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用生物测定的方法,研究了茶毛虫核型多角体病毒(EpNPV)与苏云金杆菌(Bt)配制而成的茶毛虫核型多角体病毒Bt混剂(EpNPV-Bt)的增效作用、速效作用、拒食作用和兼治作用。结果表明,在16~28℃温度范围内,EpNPV-Bt对茶毛虫的作用在整个死亡周期表现为相加作用,协同毒力指数主要分布在-20%~20%之间,其中16、19、28℃的死亡前期表现为增效作用,协同毒力指数大于20%,22℃的死亡中期表现为拮抗作用,协同毒力指数小于-20%。EpNPV-Bt对茶毛虫LT30为5.6天,比EpNPV减少3.8天,幼虫的死亡速度提高了1.8倍。EpNPV-Bt对茶毛虫的拒食效果明显,取食量比EpNPV减少66.2%。EpNPV-Bt对茶刺蛾、用克尺蠖和茶尺蠖等茶树害虫具有兼治作用,其中对茶刺蛾的死亡率达85.8%。 相似文献
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本文对从湖北省恩施州亚洲玉米螟幼虫上新分离的一种广谱病毒进行了形态学和分子特征鉴定,并以该病毒与另一种广谱杆状病毒对草地贪夜蛾幼虫进行了生物活性测定。结果表明新分离的核型多角体病毒与薄荷灰夜蛾核型多角体病毒和芹菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒具有较高的同源性,但遗传距离分析不支持它与这两种病毒为同一个种。生物活性测定表明,分离的病毒对草地贪夜蛾3龄幼虫的半数致死剂量是甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒的3.86倍。本研究的结果为开发防治草地贪夜蛾的高效病毒杀虫剂提供了依据。 相似文献
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室内试验,豆天蛾核型多角体病毒感染3龄幼虫的致死中浓度(LC_(50))为1.4×10~(4(?)8)个多角体/毫升。田间试验,喷施1.6×10~7多角体/毫升的病虫尸匀浆液,对豆天蛾幼虫的防治效果在70%左右。豆天蛾核型多角体病毒与苏云金杆菌或银纹夜娥核型多角体病毒混用,防治同时发生的多种大豆害虫的总效果明显提高,虫口下降率可达90%左右。 相似文献
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核型多角体病毒杀虫剂具有特异性强、不易产生抗药性、安全、无害、后效作用明显等优点,然而,在田间实际应用中也存在杀虫谱窄、杀虫速度慢、受自然因素影响较大等限制因素.结合国内、外已开展的核型多角体病毒生物特性和田间应用研究情况,对核型多角体病毒杀虫剂的杀虫特点和应用技术进行了总结与阐述,并提出了田间应用技术措施. 相似文献
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为做到有效防控保山地区草地贪夜蛾的发生危害,同时又做到化学农药使用减量的目的,选用生物农药10亿PIB/mL斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒悬浮剂防治玉米草地贪夜蛾,明确不同剂量斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒悬浮剂对玉米安全性、对草地贪夜防效及持效期。本文开展了10亿PIB/mL斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒悬浮剂防治玉米草地贪夜蛾田间小区药效试验。结果表明,斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒悬浮剂对玉米安全、对草地贪夜蛾具有较好的防治效果,随着每公顷用量的增加,防效和持效期增加,较为突出的是斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒悬浮剂450倍液、600倍液,药后1 d防效分别为95.11%、94.04%,药后14 d防效分别为71.09%、63.13%,玉米受损率控制在22.49%以下,药效持续期在14 d。 相似文献
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稻区杂草上的梨孢菌与稻瘟病发生的关系 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
新发现的稻曲病菌白化菌株其分生孢子座白色,厚垣孢子表面光滑,大小为3.5-6.0×3.5-6.8μm。在麦芽糖-稻芽浸渍液中可产生较多的分生孢子。pH值为6时生长最好。普通培养基中加入几种供试碳源和氮源均有利于菌落生长,以蔗糖为碳源,浓度为2%或以L-天门冬酰胺为氮源浓度为0.2%~0.3%时时其菌落生长有促进作用。培养过程中可产生对稻种萌发有抑制作用的毒素,而固体培养时产毒能力高于液体培养。白化菌株回接到水稻上可重新产生白色稻曲球。该菌和稻曲病菌的酯酶同功酶和RAPD扩增谱带明显不同。可见白化菌株具有独立于稻曲病菌的新的分类地位。 相似文献
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恶疫霉有性杂交后代的生物学研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
将2个带有不同抗药性标记的恶疫霉菌株配对,培养36 d后诱导其卵孢子萌发,从3760个单卵孢株中,获得50株带有双亲标记的杂交个体。对其中32株杂交个体的生长速率、有性和无性繁殖能力、卵孢子和游动孢子萌发率、致病力及对高温的耐受力等生物学性状进行测定。结果显示,测试的32株杂交个体在LBA培养基上均能较好地生长,有24株的杂交个体的生长速率介于2亲本之间;在LBA和SL培养基上,大多数杂交个体均能产生较大数量的卵孢子,有37%的杂交个体在SL培养基上产卵孢子能力显著大于双亲,仅有1个杂交个体不产生卵孢子;在人工培养条件下,大多数供试杂交个体可以产生较大数量的孢子囊,其中15株杂交个体产孢子囊能力处于双亲之间;被测的杂交个体产生的卵孢子或游动孢子均可以萌发形成有效的单孢株,有22株的杂交个体的卵孢子萌发率大于50%;被测的杂交个体接种在苹果上都有较强的致病力,有16株杂交个体的致病力显著大于双亲。表明在群体水平上恶疫霉有性杂交后代具有较强的生活能力,提示同宗配合恶疫霉不同菌株间的有性重组,对该种的群体遗传多样性可能具重要作用。 相似文献
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Summary. The effects were determined of paraquat dichloride and Lissapol NX, consutuents of the commercial formulation Gramoxone W, on the rate of oxygen uptake by cultures of Fusarium cutmanmt and Trkkoderma viride. When applied separately, paraquat dichode was less inhibitory than the wetting agent; when applied together, the inhibitory effect was greater than the sum of those obtained separately. Synergism was also observed between paraquat dichloride of commercial purity and a solution containing the additives used m Gramoxone W but without the paraquat dichloride. This effect is thought to be due to increased permeation of paraquat dichioride into fungal mycelia in the presence of a wetting agent. Older cultures were less affected than younger ones by the coniponents of Gramoxone W. The results suggest that the additives used in formulating herbicides may be critical in determining fungitoxicity.
Effets des constituants du Gramoxone W sur les taux de respiration de champignons du sol 相似文献
Effets des constituants du Gramoxone W sur les taux de respiration de champignons du sol 相似文献
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渗透胁迫对绵刺(Potaninia mongolica Maxim.)嫩枝保护酶活性的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
分别用不同浓度的 P E G( M W 6000)对当年生绵刺嫩枝进行渗透胁迫处理,测定其超氧化物歧化物( S O D)、过氧化氢酶( C A T)的活性和丙二醛( M D A)含量的变化。结果表明:绵刺嫩枝在渗透份胁大于- 2.0 M Pa 迫条件下,能维持较高的 S O D 活性,脂质过氧化作用较弱,膜系统基本完整; 渗透胁迫小于- 2.0 M Pa。 S O D 活性明显下降,脂质过氧化作用加强,膜透性增加。 M D A 含量与 S O D 活性呈负相关关系(r= - 094217); C A T 的活性随渗透胁迫强度增大而逐渐增强,达到一个峰值(- 2.5 M Pa)后,呈现下降趋势。说明绵刺嫩枝中 C A T 和 S O D 活性具很强的抗水分胁迫能力。 相似文献
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用反向间接血凝法、噬菌体技术和喷菌法,对安徽全椒、芜湖、石台、合肥等地区上年水稻白叶枯病重病田内和田边的若干种越冬后的植物作带菌检测,结果表明:茭白(Zizanin caduciflora Hand-Mazz)、看麦娘(Alopecurus aequalis Sobol)、菵草(Beckmannia syzigachne(Seud.)Fern)、鹅观草(Roegneria kamojz Ohwi)、艾蒿(Artemisia rulgaris Linn)、紫云英(Astragalus sinicus Linn)等植物带有白叶枯病菌。带菌量的大小,因带菌植物的种类和样品采集的地点而异。在检测的带菌植物中,带菌量较高的有茭白、紫云英等。另用白叶枯菌对多种杂草进行剪叶接菌,经13~20天后,茭白、看麦娘、游草等禾本科杂草的叶片上表现明显症状。杂草病叶的浸泡液与兔抗白叶枯菌的致敏血球产生特异性凝集反应。用噬菌体法也检测到大量活菌;接种稻叶又引起水稻发病。说明在被接种杂草上感染的是白叶枯细菌。 相似文献
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枇杷灰斑病病原菌的鉴定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从枇杷灰斑病病斑上分离的病原菌,经鉴定分属于2个种,即Pestalotia adusta Ell.&Ev.[Pestalotiaadusta (Ell.&Ev.) Stey]和P.eriobotrifolia Guba。它们的分生孢于形态差异很大,菌体酯酶及蛋白质电泳图谱也有明显的差别.种内不同分离物间的酯酶及蛋白质电泳图谱有很大的相似性.P.eriobotrifolia是枇杷灰斑病病原菌的优势种. 相似文献
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番茄细菌性斑点病病原菌鉴定 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
1998~1999年在吉林省、辽宁省、黑龙江省等地的大棚番茄上发现一种番茄病害,并从其病叶、病茎杆上分离得到了23个细菌菌株。接种番茄幼苗上,发病症状与自然发病症状完全一致,并从接种病株上重新分离到此病原细菌。各菌株致病力无明显的差异。经革兰氏染色反应、菌体形态、培养性状、生理生化反应、G+C mol%等鉴定,确认该病原菌为丁香假单胞杆菌番茄致病变种(Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato(Okabe)Young,Dye&Wilkie)。该病菌引起番茄细菌性斑点病(又称叶斑病)。病菌除侵染番茄外,尚能侵染茄子、辣椒、龙葵、白花曼陀罗和毛曼陀罗。该病害尚属我国大陆首次报道。 相似文献
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DIRECT-DRILLING OF CEREALS AFTER USE OF PARAQUAT 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary. Cereal crops were grown at Jealott's Hill in 1962 and 1963 without cultivations, following the use, before drilling, of paraquat to kill unwanted vegetation. This investigation was extended with a series of trials at outside centres. Three trials with winter wheat were drilled in the autumn of 1963, two into pasture and one into stubble. Three barley trials were drilled into stubble in spring 1964.
All the autumn trials and one spring trial compared direct-drilling with normal cultivations at two levels of nitrogen. The other two spring trials compared rates and times of application of paraquat without any plough comparison.
Individual trials showed significant yield differences between direct-drilling and ploughing, but there was no consistent advantage in favour of either technique.
Spraying in advance of drilling generally resulted in similar yields to spraying and drilling on the same day. Winter wheat drilled into pastures showed some retardation of spring growth when spraying and drilling had been carried out on the same day.
When averaged over times of application, yields after spraying paraquat at 2 lb/ac were significantly higher than after 1 lb/ac.
In the trials where two levels of nitrogen were included crops responded to an increase from 60 to 120 units nitrogen/ac as top dressing for winter wheat and from 60 to 90 units nitrogen/ac combine-drilled for spring barley; the response was not always significant.
Semis direct de céréales après application de paraquat 相似文献
All the autumn trials and one spring trial compared direct-drilling with normal cultivations at two levels of nitrogen. The other two spring trials compared rates and times of application of paraquat without any plough comparison.
Individual trials showed significant yield differences between direct-drilling and ploughing, but there was no consistent advantage in favour of either technique.
Spraying in advance of drilling generally resulted in similar yields to spraying and drilling on the same day. Winter wheat drilled into pastures showed some retardation of spring growth when spraying and drilling had been carried out on the same day.
When averaged over times of application, yields after spraying paraquat at 2 lb/ac were significantly higher than after 1 lb/ac.
In the trials where two levels of nitrogen were included crops responded to an increase from 60 to 120 units nitrogen/ac as top dressing for winter wheat and from 60 to 90 units nitrogen/ac combine-drilled for spring barley; the response was not always significant.
Semis direct de céréales après application de paraquat 相似文献
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大豆灰斑病菌生理小种同功酶分析 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7
本文首次利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对黑龙江省大豆灰斑病菌10个生理小种进行了酯酶等5种同功酶及可溶性蛋白的分析。分析结果表明各供试小种间存在着同功酶表型异质性。小种间相似系数在0.22~0.96之间,且分析出4号小种与其它小种亲缘关系最远,具有特殊的遗传背景。进一步从生化角度证明灰斑病菌致病力有一定的差异。同时建议制定一套同功酶标准图谱作为生产上监测生理小种毒力变异工作的辅助性手段。 相似文献
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Summary. We conducted studies to determine the effects on corn (Zea mays L, var. Indiana 654) and pea (Pisum sativum L. var. Alaska) of localizing various herbicides in the soil, using a double plastic pot technique which ensured separate exposure of the root and shoot zones of the plants to treated soil. Effects on corn and pea were similar in relation to site of uptake. 2,4-D-amine, naptalam, simazine, diuron and dalapon-sodium entered primarily through the roots. Some shoot entry and also severe inhibition of roots occurred in soil treated with 2,4-D and naptalam; these were noticed only to a slight extent with the other three herbicides. EPTC, chlorpropham and trifluraiin were most effective when applied to the shoot zone. Little effect on foliage growth was evident when the root zone alone was treated. However, roots in treated soil were severely inhibited by these three herbicides. Dinoseb displayed a contact type of action, injuring both shoots and roots. Treatment of both zones had an additive effect. Entry of chlorthal-methyl which was tested on a susceptible species, sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.) was mainly through the shoot, with only a slight effect on top growth when roots alone were treated. Roots in treated soil were slightly inhibited. Localisation de l'absorption des herbicides appliqués sur le sol 相似文献