义回归神经网络对果穗外观品质分级。试验结果表明：秃尖位置、穗长和果穗最大直径的平均误差分别为2.27mm、1.96mm和0.54mm,缺陷误判率为3.00%,分级平均准确率为     

玉米不同耐密植品种茎秆穿刺强度的变化特征

以耐密抗倒性不同的品种（稀植大穗品种JK 518和JK 519、耐密抗倒品种XY335和CS 1;中等耐密品种ND 108）为材料,设5个密度处理,研究玉米茎秆的穿刺强度（RPS）的变化特点及其对群体种植密度的响应。结果表明玉米茎秆穿刺强度随生育期递进而增强,不同耐密性品种间随种植密度变化有较大差异。茎秆基部节间的穿刺强度随群体密度增加呈线性递减。茎秆节间RPS随着节位的上升而呈二次函数递减;不同耐密性品种间RPS以抽雄-吐丝期差异明显,以穗位以下节间,尤其第3～6节间表现差异较大。玉米抽雄前茎壁增厚早、     

不同品种番茄风味品质分析

对20个品种番茄果实的风味品质性状进行测定。结果表明:成熟的番茄果实内含有果糖和葡萄糖,而不含有蔗糖;有机酸主要是苹果酸和柠檬酸;番茄品种间p H值的变异最小,硬度、干物质量、可溶性固形物的变异较小,而有机酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸以及果糖和葡萄糖的变异较大。     

热空气处理对中华寿桃贮藏品质的影响

为了抑制桃子在低温冷藏中由于冷害导致的品质下降,以中华寿桃为试材,研究了热空气处理对桃子采后贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,适宜的热空气处理可以抑制中华寿桃因冷害导致的果肉褐变以及酸度、食用脆度的降低,有利于保持桃子风味和防止果肉变绵,对保持果实品质,具有较好的效果。该处理延缓了褐变相关酶——多酚氧化酶的上升,推迟了酶活性峰值的出现,但对桃子香味的保持无明显效果。热空气处理中华寿桃的较好条件为：48℃,4 h。     

低温贮藏对控制菠萝黑心病和保持品质的影响

为了控制黑心病的发生、保持鲜食菠萝的品质,考察了低温贮藏对主栽品种“巴厘”菠萝黑心病和主要品质指标的影响及其相关机理。将菠萝分别贮藏于(8±1)℃和(12±1)℃,以室温（26～30℃）为对照。与常温贮藏相比,在23 d贮藏期内,2种低温贮藏均显著降低了菠萝黑心病的发病程度,减少了菠萝果实的质量损失,提高了菠萝果实的维生素C（Vc）和可滴定酸（TA）含量,延缓菠萝果实的可溶性固形物（TSS）含量的下降。以(8±1)℃贮藏效果较好。低温贮藏还降低了贮藏期间超氧阴离子（O2－）产生速率,抑制菠萝果实中脂氧合酶（LOX）活性的升高和丙二醛（MDA）的积累。这些结果表明,低温贮藏抑制菠萝黑心病、保持果实品质与降低膜脂过氧化程度及延缓衰老有关。     

水利工程冬季施工技术及质量控制

对于水利工程施工建设来说,冬天混凝土施工一直都是工程中的难题.而水利施工过程中的质量控制也是整个水利施工过程中最为重要的.文章主要探讨水利工程施工中的冬季混凝土施工技术以及工程质量控制.     

Response of citrus trees to deficit irrigation during different phenological periods in relation to yield, fruit quality, and water productivity

Four strategies of deficit irrigation based on a different water-stress ratio (WSR) applied in each phenological stage, and a control treatment were implemented in 11-year-old citrus trees (Citrus sinensis L. Osb. Cv. Navelina) grafted onto carrizo citrange (C. sinensis L. Osb. × Poncirus Trifoliata L. Osb.). The midday stem-water potential and stomatal conductance were measured during the periods considered, and these parameters were used to estimate the plant-water status. Integrated stem-water potential (Ψ_Int) and integrated stomatal conductance (g_Int) were calculated for all treatments and used as a water-stress indicator for the crop. Reference equations were formulated to quantify the relations between water-stress indicators (WSR, Ψ_Int, g_Int) and the crop response, expressed as yield, yield components, and fruit-quality parameters under limited seasonal water availability. Significant differences in yield were found in the second year of experiment between the stressed treatments and control, although these differences were evident during the first year. The main effects were detected in treatments with a water-sever stress applied during the flowering and fruit-growth phases. When this degree of stress was applied during the maturity phase, it was reflected mainly in fruit-quality parameters (total soluble solids, and titrable acidity). These results lead to the conclusion that, in mature orange trees, deficit irrigation affects yield and fruit quality, while enabling water savings of up to 1000 m³ ha⁻¹. Therefore, yield declined on average 10-12% but boosted water productivity 24% with respect to the fully irrigated treatment. Regarding the water-stress indicators used, Ψ_Int and g_Int showed highly significant correlations with the yield and fruit-quality parameters.     

科学技术是农产品质量控制的根本保证

文章认为农产品质量控制过程研究是世界各国政府和科学家共同关心的重大问题,是农业产业结构调整的需要,是提升产品质量与保障质量安全的需要,特别是我国加入WTO后的需要;同时提出了加速繁殖优质品种、严格控制各种污染、加强与之相关的基础与关键技术研究的作物产品质量控制过程研究的可能途径。     

不同灌水和光强条件下小粒咖啡叶片光响应及光合生理特征

为探明小粒咖啡水分和光照耦合管理模式, 采用盆栽试验,研究3个灌水水平(W_H:高水;W_M:中水;W_L:低水)和3个光强水平(S₀:不遮阴;S₁:轻度遮阴;S₂:重度遮阴)对小粒咖啡叶片光响应曲线、光合、蒸腾及气孔导度等生理指标的影响.结果表明:遮阴对小粒咖啡叶片的叶绿素及胡萝卜素含量的影响大于灌水,与不遮阴相比,增大遮阴强度使叶绿素总量和叶绿素b分别增大13.53%~260.21%和31.10%~412.91%;不遮阴和轻度遮阴时,与低水相比,增大灌水量使叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素总量分别增大13.30%~110.65%,92.11%~148.36%和39.85%~124.30%;不遮阴和轻度遮阴时,与低水相比,增大灌水量提高最大净光合速率26.61%~185.27%;而重度遮阴时,增大灌水量使最大净光合速率先增大后减少,中水和低水时,与不遮阴相比,增大遮阴强度使最大净光合速率增大10.73%~103.73%;不同灌水和光强条件下咖啡叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率以及气孔导度日变化均呈双峰型,与不遮阴相比,增大遮阴强度使叶片日均净光合速率和日均气孔导度分别增大12.36%~57.74%和4.56%~42.66%,而降低日均蒸腾速率;与低水相比,日均气孔导度和净光合速率随着灌水量增大而显著增大;轻度遮阴和高水组合水分利用效率最大,同时光能利用效率和最大净光合速率最大,S₁W_H为小粒咖啡水光高效利用组合.     

绿洲灌区膜下滴灌调亏对辣椒品质及产量的影响

为揭示滴灌水分亏缺对辣椒营养品质及产量的影响,以"陇椒6号"为对象,在辣椒苗期分别施加轻度(65％～75％田间持水量)、中度(55％～65％田间持水量)和重度水分调亏(45％～55％田间持水量),在盛果期和后果期分别施加轻度水分亏缺,以全生育期充分供水(75％～85％田间持水量)为对照,分别测定各水分处理辣椒青果营养品...     

不同水分处理对茄子生长与产量品质的影响

为指导日光温室节水灌溉和增产,以京茄一号为对象,控制灌水下限为田间持水率(FC)的90％(T1),80％(T2),70％ (T3),60％ (T4),在日光温室内研究了滴灌条件下不同水分处理对茄子冠层发育、根系生长、果实产量及品质的影响.结果表明:株高、茎粗、叶面积和地上部干重均随着土壤水分下限的降低呈先增大后减小的趋势,T2(80％FC)大于其他3个处理.茄子根系主要分布在0 ～40 cm土层,随着深度的增加迅速减少,不同处理总根长密度和总根表面积密度均随灌水下限降低呈下降趋势.T2处理产量最高,分别为T1的1.03倍、T3的1.13倍、T4的1.14倍,不同处理之间差异无统计学意义.土壤含水率过高或过低会降低果实中的粗纤维质量分数和硝态氮质量分数,较高的土壤水分下限有利于果实中氨基酸的形成,而还原性VC质量分数随着土壤水分下限的降低而降低.灌水下限为80％ FC时对茄子的生长最为有利,该处理下冠层发育、根系生长、果实产量及品质均处于较高水平.     

Determination of comprehensive quality index for tomato and its response to different irrigation treatments

In order to investigate better irrigation scheduling with the compromise between yield and quality of greenhouse-grown tomato under limit water supply, two experiments of different irrigation treatments were conducted in the arid region of northwest China during spring to summer in 2008 (2008 season) and winter in 2008 to summer in 2009 (2008-2009 season). After measuring single quality attributes, the analysis hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) were used to determine the weight of single quality attributes and comprehensive quality index, respectively. The results show that the rank of comprehensive quality index had good fitness to that of single quality attributes, indicating that the comprehensive quality index was reliable. Compared to full irrigation, applying 1/3 or 2/3 of full irrigation amount at the seedling stage had slight improvement of comprehensive quality and limit water saving. Applying 1/3 or 2/3 of full irrigation amount at the fruit maturation and harvesting stage decreased the yield by 23.0-40.9%, but had the best comprehensive quality. However, applying 1/3 of full irrigation amount at the flowering and fruit development stage significantly reduced crop water consumption and had obvious improvement of comprehensive quality, but did not decrease the yield significantly and water use efficiency in the 2008 season. And applying 2/3 of full irrigation amount at the flowering and fruit development stage significantly decreased crop water consumption and slightly improved the comprehensive quality, but did not decrease the yield significantly in the 2008-2009 season. Considering the water saving amount, yield and comprehensive quality, applying 1/3 or 2/3 of full irrigation amount at the flowering and fruit development stage and no water stress in other growth stages appears to be a better irrigation scheduling with the compromise between yield and quality of greenhouse-grown tomato, which can be recommended for the spring to summer and winter to summer seasons in the arid region of northwest China.     

不同喷灌水氮组合对马铃薯耗水、产量和品质的影响

为了探讨黑龙江省克山县圆形喷灌机条件下不同水氮组合对马铃薯的耗水规律、产量和品质的影响,同时确定节水、节肥、高产目标下适宜的水氮组合方式,试验设置了2个灌水水平:灌水总量W1(80 mm)和W2(100 mm);4个追氮量水平:F1(45 kg/hm²),F2(56.6 kg/hm²),F3(70 kg/hm²)和F4(86.6 kg/hm²);2个施氮频次:C1为块茎膨大期1次施入,C2为块茎膨大期分2次施入,并选择雨养区作为对照.结果表明:马铃薯全生育期耗水量为313~332 mm,块茎膨大期耗水量最大,占全生育期耗水总量63.4%~66.0%,幼苗期和块茎形成期是需水关键期,应结合马铃薯生长状况和当地雨水情况,适当进行补充灌溉;相比于其余处理,W2F4C2处理产量最高,达到46 525 kg/hm²;不同水氮组合间马铃薯的淀粉、维生素C、粗蛋白含量及商品薯率无显著差异,粗蛋白含量随着施氮量的增加呈现先降低后升高的趋势.综合比较,建议在黑龙江半湿润地区,可采用高水(100 mm)高肥(86.6 kg/hm²)高频次(块茎膨大期分2次施入)的方案.