禽蛋孵化温度的PLC控制

禽蛋孵化过程中,孵化温度决定被孵化胚胎的生长、发育和活力.只有在适宜的温度下才能保证胚胎的正常发育,温度过高或者过低都对胚胎的发育有害,严重时会造成胚胎的死亡.为了获得良好的孵化环境,本文介绍基于PLC的禽蛋孵化温度控制系统.PLC是在继电接触器逻辑控制基础上发展而来的,是以微处理器技术为基础,综合了计算机技术、自动化技术以及通讯技术的一种新型自动化控制装置.由于其编程简单、工作可靠、组合灵活、运行迅速、维修方便以及可在生产现场直接输入输出信号等优点.     

基于声学特性的禽蛋裂纹实时在线检测系统

设计了一套基于数字信号处理器DSP(TMS320F2812)的禽蛋裂纹在线检测系统,系统以禽蛋声学特性为基础,通过采集并分析敲击禽蛋产生的响应信号,可实现禽蛋裂纹的在线、实时检测.根据大量完好和裂纹禽蛋敲击响应信号特征的差异,提取了5个特征参数,建立相应判别模型,快速检测裂纹禽蛋.系统对75个完好和95个裂纹鸡蛋进行了在线检测试验,判对率分别为92.0％和90.5％,检测速率为5个/s,满足在线检测的要求.     

禽蛋蛋壳裂纹在线检测系统设计

基于声学响应信号分析方法设计了一款禽蛋蛋壳裂纹在线检测系统,该系统包括运动控制模块和声学信号采集与分析模块。该系统可实现对在线输送鸡蛋的多次自动敲击与音频信号采集。试验结果显示,该模型的完好蛋检测准确率为92%,裂纹蛋检测准确率为100%。该禽蛋蛋壳检测系统对蛋壳裂纹识别具有较高的检测率和稳定性,可满足实际应用需求。      

禽蛋跌落冲击试验台设计

以传感器、气力装置、电荷放大器、数据采集卡、计算机为主要部件,设计了一套冲击试验台,用来测量禽蛋跌落冲击时的冲击力和冲击时间。该装置可对鸡蛋进行固定和释放,获取冲击信号,对信号进行放大、滤波和数据采集,并保存相关数据,供后续研究     

禽蛋跌落冲击试验台设计

以传感器、气力装置、电荷放大器、数据采集卡、计算机为主要部件,设计了一套冲击试验台,用来测量禽蛋跌落冲击时的冲击力和冲击时间。该装置可对鸡蛋进行固定和释放,获取冲击信号,对信号进行放大、滤波和数据采集,并保存相关数据,供后续研究。     

基于单片机的仓库温湿度监控系统设计

本文是基于单片机的仓库温湿度监控系统,该系统克服了传统装置的不足之处,由信号采集、信号分析和信号处理三个部分组成的,是一种造价低廉、使用方便简单,且测量准确的温湿度测量装置。     

禽蛋裂纹检测敲击装置力学分析与结构优化

为了增强敲击响应信号对禽蛋蛋壳裂纹信息的感知能力,提高禽蛋裂纹检测的准确性,分析了敲击装置的力学模型,并以此为依据优化设计激励棒的结构参数和检测条件。力学分析发现,禽蛋的激振力脉冲形态与激励棒质量、棒头刚度和敲击速度有关;优化后的激励棒质量应小于5.6 g,棒头采用尼龙材质;建立了冲击力能量与激励棒质量和敲击速度之间的相互关系,并建立了瞬态冲击过程的数学模型。试验结果表明,优化后激励棒对完好蛋激振力脉冲的稳定性较好,与所建立数学模型的相关系数均达到0.92以上;产生的力信号频带能覆盖禽蛋固有频率且具有足够的激振能量,有利于提高完好蛋与裂纹蛋的可区分性和响应信号的信噪比。     

ZY-0.75射流式增氧机自动控制系统

射流式增氧机自动控制系统包括:溶氧量和温度的采集处理、键盘与LCD的显示、增氧泵的驱动和监控、声光报警系统等装置。该系统能连续测量水中的溶氧量,并根据用户对测量阈值的设定自动开启或关闭增氧机,在测控过程中进行温度补偿和数据处理,有效地提高了监控精度。     

基于特高频法变压器局部放电在线监测系统

基于特高频法局部放电在线监测系统,具有测量灵敏度高、抗干扰能力强、智能化程度高、安装方便等优点,可实时监控变压器绝缘状况,及时发出异常告警信号,对保证设备安全运行具有十分重要作用。系统运行后,人为注入信号进行试验,结果表明该系统能准确预警变压器本体及套管局部放电信号,为变压器特高频法局部放电在线检测和智能化诊断技术应用积累了大量数据和运行经验。     

深松机耕地深度测量监控系统研究

针对深松机在深耕过程中有人为调整降低耕地深度、骗取国家补贴等问题,设计深松机耕深测量监控系统,搭建测量监控系统的硬件平台,开发相关的软件和通信子系统。利用加速度传感器对深松铲入土前后深松架前臂在竖直方向角度进行测量,通过内部模型计算实际耕深,给出耕深的计算模型,并通过工业相机监控深松铲的工作状况,通过3G网络进行耕深数据和监控画面的传输,最后在大田里进行测试。测试结果表明,该监控系统可以实时给出深松机耕地过程中实际耕深,并且能够监控深松机的实时深耕过程,具有很好的实际意义和推广应用价值。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。