中药复合添加剂对母猪哺乳性能的影响

86头哺乳母猪,随机分成两组,对照组喂基础饲粮,试验组产后10日内在基础饲粮中添加2.5％的中药复合增乳添加剂。结果表明,试验组仔猪20日龄窝重和35日龄断奶窝重分别提高25.59％和25.9％(P<0.01),仔猪断奶个体重提高18.56％(P<0.01),哺乳期平均日增重提高22.76％(P<0.05),哺乳期仔猪成活率提高8个百分点(P<0.01)。     

九鼎三段宝饲料在养猪生产中的应用研究

选用23头长白母猪及其所产仔猪,分别研究了九鼎母猪宝、乳猪宝和小猪宝饲料在母猪、乳猪和小猪生产中的应用效果。结果显示,母猪产活仔数提高20%(P<0.05),死胎率降低5.74%,断奶均重提高11.62%(P<0.05),平均日增重提高13.36%(P<0.05),哺乳期仔猪成活率提高1.44%(P>0.05)。处理组母猪的配种间隔天数比对照组降低1.28d(P>0.05)。35日龄时,处理组仔猪的平均日增重比对照组提高11.28%(P<0.05),腹泻率降低1.99%(P>0.05),成活率提高1.4%(P>0.05),料重比降低0.19(P<0.05)。63日龄时,处理组乳猪的平均日增重比对照组提高13.77%(P<0.05),料重比降低0.17(P<0.05)。98日龄时,处理组的平均日增重比对照组提高4.9%(P<0.05),料重比降低0.35(P<0.05)。断奶至98日龄,处理组的全程料重比比对照组降低0.32(P<0.05),每头猪的饲料费用和饲料成本分别降低5.01%和13.81%。     

基础日粮添加蜂胶对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验选用50头"杜长大"三元杂交断奶仔猪为材料.随机分为对照组和试验组,研究蜂胶对断奶仔猪腹泻率、平均日增重和料重比等生产性能的影响.对照组只饲喂仔猪基础日粮,试验组则在基础日粮中添加蜂胶,试验为期30d.研究结果表明,与对照组相比较,试验组仔猪的平均日增重提高19.28%(P<0.05),而腹泻率下降21.74%(P<0.01),料重比降低了15.34%(P<0.05).因此,在断奶仔猪日粮中添加适量的蜂胶对仔猪生长性能和防病功能是有益的.     

当归对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

为研究在断奶仔猪日粮中添加当归对其生长性能的影响,本研究选取某规模化猪场体况较好的“杜×长×大”三元杂交断奶仔猪30头,随机分为两组,每组15头,对照组断奶仔猪饲喂基础日粮,试验组断奶仔猪喂给的日粮是在基础日粮中添加1%当归后形成的试验日粮,饲喂14 d。结果显示,试验组断奶仔猪的末重和料重比均显著优于对照组断奶仔猪的(P<0.05),试验组断奶仔猪的平均日增重和每日平均采食量较对照组断奶仔猪的有增加,但是差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验表明,在断奶仔猪日粮中添加1%当归有助于提高其生长性能,可在生产上推广使用。     

液态饲料对断奶仔猪的饲喂效果试验

旨在探讨饲喂液体饲料对断奶仔猪生长性能及养殖效益的影响。将3 180只断奶仔猪随机分为试验组(n=1690)和对照组(n=1490)。试验组仔猪断乳后不同时间饲喂不同配比的液态饲料,对照组按常规方法饲喂仔猪专用颗粒料。观察、记录并比较试验组和对照组仔猪断奶后不同时间的日平均采食量、周平均净增重、试验期间的耗料量、料肉比、成活率,并比较2组的养殖效益。结果表明,断奶第1周至第5周,试验组仔猪的日平均采食量比对照组提高10.45%~20.05%,试验组仔猪的周平均净增重比对照组提高7.75%~13.61%;试验组仔猪的成活率较对照组提高0.81%,料肉比较对照组降低0.10;试验组仔猪的每千克增重成本较对照组降低0.57元(6.74%)。综上提示,饲喂液态饲料能够减少断奶仔猪的应激反应、增加采食量、提高生长速度和成活率、降低养殖成本,具有一定的推广应用潜力。     

粉渣酸化料对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

本试验旨在研究粉渣酸化料对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响。试验采用单因子随机分组设计,选取30日龄三元杂交(杜×长×大)仔猪96头,随机分成4组(对照组和试验1、2、3组),每组3个重复,分别饲喂含0、1%、3%、6%粉渣酸化料的日粮,试验为期5周。结果表明:试验2组、试验3组与对照组相比日均采食量显著提高(P<0.05);与对照组相比,试验1组、2组和3组平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),而腹泻指数显著降低(P<0.05)。可见粉渣酸化料可提高断奶仔猪生产性能,饲料中添加2%的粉渣酸化料效果较理想。     

在日粮中添加“黄芪多糖”预防仔猪早期断奶应激综合征的试验报告

为了探讨黄芪多糖对断奶仔猪的影响,本试验在早期断奶仔猪(25日龄)的日粮中按1g/kg添加黄芪多糖饲喂12d。结果:60日龄时试验组成活率达到100%,比对照组的83.9%提高16.1个百分点;平均日增重,试验组仔猪为0.32kg,比对照组的0.205kg提高56.1%;试验组料重比为1.78∶1,对照组为2.78∶1。本次试验结果显示,在早期断奶仔猪的日粮中添加黄芪多糖,能降低仔猪断奶应激综合证,提高仔猪平均日增重和饲料利用率,增强仔猪免疫力提高成活率。     

复合酶制剂对早期断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

试验研究了复合酶制剂对96头(35±2)日龄断奶仔猪生长性能的影响。试验采用单因子设计,在相同基础日粮中分别添加0、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的复合酶制剂组成4种日粮。5周饲养试验结果表明:加酶饲粮可明显提高早期断奶仔猪日增重,降低料重比,并能促进仔猪健康,提高经济效益。其中以0.5%酶制剂组添加效果最好,与对照组相比,平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),料重比降低15.0%,腹泻频率降低29.7%,每千克增重成本降低0.48元,头均毛利提高26.36元。     

日粮中添加蛋白酶对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态和消化酶的影响

为研究日粮中添加蛋白酶对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道形态和消化酶活性的影响,试验采用单因子完全随机试验设计,将50头28日龄断奶仔猪随机分为两组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加0.1%复合蛋白酶制剂。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组断奶仔猪的平均日增重提高5.1%,料重比降低4.67%;试验组空肠的绒毛高度(VH)显著提高40.66μm(P<0.05),且绒毛隐窝比值提高了9.94%(P<0.05);试验组空肠的蛋白酶活性、淀粉酶活性均极显著升高,分别提高了2.89U/mL和23.25U/mL(P<0.01)。综上所述,在饲料中添加蛋白酶明显提高了仔猪的日增重,降低了料重比和成本,且促进了肠道绒毛和隐窝结构的发育和肠道消化酶的活性,改善了仔猪的生长性能。     

添加色氨酸、诱食剂对断奶仔猪生产性能和腹泻的影响

试验研究添加色氨酸和诱食剂对早期断奶仔猪生产性能和腹泻的影响。选择(23±1)日龄断奶的初始体重为(6.0±0.5)kg的48头PIC仔猪,随机分为4组(1个对照组、3个试验组)。对照组饲喂对照饲粮,试验1￣3组分别饲喂添加0.05%的色氨酸饲粮、添加0.02%的香味剂饲粮和添加0.02%的甜味剂饲粮,试验期为28d。结果表明:①在整个试验期内,与对照组相比,添加甜味剂显著提高仔猪的日采食量和日增重(P<0.05),显著降低仔猪的料肉比(P<0.05),使腹泻指数降低74.07%。②与对照组相比,添加色氨酸显著提高仔猪的日采食量和日增重(P<0.05);有降低料肉比的趋势(P>0.05),未降低腹泻指数。③与对照组相比,添加香味剂使采食量、日增重显著降低(P<0.05),料肉比显著增加(P<0.05),腹泻指数降低5.56%。④添加甜味剂与添加色氨酸在提高断奶仔猪采食量上差异不显著(P>0.05),但是添加甜味剂组仔猪的日增重显著高于添加色氨酸组的仔猪(P<0.05),并且前者的料肉比显著低于后者(P<0.05)。添加甜味剂组仔猪的腹泻指数比添加色氨酸组仔猪低75.0%。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …