表达猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GP5蛋白基因重组犬2型腺病毒的构建及鉴定

为构建表达猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)GP5蛋白的重组犬2型腺病毒(CAV-2),本研究将PRRSV GP5蛋白基因表达盒连接于E3区部分缺失的CAV-2全基因组重组质粒pPolyⅡ-CAV-2中,构建重组质粒pPoly-Ⅱ-CAV-2-GP5。并采用PmeⅠ和AscⅠ双酶切和脂质体介导法,将其转染MDCK细胞,获得重组病毒rCAV-2-GP5,经酶切鉴定显示该重组病毒含有目的基因。经RT-PCR检测表明,rCAV-2-GP5能够转录相应GP5蛋白基因mRNA;western blot检测证实GP5蛋白在MDCK细胞中得到表达。体外连续传30代检测表明,rCAV-2-GP5具有良好的遗传稳定性。本实验为PRRSV新型疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GP5蛋白-重组犬1型腺病毒构建及在猪体内免疫特性

本试验根据猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)基因组GP5蛋白的免疫原性,将PRRSV河北分离株GP5基因的表达盒克隆到犬1型腺病毒的感染性基因组的复制非必需区内,转染MDCK细胞,获得了重组病毒,免疫新生仔猪,分别在免疫后0～12周采集血清,通过ELISA检测证明,猪体同时产生了针对犬1型腺病毒和PRRSVGP5的抗体.说明GP5-重组犬1型腺病毒具有作为蓝耳病疫苗的潜力.     

Absent expression of collagen XVII (BPAG2, BP180) in canine familial localized junctional epidermolysis bullosa

Hereditary junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) represents a subset of mechanobullous diseases associated with defective hemidesmosome/anchoring filament proteins leading to cleavage in the lamina lucida of the epidermal basement membrane. In humans, most cases of JEB have been related to a deficiency of either laminin-5, collagen XVII (BPAG2, BP180) or integrin β4.
We describe the existence of a previously unreported form of familial localized non-lethal JEB in German Shorthaired Pointer littermates. Acral, auricular and oral erosions and ulcers were observed. Severe ulceration of the footpads was present.
Skin biopsy specimens of non-lesional and lesional skin of affected dogs were screened for a defect in basement membrane proteins using indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase testing. Epidermal staining for laminin-5 and integrin α6β4 was similar in affected and normal control dogs. Lack of expression of collagen XVII was uniquely identified in all sections of JEB probands compared with normal control dogs.
The defective expression of collagen XVII is likely to be caused by mutation(s) of the COL17A1 gene, as previously reported in humans. This is, to date, the first report of a deficient basement membrane protein in canine JEB.     

Immunohistochemical evaluation of prostaglandin E2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in canine cutaneous mast cell tumours

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE-2) appear to play a critical role in tumour neovascularization. In this study, we have investigated the expression of VEGF and PGE-2 in 53 canine cutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs). Immunohistochemistry of tissue sections revealed that VEGF and PGE-2 were expressed in all mast cell tumours studied. When the expression patterns of VEGF and PGE-2 were compared with tumour grade according to Patnaik criteria, the only significant correlation observed was between PGE-2 staining intensity and tumour pathological grade, with grade II and III tumours having higher PGE-2 staining, both in intensity and percentage of cells stained, than grade I tumours ( P < 0.05).     

犬瘟热病毒A株核衣壳蛋白基因的克隆、表达及特性分析

根据GenBank中A75／14株犬瘟热病毒（CDV）核衣壳蛋白（N）基因的核苷酸序列设计合成一对引物，经RT-PCRgA病毒总RNA中扩增出1600bp的N基因，将其克隆于pMD18-T载体对其进行序列分析。结果表明A株CDV与其它毒株N基因序列的同源性较高。将N基因定向克隆于原核表达栽体pPROEXX^TM HT，用重组质粒pPROEX^TM HT-N转化感受态E．coli DH5a细胞，用IPTG于37℃诱导表达了分子量约63Ku的重组N蛋白，占菌体总蛋白18％。经Western blot分析证实所表达的重组N蛋白具反应活性，将表达产物用ProBond^TM纯化试剂盒进行了纯化。用所获得的重组蛋白免疫家兔制备的多克隆抗体可与CDV全病毒发生特异性反应，经琼扩试验测定其效价为1：16。本实验为下一步用重组N蛋白作为诊断用抗原，建立特异的CDV抗体检测方法奠定了基础。     

Cloning and expression analysis of prohibitin mRNA in canine mammary tumors

Prohibitin is an antiproliferative protein that is a product of a putative tumor suppressor gene. However, there is little information on prohibitins in companion animals. In this study, we cloned canine prohibitin mRNA using RT-PCR and 3′-RACE (Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends). The sequence was well conserved compared with those of other mammals, including human. The deduced amino acid sequence translated from the open reading frame completely corresponded to the human sequence. Canine prohibitin mRNA was expressed in all normal mammary and tumor samples examined. These results suggest that this protein plays a vital role in cell growth mechanisms and may be related to the occurrence of canine mammary tumors.     

表达虎源H_5N_1亚型禽流感病毒NP蛋白重组犬2型腺病毒的构建及鉴定

将A/Tiger/Harbin/132/2007(H5N1)的NP基因克隆入pVAX1载体中,然后将含有NP基因的表达盒(CMV+NP+PolyA)克隆入pVAXE3的SspⅠ酶切缺失处,获得含有NP基因表达盒的穿梭载体pVAXΔE3-NP。用SalⅠ+NruⅠ分别对pVAXΔE3-NP和pPoly-2-CAV-2进行双酶切,将含有NP基因表达盒的片段定向克隆入pPoly-2-CAV-2,获得在E3区缺失处插入NP基因表达盒的重组质粒pCAV-2-NP。释放CAV-2-NP重组基因组,脂质体介导转染DK细胞,获得了能使DK细胞产生典型腺病毒样细胞病变的CAV-2-NP重组病毒。从形态学、基因组水平、NP基因的转录、NP蛋白的表达以及重组病毒的生长特征等方面进行鉴定。结果表明,CAV-2-NP具有典型的CAV-2形态特征,在繁殖过程中没有对H5N1NP表达盒片段进行缺失或重排,并且能够转录H5N1NP基因的mRNA,ELISA和免疫荧光分析表明重组表达产物可被流感病毒NP基因单克隆抗体1G6G4所识别。     

犬瘟热病毒融合蛋白、血凝蛋白、基质蛋白和核衣壳蛋白基因DNA联合免疫的研究

为研究犬瘟热病毒(CDV)融合蛋白(F)、血凝蛋白(H)、基质膜蛋白(M)和核衣壳蛋白(N)基因核酸联合免疫的效力,本研究分别构建了表达经哺乳动物密码子优化的CDV F、H、M和N蛋白基因的真核重组表达质粒p CAGG-CDVF、p CAGG-CDVH、p CAGG-CDVM和p CAGG-CDVN;将其分别转染BHK-21细胞后通过间接免疫荧光试验表明,目的蛋白均获得正确表达。此外,将等量混合的重组质粒p CAGG-CDVF、p CAGG-CDVH、p CAGG-CDVM(3组份DNA疫苗)或重组质粒p CAGG-CDVF、p CAGG-CDVH、p CAGG-CDVM、p CAGG-CDVN(4组份DNA疫苗),分别以500μg/只经肌肉注射途径免疫A组(6只)或B组(6只)比格犬,间隔4周以相同剂量、途径加强免疫一次,并于初次免疫前、后不同时间检测血清CDV中和抗体。中和试验结果显示,A组和B组免疫犬,二免4周时,CDV中和抗体滴度平均值达到峰值,分别为6 log2和5.64 log2;在初免54周时,CDV中和抗体滴度均仍然维持5 log2。因此,3组份DNA疫苗为具有良好应用前景的犬瘟热候选疫苗。     

Efficacy of an inactivated,recombinant bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) vaccine

Bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) is the causative agent of bovine herpetic encephalitis. In countries where BoHV-5 is prevalent, attempts to vaccinate cattle to prevent clinical signs from BoHV-5-induced disease have relied essentially on vaccination with BoHV-1 vaccines. However, such practice has been shown not to confer full protection to BoHV-5 challenge. In the present study, an inactivated, oil adjuvanted vaccine prepared with a recombinant BoHV-5 from which the genes coding for glycoprotein I (gI), glycoprotein E (gE) and membrane protein US9 were deleted (BoHV-5 gI/gE/US9⁻), was evaluated in cattle in a vaccination/challenge experiment. The vaccine was prepared from a virus suspension containing a pre-inactivation antigenic mass equivalent to 10^7.69 TCID₅₀/dose. Three mL of the inactivated vaccine were administered subcutaneously to eight calves serologically negative for BoHV-5 (vaccinated group). Four other calves were mock-vaccinated with an equivalent preparation without viral antigens (control group). Both groups were boostered 28 days later. Neither clinical signs of disease nor adverse effects were observed during or after vaccination. A specific serological response, revealed by the development of neutralizing antibodies, was detected in all vaccinated animals after the first dose of vaccine, whereas control animals remained seronegative. Calves were subsequently challenged on day 77 post-vaccination (pv) with 10^9.25 TCID₅₀ of the wild-type BoHV-5 (parental strain EVI 88/95). After challenge, vaccinated cattle displayed mild signs of respiratory disease, whereas the control group developed respiratory disease and severe encephalitis, which led to culling of 2/4 calves. Searches for viral DNA in the central nervous system (CNS) of vaccinated calves indicated that wild-type BoHV-5 did not replicate, whereas in CNS tissues of calves on the control group, viral DNA was widely distributed. BoHV-5 shedding in nasal secretions was significantly lower in vaccinated calves than in the control group on days 2, 3, 4 and 6 post-challenge (pc). In addition, the duration of virus shedding was significantly shorter in the vaccinated (7 days) than in controls (12 days). Attempts to reactivate latent infection by administration of dexamethasone at 147 days pv led to recrudescence of mild signs of respiratory disease in both vaccinated and control groups. Infectious virus shedding in nasal secretions was detected at reactivation and was significantly lower in vaccinated cattle than in controls on days 11–13 post-reactivation (pr). It is concluded that the inactivated vaccine prepared with the BoHV-5 gI/gE/US9⁻ recombinant was capable of conferring protection to encephalitis when vaccinated cattle were challenged with a large infectious dose of the parental wild type BoHV-5. However, it did not avoid the establishment of latency nor impeded dexamethasone-induced reactivation of the virus, despite a significant reduction in virus shedding after challenge and at reactivation on vaccinated calves.     

体外筛选对犬具有免疫刺激活性的CpG寡脱氧核苷酸

建立并优化犬特异性寡脱氧核苷酸(CpGODN)的体外筛选条件,筛选自行设计的对犬具有免疫刺激活性的CpGODN。用CpGODN2006对犬的免疫细胞进行刺激,测定细胞增殖能力。对免疫细胞的来源、细胞铺板浓度、CpGODN的刺激时间和浓度及增值能力的测定方法等条件进行优化。并对自行设计的CpGODN进行了初步筛选。结果显示,犬脾细胞对CpGODN的反应性比外周血单个核细胞好。在犬脾细胞为6×105个/孔,37℃5%CO2条件下,经10mg/LCpGODN2006刺激48h,使脾细胞明显增生。3H-TdR掺入法测得的结果比MTT法更敏感。自行设计的CpGODNR008能显著地刺激犬脾细胞增生,且优于CpGODN2006(P0.05)。结果表明,优化了犬特异性CpGODN的体外筛选条件,并筛选出了对犬具有免疫刺激活性的CpGODN。     

Characterization, expression and function of c-Met in canine spontaneous cancers

Aberrant expression of the proto‐oncogene c‐Met has been noted in a variety of human cancers. To better define the potential role of Met dysregulation in canine cancer, the canine Met, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and HGF activator were cloned. Inappropriate expression of Met was present in canine tumour cell lines derived from a wide variety of cancers. Furthermore, both HGF and HGF activator were also expressed in several of these cell lines, providing evidence of a possible autocrine loop of Met activation. Stimulation of tumour cell lines with recombinant human HGF induced Met autophosphorylation, as well as activation of the downstream signalling elements Gab‐1, Akt and Erk1/2. Scattering of tumour cells and migration across a defect occurred in response to HGF stimulation. The Met inhibitor PHA665752 blocked both HGF‐induced phosphorylation of canine Met and HGF‐mediated cell cycling, scattering and migration. These studies provide evidence that Met dysregulation may play a role in the biology of canine cancer and lay the groundwork for future studies employing Met inhibitors.     

表达H5亚型禽流感同义(Consensus)HA蛋白的重组质粒构建及体外表达

为研究禽流感病毒(AIV)H5亚型同义Consensus HA(Cons-HA5)基因的重组表达质粒在体外的表达情况,本研究通过对从NCBI流感数据库中获得的5000条H5亚型AIV的HA蛋白的序列比对、分析获得一条同义HA蛋白,将其相对应的核苷酸序列进行鸡体偏嗜性密码子优化,人工合成Cons-HA5基因并克隆于真核表达载体pCAGGS中构建重组表达质粒pCACons-HA5。将重组质粒转染293-T细胞,在激光共聚焦显微镜下观察转染后不同时间HA蛋白的表达情况,同时在转染后24 h、48 h后分别进行表达蛋白的western blot检测。结果表明,pCACons-HA5转染293-T细胞后,其表达的HA蛋白先分布于细胞质中,而后转移至细胞膜表面;westernblot鉴定结果表明,Cons-HA5重组蛋白可以与AIV多克隆血清反应分子量约为70 ku。该重组质粒的构建将为进一步Cons-HA5核酸免疫对H5亚型不同抗原群AIV的交叉保护免疫效力研究奠定基础。     

SREBP-1c基因重组腺病毒的构建及其在犊牛原代肝细胞中的表达

将携带有化学合成的SREBP-1c基因的质粒先用Xba Ⅰ酶切,Klenow补平突出末端,纯化回收后再用Hind Ⅲ酶切,切胶回收目的基因片段;并将其克隆至用EcoR Ⅴ/HindⅢ酶切回收的pShuttle-EGFP-CMV(-)TEMP穿梭载体上.经酶切鉴定后,重组穿梭质粒和腺病毒pAdxsi质粒分别用I-Ceu Ⅰ+I-Sce Ⅰ双酶切处理,T4DNA连接酶连接,获得重组质粒pAdxsi-GFP-SREBP1c,酶切鉴定后经Pac Ⅰ酶切线性化转染HEK293细胞,经包装扩增后用TCID50测定病毒滴度.以重组腺病毒感染犊牛原代肝细胞,采用qRT-PCR和Western blot检测细胞中SREBP1c mRNA和蛋白的表达量.结果显示,重组腺病毒酶切鉴定正确,滴度可达1.2×1010,腺病毒感染犊牛原代肝细胞中SREBP-1c mRNA和蛋白的表达显著升高.结果表明,本试验成功构建了SREBP-1c基因过表达重组腺病毒,且SREBP-1c在犊牛原代肝细胞中高度表达.     

Significant association of serum autoantibodies to TYMS,HAPLN1 and IGFBP5 with early stage canine malignant mammary tumours

Canine mammary tumours (CMTs) are the most prevalent neoplasms in female dogs. Despite the high incidence of such tumours, a lack of easily accessible biomarkers still impedes early diagnosis of malignant CMTs. Herein we identify thymidylate synthetase (TYMS), hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1) and insulin‐like growth factor‐binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) as CMT antigens eliciting corresponding autoantibodies in CMT cases. We establish enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to detect autoantibodies to TYMS (TYMS‐AAb), HAPLN1 (HAPLN1‐AAb) and IGFBP5 (IGFBP5‐AAb) in sera from 81 dogs with malignant CMTs (41 in Stage I), 24 with benign CMTs and 35 healthy controls. Levels of all the three autoantibodies are elevated in the malignant group compared with the healthy or the benign group; notably, the elevated autoantibody levels significantly correlate with the stage‐I CMTs. For discriminating malignant CMTs from healthy control, the area under curve (AUC) of TYMS‐AAb is 0.694 with specificity of 82.9% and sensitivity of 50.6%. The AUC of utilising HAPLN1‐AAb for distinguishing the stage‐I CMTs from healthy controls is 0.711 with specificity of 77.1% and sensitivity of 58.5%. In differentiating malignant CMTs from the benign, the AUC of IGFBP5‐AAb reaches 0.696 with specificity of 70.8% and sensitivity of 67.9%, and a combination of IGFBP5‐AAb and TYMS‐AAb increases the AUC to 0.72. Finally, the AUC of combined HAPLN1‐AAb and IGFBP5‐AAb in discriminating the stage‐I CMTs from the benign achieves 0.731. Collectively, this study highlights a significant association of the three serum autoantibodies with early stage malignant CMTs.     

High COX‐2 expression is associated with increased angiogenesis,proliferation and tumoural inflammatory infiltrate in canine malignant mammary tumours: a multivariate survival study

COX‐2 expression affects mammary tumourigenesis by promoting angiogenesis and cell proliferation, encouraging metastatic spread and tumour‐associated inflammation. Samples of canine mammary tumours (n = 109) were submitted to immunohistochemistry to detect COX‐2, CD31, VEGF, Ki‐67, CD3 and MAC387 expression. Concurrent high expression of COX‐2/CD31, COX‐2/VEGF, COX‐2/Ki‐67, COX‐2/CD3 and COX‐2/MAC was associated with elevated grade of malignancy, presence of intravascular emboli and presence of lymph node metastasis. Tumours with high COX‐2 (P < 0.001) and tumours with concurrent expression of high COX‐2 and high CD31 (P = 0.008); high VEGF (P < 0.001); high Ki‐67 (P < 0.001); high CD3+ T‐lymphocytes (P = 0.002) and elevated MAC387 macrophages (P = 0.024) were associated with shorter overall survival (OS) time. Interestingly the groups with high COX‐2/CD31 and high COX‐2/VEGF retained their significance after multivariate analysis arising as independent predictors of OS. Present data highlight the importance of COX‐2 in canine mammary tumourigenesis.     

A three‐dimensional cell culture system as an in vitro canine mammary carcinoma model for the expression of connective tissue modulators

In this study, derived complex carcinoma (CC) and simple carcinoma (SC) cell lines were established and cultured under two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) conditions. The 3D was performed in six‐well AlgiMatrix? (LifeTechnologies®, Carlsbad, CA, USA) scaffolds, resulting in spheroids sized 50–125 µm for CC and 175–200 µm for SC. Cell viability was demonstrated up to 14 days for both models. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was expressed in CC and SC in both systems. However, higher mRNA and protein levels were observed in SC 2D and 3D systems when compared with CC (P < 0.005). The connective tissue modulators, metalloproteinases‐1, ‐2, ‐9 and ‐13 (MMPs), relaxin receptors 1 and 2 (RXR1 and RXR2) and E‐cadherin (CDH1) were quantitated. All were upregulated similarly when canine mammary tumour (CMT)‐derived cell lines were cultured under 3D AlgiMatrix, except CDH1 that was downregulated (P < 0.005). These results are promising towards the used of 3D system to increase a high throughput in vitro canine tumour model.     

重组GP5AB蛋白间接ELISA检测PRRSV抗体方法的研究

利用GST-GP5AB重组蛋白作为包被抗原,通过反应条件优化,建立了用于检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)抗体的间接ELISA方法。抗原最适包被浓度为2μg/mL,最佳封闭液为0.15%BSA,37℃封闭2 h后,再4℃封闭24 h,血清最适稀释度为1∶200,其作用时间为60m in,酶标抗体最适稀释度为1∶20 000,最适作用时间为90 m in,37℃显色10 m in,S/P≥0.284为阳性,S/P≤0.26为阴性,介于二者之间为可疑的判定标准。该抗原与猪其他4种临床症状类似的疾病的阳性血清反应呈阴性。批内和批间重复性试验结果,变异系数均小于7%,表明本方法具有较好的特异性和重复性。应用本方法初步检测了一些疫苗免疫仔猪血清样品,并与重组N蛋白和PRRSV抗原同时进行比较,结果显示3种抗原检测的结果基本一致。     

Effect of dasatinib in a xenograft mouse model of canine histiocytic sarcoma and in vitro expression status of its potential target EPHA2

Canine histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an aggressive and highly metastatic tumor. Previously, the kinase inhibitor dasatinib was shown to have potent growth inhibitory activity against HS cells in vitro, possibly via targeting the EPHA2 receptor. Here, the in vivo effect of dasatinib in HS cells was investigated using a xenograft mouse model. Moreover, the expression status of EPHA2 was examined in six HS cell lines, ranging from insensitive to highly sensitive to dasatinib. In the HS xenograft mouse model, dasatinib significantly suppressed tumor growth, as illustrated by a decrease in mitotic and Ki67 indices and an increase in apoptotic index in tumor tissues. On Western blot analysis, EPHA2 was only weakly detected in all HS cell lines, regardless of sensitivity to dasatinib. Dasatinib likely results in the inhibition of xenograft tumor growth via a mechanism other than targeting EPHA2. The findings of this study suggest that dasatinib is a targeted therapy drug worthy of further exploration for the treatment of canine HS.