热研5号柱花草产量与质量动态变化研究

研究热研5号柱花草的产草量和质量及其相互关系，结果表明，生物产量达高峰的营养盛期，粗蛋白质和无氮浸出物含量均较低，而粗纤维含量则较高，干物质与粗纤维呈显著的正相关关系，干物质与无氮侵出物呈显著的负相关关系，干物质与粗蛋白质，粗脂肪的相关性均不显著，分析结果表明，粗蛋白质，粗纤维是影响营养价值的主要指标，粗蛋白质，粗纤维和粗灰分是影响饲用价值的主要指标，并确立营养价值和用价值与养分含量之间的回归方程。     

泡桐叶用作单胃动物饲料的营养价值评定

泡桐是一种多年生落叶乔木，具有抗干旱、耐盐碱的特点，在我国“三北”地区分布很广，是一种很有前途的速生树种。为综合利用泡桐资源，探讨确立泡桐叶作为单胃动物粗饲料的营养价值，本文在测定热喷及未热喷泡桐落叶的概略养分、钙、磷、氨基酸含量的基础上，分别采用Ｓｉｂｂａｌｄ（１９７７）“ＴＭＥ”改良法、猪小肠液体外消化试验法和回─直肠吻合荷术猪方法，研究了泡桐落叶的干物质、粗蛋白质、能量的消化率（猪）和代谢率（鸡）。结果指出：①热喷与未热喷泡桐叶干物质中粗蛋白、粗纤维、无氮浸出物、粗灰分、总能等概略养分及钙、磷、各种氨基酸含量基本相同，但热喷泡桐叶较未热喷泡桐叶中粗脂肪含量略低。表明虽然热喷处理可引起部分脂肪的挥发损失，但热喷处理对其他各种养分的化学成分含量影响很小，未热喷泡桐叶干物质中含粗蛋白质１１．４６％、粗纤维１８．１０％、粗脂肪３．４８％、粗灰分１７．９６％、总能４１７２．５千卡／千克、钙２．７５％、磷０．１４％、总必需氨基酸４．１４％、总氨基酸８．７２％；热喷泡桐叶干物质中含粗蛋白质１１．７１％、粗纤维１８．２７％、无氮浸出物４８．３０％、粗脂肪３．０８％、粗灰分１８．６４％、总能４０７９．７千卡／千克、钙２?     

推广蕉藕种植,促进养猪业发展

蕉藕营养丰富，无氮浸出物含量高，据凉山州畜牧局饲料分析室测定，蕉藕成熟期干物质中含粗蛋白质５．１２％，粗脂肪１．２２％，粗纤维３．７４％，无氮浸出物８４．５４％，粗灰分５．２８％，钙０．０８％，磷０．０２％。１千克蕉藕干物质的营养价值与０．７４千克玉...     

紫云英

紫云英又名红花草，原产于我国南部地区，在我国长江流域及以南各省栽培较多。属豆科一年或越年生草本植物，喜温湿气候，一般9月播种，每公顷下种量3千克。收割于开花初期或盛花期，一般每公顷产量为30～45吨，多者可达75吨。据浙江省农业科学院和江苏省农业科学院分析，盛花期鲜草含水分90．7％、粗蛋白质2．51％、粗脂肪0．54％、粗纤维2．20％、无氮浸出物3．80％、粗灰分0．88％；初花期干粉含水分9．18％、粗蛋白质25．81％、粗脂肪4．61％、粗纤维11．81％、无氮浸出物40．97％、粗灰分7．62％。茎叶柔嫩，猪喜食。     

人控火烧林间草地对草产量和质量的影响

有计划人工控制火烧林间草地，试验区牧草覆盖率为54．17％，每1m^2平均产草量665g，牧草含水量71．85％，干物质中含无氮浸出物55．41％，粗纤维23．62％，粗蛋白质10．20％，粗脂肪2．31％，粗灰分8．46％，对照区（未烧区）牧草覆盖率48．75％，每1m^2平均产草量692．88g，牧草含水量72．43％，干物质中含无氮浸出物53．66％，粗纤维26．89％，粗蛋白质10．03％，粗脂肪2．08％，粗灰分7．28％。     

两种猪种对含全脂大豆抗营养因子饲粮的消化率反应

试验用 2× 3析因试验设计 ,研究了含有 2 0 %热处理全脂大豆、2 0 %生全脂大豆和不含有任何大豆及大豆产品的等能量、等氮和等赖氨酸水平的 3种饲粮对东北民猪仔猪和长白仔猪的饲粮养分消化率的影响。试验结果表明 :东北民猪仔猪对干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪 (P <0 .0 5 )、粗纤维、无氮浸出物 (P <0 .10 )的消化率显著高于长白仔猪 ;3种饲粮之间 ,热处理全脂大豆饲粮的干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗纤维、粗灰分、无氮浸出物的消化率高于生全脂大豆饲粮和对照饲粮。     

串叶松香草饲喂蛋鸡的效果

串叶松香草属多年生菊科植物，近年来的引种示范试验和饲用试验表明，串叶松香草是一种营养丰富、产草量高的不可多得的优质牧草。据分析，莲座叶丛期干物质中含粗蛋白质２３．６％、粗脂肪２％、粗纤维８．６％、粗灰分１９１％、无氮浸出物４６７％、Ｃａ３２２％...     

计划火烧对林间草地产草量和营养成分的影响

有计划地人工控制火烧林间草地，可有效地提高牧草的营养成分含量。试验区牧草覆盖度为５４．１７％，平均产草量６６５ｇ／ｍ＾２，牧草含水量７１．８５％，干物质中无氮浸出物５５．４１％，粗纤维２３．６２％，粗蛋白质１０．２％，粗脂肪２．３１％，粗灰分８．４６％；而对照区（未烧区）牧草覆盖度为４８．７５％，平均产草量６９２．８８ｇ／ｍ＾２，牧草含水量７１．４３％，干物质中含无氮浸出物５３．６６％，粗纤维２６     

豆科草粉

在猪日粮中添加草粉能够使日粮中的氨基酸、维生素和矿物质长时间地保持平衡。豆科草粉(用整棵植物制)的特点是粗纤维含量高,1kg草粉中含有85.8％干物质,0.56个饲料单位、22.4％粗纤维、12.7％粗脂肪、41.2％无氮浸出物、7.1g钙、3g磷。利用整棵豆科植物制成的草粉存放在普通仓库的纸袋里,从     

互花米草粉饲养肉猪试验

互花米草粉饲养肉猪试验福建省霞浦县牧医站郑贵荣，张如互花米草系多年生禾本科植物，其营养丰富，适口性好，是饲喂畜禽的优良牧草。经测定分析，其干草含粗蛋白质１１．５５％，粗脂肪２．２６％，粗纤维２７．１％，粗灰分１１．４３％，无氮浸出物４６．６４％。钙０...     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.