龙眼胚性悬浮细胞原生质体培养及其体胚发生再生植株

以“红核子”、“东壁”、“十二月龙眼”等龙眼品种的胚性悬浮细胞为起始材料分离原生质体,采用液体浅层培养、包埋悬浮培养等方式,进行原生质体培养与植株再生研究。研究结果表明,海藻酸钙包埋悬浮振荡培养(50r/min)是龙眼悬浮细胞原生质体培养的适宜培养方式,在含有多种生长调节剂的改良MS培养基(MP6)上,再生小克隆的形成频率可高达5%;采用龙眼胚性愈伤组织体胚诱导、成熟和萌发的优化方案,原生质体再生小克隆分化子叶形胚状体的频率达100%,萌发植株的频率一般大于45%。      

柑桔细胞悬浮培养及再生植株的研究

取锦橙(Citrus sinensis Osbeck)试管实生苗下胚轴切段诱导愈伤组织,继代培养,再以该愈伤组织制备悬浮细胞系。在附加KT(0.75mg/L)和2,4—D(0.5mg/L)的MS液体培养基中悬浮单细胞能正常分裂和生长,形成多细胞团和愈伤组织,在MT添加BA(1.5mg/L)和IAA(0.5mg/L)的固体培养基上能进一步诱导小芽并形成完整小植株。文中还探讨了建立悬浮培养细胞系的最适蔗糖浓度以及单细胞悬浮培养过程的细胞密度和培养液的pH值变化情况。     

铁兰体细胞胚的诱导及植株再生

以铁兰无菌苗为外植体,研究不同激素配比对铁兰胚性愈伤组织诱导及体细胞胚形成的影响,并对体细胞胚的发生过程进行形态学观察.结果表明:2,4-D对铁兰胚性愈伤组织的诱导具有重要作用,诱导铁兰胚性愈伤组织的最适2,4-D浓度为2.0 mg/L;胚性愈伤组织在含ABA的培养基上可分化形成体细胞胚.形态及解剖学观察表明,愈伤组织既可以产生于外植体的外层细胞,又可产生于外植体的深层细胞.体细胞胚的形态发生经历了与合子胚形态发生相似的阶段,即经过球形胚、子叶形胚等.胚经过萌发、芽的伸长和生根后形成再生植株.     

文摘

离体培养植株再生应用遗传工程新方法的先决条件。单细胞和原生质体被认为是植物遗传操作的最有希望的工具。作者利用可再生的植物的幼胚和其它外植体,研究形成胚性愈伤组织和胚性悬浮培养物的潜力。以水稻品种Yamabiko和Taipei为试材,在乳熟期(幼胚长0.8～1.2mm)切下幼胚,培养在MS,CC或N_6附加2,4-D的培养基上。在26℃暗培养3～5周,形成了胚性(质地紧密,表面光滑,白色或黄色的球状结构)与非胚性(半透明型,淡黄色或浅褐色)两种愈伤组织。将胚性愈伤组织培养在CC及MS附加1～2毫克/升2,4-D的固体培养基上,或在CC及N_6-1液体培养基中进行悬浮培养(140rpm,27℃,暗培养),可保持其胚胎发生能力。这些悬浮培养物可作为分离     

巴西橡胶树的次生体细胞胚胎发生—— 一种新的长期性体细胞胚胎发生诱导方法

在橡胶树中，以未成熟种子的内珠被为外植体通过其胚性愈伤组织的继代增殖可以持续不断地诱导体细胞胚胎，该方法称为持久体细胞胚胎发生(Maintained Somatic Embryogenesis，MSE)。然而，直接利用内珠被组织诱导易碎型胚性愈伤组织系不但频率很低，而且迄今仅无性系PB260和RRIM703能够藉此途径实现体细胞胚胎的长期诱导。本研究以体细胞胚胎为外植体成功诱导和建立可增殖胚性愈伤组织系。组织学分析显示，体胚外植体切口边缘表皮及周维管细胞脱分化导致易碎型胚性愈伤组织的产生。所获愈伤组织经继代增殖和筛选最终得以建立胚性愈伤组织系。该新方法被称为间接次生体细胞胚胎发生(Indirect Secondary Somatic Embryogenesis，SSE)。我们还就体胚及内珠被2种外植体诱导胚性愈伤系的潜力进行了深入比较。结果表明，采用体胚外植体诱导胚性愈伤组织系其频率明显高于内珠被外植体。除了PB260和RRIM703之外，我们通过SSE途径还成功建立了无性系PB217的胚性愈伤组织系，而该无性系之前一直难以用MSE法获得其胚性愈伤系。此外，采用SSE法建立胚性愈伤系所需继代培养的次数也大为减少。对于不少仅实现初生体细胞胚胎发生的无性系而言，该方法无疑为其长期性体胚发生的诱导开辟了一条新的途径。     

棉花胚性愈伤组织的长期保持技术

棉花胚性愈伤组织的长期保持技术张宝红，李凤莲，李付广，李秀兰中国农业科学院棉花研究所河南安阳４５５１１２一般来说。初诱导产生的胚性愈伤组织或经过短期培养的胚性愈伤组织较易诱导产生体细胞胚，随着培养时间的延长和继代次数的增多，体细胞胚胎发生能力会逐渐减...     

橡胶树品种热研88-13易碎胚性愈伤组织的诱导及其植株再生

以高产优质橡胶品种热研88-13的幼嫩种子内珠被为外植体材料,对愈伤组织诱导培养基和继代培养基中的影响因素如植物生长调节剂的种类和浓度、钙离子浓度等进行了研究。经过连续6个月的继代选择培养,逐渐诱导出易碎的胚性愈伤组织,适宜的易碎胚性愈伤组织诱导培养基为:MH基本成分,添加0.5 mg/L KT,2.0 mg/L 2,4-D,11.0 mmol/L CaCl2,80.0 g/L蔗糖和2.0 g/L Phytagel。组织学切片证明长期继代培养的易碎胚性愈伤组织维持了胚性的状态。取继代培养2 a多的易碎胚性愈伤组织诱导体细胞胚的形成,得到了16 000多个体细胞胚。将这些胚进行进一步的转移培养,得到了115株再生植株。     

不同菜用大豆品种的胚胎发生与再生

以8个菜用大豆品种的未成熟子叶为外植体,在MS(附加高浓度2,4-D)培养基诱导愈伤组织形成、体细胞胚胎发生与再生植株.结果表明:八个菜用大豆品种的未成熟子叶均可诱导产生愈伤组织与体细胞胚胎发生,出愈率为14.71%～100%.体细胞胚胎发生率变化在0～36.76%之间,绿子叶菜用大豆没有形成体细胞胚.体细胞胚可正常萌发产生小植株,移栽成活结实.菜用大豆的出愈率和体细胞胚胎发生率与基因型有关.     

两个栽培大豆品种的体细胞胚胎发生和植株再生研究

通过优化培养条件,即提高植物生长激素浓度和蔗糖浓度,发展了一种再生频率较高的大豆植株再生的方法。从栽培大豆品种幼胚中诱导形成的体细胞胚性愈伤组织和胚状体可以进一步分化出芽和根,发育成完整植株,中黄４号植株再生频率最高可达３９％,早熟１８号仅得到了胚性愈伤组织。     

悬浮培养诱导克劳茨基棉(G·kletzchianum Anderss)体细胞胚胎发生

在含有谷氨酰胺(最适量1—15毫克分子量)的液体培养基中悬浮培养克劳茨基棉愈伤组织3—4周后,分化出体细胞胚状体。胚胎形成发生在经过含10毫克/升细胞分裂素2iP的培养基培养过的愈伤组织。胚状体有形成表皮的分生区,并形成根和发育不完全的叶片。天冬酰胺对促进胚状体分化的效果比谷氨酰胺差得多。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.