四川广安市对调整牧业结构实施产业化经营实行奖励

中共广安市委办公室、市政府办公室《关于对调整农业结构实施产业化经营实行奖励的通知》(广委办发 [2 0 0 0 ]5号 )中规定 :1 凡农民人均生猪出栏 1 5头以上、总量比上年增长 1 0 %以上的乡镇 ,养羊 5 0 0 0只以上、农民人均养羊 1只以上、总量比上年增长 2 0 %以上的乡镇 ,农民人均饲养小家禽家畜 2 0只以上、总量比上年增长 5 0 %以上、其中养殖 2 0 0 0只以上的大户增长量占总增长量 5 0 %以上的乡镇 ,由市委、市政府授予奖牌 ,每个乡镇奖现金 1万元 ;2 凡养殖业今年销售收入增加 5 0万元以上或销售本地农产品当年增加 1 0 0万元以…     

强化共育管理 提高共育质量

俗话说 :“养好小蚕七成收” ,可见小蚕共育的重要性。小蚕共育的推广使我县的蚕业迈上了一个新台阶 ,单产增加 (由过去的2 0公斤 /张左右 ,提高到 2 0 0 2年全年平均单产 3 2 8公斤 /张 ) ,质量提高 (茧丝长达1 0 0 0米以上 ,上车率达 96%以上 ,上茧率达 90 %以上 ,色泽达 85以上 ,干茧茧层率达 47%以上 ,解舒率达 60 %以上 )蚕农经济效益提高 ,但随着市场的需求 ,科技的进步 ,高质量的小蚕共育就显得尤为重要。1　小蚕共育现状名山县车岭蚕桑蚕茧站有共育室 55个 ,全年平均单产在 3 5kg/张以上的有 7个 ,占1 2 7% ,单产在 3 0～ 3 5kg/…     

无公害粉蕉高产栽培技术

为进一步推进特色农业产业化工程 ,汕头市绿园农业科技发展有限公司自 2 0 0 0年以来致力于优质台湾粉蕉无公害栽培技术的试验与研究 ,并取得显著效益。至 2 0 0 3年 8月 ,累计示范推广无公害粉蕉栽培面积 4 83 3hm2 。现将近年来无公害粉蕉栽培管理的技术经验整理如下。1　园地选择产地区域内及上风口、灌溉水源上游没有工业“三废”及其他污染源。要求土壤肥沃、土层深厚。平地蕉园要选用沙质壤土或轻粘壤土 ,土层深 1m以上 ,底土层不宜选重粘土、全沙或石砾未风化土。土壤要有团粒结构 ,含有机质 2 0 % ,速效磷0 0 0 2 5 %以上 ,速效钾 0 0 1 %以上 ,全氮 0 1 5 %以上 ,全磷 0 1 7%以上 ,全钾 0 0 5 %以上。地下水位低于 70cm ,土壤可溶性盐总量少于 0 0 5 % ,pH值5 5～ 8 0 ,空气含氟浓度低于 0 0 2mg/m3 。园地要连片 ,最好与水稻或其他作物轮作。2　肥水管理及吸芽留取2 1　施肥方法　粉蕉植株高大 ,根系发达 ,养分需求较多。经多年实践 ,采用“二轻、二重、二巧”的施肥方法较经济高效。“二轻” ,一是在定...     

2000年我国饲料工业状况和2001年预测

20 0 0年饲料工业生产情况2 0 0 0年是我国饲料工业持续健康发展的一年。据初步统计 ,全国饲料产品总量达到 740 0万吨 ,其中 ,配合饲料产量为 590 0万吨 ,增长 6 2% ,浓缩饲料 1 2 0 0万吨 ,增长 9 4% ,添加剂预混料 30 0万吨 ,增长 34 5 %。全国饲料工业的发展特点 :一是继续保持较快的发展速度。全年饲料产品平均增幅为 7 7% ,高于肉类 5 1 %的增幅。二是质量稳步提高。据 2 0 0 0年国家饲料监测中心监督抽查结果 ,我国配合饲料合格率基本稳定在 90 %以上 ,添加剂预混料的产品合格率也在 80 %以上。三是饲料产品结构进一步优化 ,高附加值…     

尼里水牛与温州水牛杂交效果研究

利用巴基斯坦尼里水牛与温州水牛进行杂交试验 ,观察其生长性能。结果表明 ,尼温一代水牛的初生体重、体尺及成年牛的体重、体高、体斜长、胸围、管围等与温州水牛相比较差异极显著 (P <0 0 1) ,杂交后成年体重增加 10 0kg以上 (公牛增重 10 9 9kg ,母牛增重 10 3 4kg) ,增幅达 2 0 %以上 (公牛增幅 2 1 2 %,母牛增幅 2 0 8%) ,杂交优势明显     

论中国蜂业企业与职业经理人

一、中国蜂产品市场和蜂业企业现状1、中国蜂产品市场现状中国是一个养蜂生产的大国 ,也是蜂产品消费和出口的大国。虽然近几年来国内的蜂产品消费处于上升态势 ,但每年蜂蜜产量的 6 0 %、蜂王浆产量的 5 0 %以上、蜂花粉 5 0 %以上、蜂胶 6 0 %以上均供出口。然而 ,我国蜂产品出口是以低廉的价格来占有国际上的市场份额。虽然量很大 ,但是单位蜂产品的创汇能力较低。低价竞销和质量标准提高 ,使我国蜂产品出口每况愈下 ,与 1 0年前相比 ,我国每年仅蜂王浆一项出口就损失约 2亿美元。国内销售日渐看好。目前我国年产瓶装蜂蜜 2万多吨 ,其中…     

商品肉鸡小肠球虫病的综合控制措施

在 2 0 0 3年 3、4月份 ,阳谷县某商品肉鸡场70 %以上鸡发生了一种以瘫软、尖叫、兴奋不安、腹泻为主要临床特征的疾病。经调查 ,排除了药物中毒 ,结合临床症状、实验室检查及药物诊断 ,确诊为商品肉鸡小肠球虫病。1　流行情况发病日龄集中 ,均集中于 1 4～ 2 0日龄发病 ,发病突然 ,大群传播迅速 ,病程 7～ 1 0 d。发病面积大 ,不同来源、不同批次、不同饲养地域的鸡群均有发生 ,发病率 70 %以上。死亡率高 ,感染率在 1 0 %～ 1 5 %左右 ,感染鸡死亡率在 2 0 %～ 30 % ,日死亡率在 0 .1 %～ 0 .5 % ,瘫软鸡死亡率 80 %左右。症状一致 ,主要…     

早衰脐橙树更新复壮技术

笔者从 2 0 0 0年开始对邻水县观河乡一甲岩果场 12年生朋娜脐橙 (4 2hm2 )进行更新复壮试验。试验前每 6 6 7m2 产量为 315kg,果径 80cm以上商品果率 18%。更新后第 1年每 6 6 7m2 产量为 6 10kg ,80cm以上商品果率达 4 5 % ,第二年为 985kg ,80cm以上商品果率为 6 1% ,第三年为 182 1kg,80cm以上商品果率为 80 5 %。树势强旺 ,叶幕层增厚 3倍 ,形成立体结果 ,2 0 0 4年有望继续增产增收。具体做法是 :1　间伐将原定植株距 2m间伐为 4m ,间伐后为 4m× 3m ,两行之间呈“品”字形布局。2　树冠回缩修剪将全树 4～ 6级以上的枝组分 4个方位 …     

不同的输精时间对宣凤黄鸡受精率的影响

本试验采用人工授精技术 ,对母鸡不同输精时间的研究表明 :9∶0 0～ 11∶0 0输精受精率为 74.3 % ,11∶0 0～ 13∶0 0输精受精率为 78.5 % ,13∶0 0～ 15∶0 0输精受精率为 85 .0 % ,15∶0 0～ 17∶0 0输精受精率为 95 .7% ,17∶0 0～ 19∶0 0输精受精率为 91.6 % ,19∶0 0～2 1∶0 0输精受精率为 89.2 %。试验结果表明 :每天在 15∶0 0～17∶0 0输精效果最佳 ,早于 15∶0 0与晚于 17∶0 0受精率降低 4.1%以上 ,差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。     

小鹅瘟病的特点及防制体会

小鹅瘟病是由小鹅瘟病毒引起雏鹅的急性、败血性的传染病。本病仅发生于鹅和番鸭 ,其他禽类和哺乳动物尚未见有发生的报道。本病易发生于 3～ 2 0日龄的雏鹅 ,发病后传染快、死亡率高 ,是危害养鹅业的重大疫病之一。1　流行特点在自然感染情况下 ,最早发现本病的雏鹅为 3～ 5日龄 ,2～ 3天内迅速波及全群 ,7～ 1 0日龄雏鹅发病率和死亡率达到高峰 ,一般死亡率为 70 %～ 95% ,最高达 1 0 0 %。随着日龄的增加 ,雏鹅的易感性逐渐下降 ,1 0日龄以上雏鹅感染后死亡率一般不超过 6 0 % ,2 0日龄以上发病率较低 ,30日龄以上极少发病。但近年来亦偶…     

兔病毒性出血症病毒高免血清的制备与应用效果

以兔病毒性出血症病毒组织灭活疫苗免疫家兔，经五次免疫之后，抗体效价可达12log2以上，采集兔血清，以此治疗攻毒兔，结果大部分兔都存活，临床应用效果表明：以此血清治疗自然感染兔病毒性出血症病毒的发病兔，治愈率达80％以上。     

Epidemiologic and genetic analysis of veterinary data of German Brown cattle]

In totally 3740 cows of the breed German Brown Swiss distributed over 115 herds risk factors for the occurrence of diseases were analysed using a threshold model. Disease data were recorded by ten practitioners in southern Bavaria. The most frequent diseases were fertility disorders, followed by metabolic, udder and calving disorders. The influence of the herds could demonstrated clearly for all diseases analysed. The effect of the lactation number contributed significantly to the frequency of milk fever, mastitis, retained placenta, endometritis/metritis and ovary cysts. Heritability estimates vary between h2 = 0.5% and h2 = 4.2% with exception of anestrus/acyclia (h2 = 8.8%). With higher milk yield of cows the disease frequencies increase, especially fertility diseases. However, increasing herd milk yield is associated with decreasing disease frequencies. A depression of A.I.-parameters and an increase of culling rate caused by diseases could be observed. In the case of the occurrence of uterus- and ovary disorders days open are elongated by 58 days in comparison to cows without diseases. Recording of disease data for use in electronic data processing seems necessary, in order to diminish production diseases by breeding and herd control programmes. An important prerequisite in organization of disease data recording is an efficient cooperation between the veterinary practitioner, farmer, inseminator and the official milk recording organisation.     

黄羽、栗羽及其杂种鹌鹑免疫群体对鸡新城疫病毒的易感性

用鸡新城疫强毒F48E9(EID50为10-9/mL)对20、30、40、50和70日龄的免疫鹌鹑进行攻毒,结果表明,20日龄黄羽、黄羽杂种和栗羽保护率较低,分别为40%,45%和30%,30日龄以后保护率明显提高,40日龄以后保护率都在90%以上.所有感染鹌鹑均出现和自然发病同样的症状和死亡情况,从病死鹌鹑中可重新分离到新城疫病毒.     

Poultry abattoir survey of carcass condemnations in Fars province, southern Iran

Official post-mortem inspection records of poultry in 11 industrial poultry abattoirs in the Fars province, southern Iran, between 20 March 2002 and 19 March 2006 were used to investigate the character and prevalence of poultry loss caused by disease and pathological changes in the province. Linear regression analysis for study of time trend and χ²-test for investigation of seasonal pattern were used as statistical methods. In the study period, 130,967,021 birds were slaughtered. As a result of official veterinary inspection, 959,416 (0.73%) birds were condemned. The condemnation risk was calculated for each quarter in a year. Cachexia and septicemia were the most common reasons for rejection of carcasses and were responsible for 62% of the total condemnations. The condemnation risk due to septicemia increased over the study period from 0.14 to 0.22%. The rejection risk due to overscalding declined over the study period from 0.07 to 0.01%. No trends in time were observed for the other causes of condemnation. In conclusion the majority of condemnations are caused by disease and improving the standard of disease prevention and control on farms is necessary. These results could form the basis of an assessment of trends in condemnations in poultry slaughterhouse and should prove useful to the poultry industry as a baseline data for future comparison.     

山东省桑树细菌性疫病的发生与防治研究

山东省已调查的 16个市 (县 )均有桑树细菌性疫病发生 ,病害主要有黑枯、枝裂、缩叶和叶斑 4种症状。每年 5月底至 6月初开始表现症状 ,7～ 8月份为发病盛期 ,发病率一般为 5 %～ 10 % ,重者可达 4 0 %以上。对病害症状、培养性状、致病性测定、生理生化特性的鉴定结果表明 ,山东省的桑树细菌性疫病病原菌绝大多数属丁香假单胞杆菌桑树致病变种 (Pseudomonassyringaepv .mori)生物型Ⅴ。疫病病原菌可随病残体在自然表土、灭菌土壤、自然土层 10cm深处以及桑树上越冬 ,存活到翌年 5～ 6月份。室内药效测定表明 ,70 %百菌清、卡那霉素和农用链霉素对桑树细菌性疫病病原菌具有较好的抑制作用。田间防治试验以 30 %琥胶肥酸铜悬浮剂的效果最好 ,达85 0 % ,其次为农用链霉素 ,防治效果达 4 5 %以上。     

复方蒲公英注射液对猪弓形体病的疗效观察

猪弓型虫病又称猪弓形体病、弓原虫病。是由垄地弓行虫寄生于各种动物的细胞内引起的一种人、畜共惠的原虫病,该病以患病动物的高热,呼吸及神经系统症状,动物死亡和妊娠动物的流产、死胎、胎儿畸形为特征。暴发弓形体病时,可使整个猪场发病,死亡率可高达60％以上。目前全国各地均有本病的存在,给人类健康和畜牧业发展带来了很大的危害和威胁。本试验对猪临床发病病例经过流行病学调查、临床症状及剖检变化观察、最后经过实验室检查确诊为猪弓形虫病。应用复方蒲公英注射液进行治疗,结果有效率为100％。治愈率为95％,与对照组差异显著（P〈005）,可以在临床推广使用。     

种植模式对土壤酶活性和真菌群落的影响

试验选择黔北具有代表性的灰岩黄壤,在实施秸秆还田的基础上,设置烤烟-小麦(T-W)和烤烟-油菜(T-C)连作,以及烤烟-小麦-玉米(T-W-M)和烤烟-油菜-玉米(T-C-M)轮作处理。利用常规分析和454-高通量测序,连续种植10年后研究了不同种植模式对土壤酶和真菌的影响。结果表明,轮作使土壤有机质比起始时增加11.23%~16.06%,微生物量碳、微生物量氮含量提高,土壤脱氢酶活性增强,有益于保持土壤肥力和生产力。轮作显著提高真菌的18S rDNA序列数、种类(OTUs)和多样性指数,优势度指数和前20种优势菌株的丰富度之和降低,说明轮作改善了土壤生态环境,使之适合多种真菌的繁殖生长,种群数量增加。多种真菌共同存在,互相制约,可防止病原真菌过度繁殖,抑制病害的发生。而在连作土壤中,真菌种群数相对减少,优势种群突出,导致作物真菌病害的发生几率增加。此外,在土壤真菌中,子囊菌超过75%。实施不同种植模式10年之后,前20种优势菌株中仍有8株共同存在于各处理的土壤中;在T-C处理的土壤中,这些优势真菌均可在其他3种种植模式之一的土壤中出现。说明土壤环境与真菌种群结构密切相关,但又因作物种植而变化。     

Retrospective epidemiological investigation of an outbreak of bovine ephemeral fever in 1991 affecting dairy cattle herds on the Mediterranean coastal plain

From August to October 1991 bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) occurred sporadically in two localities in Israel. The morbidity and mortality rates reached 2.6% and 0.1%, respectively. Only 12/50 dairy cattle herds were clinically infected with BEF in the dairy community. The total morbidity rate reached 0.8%. The lowest morbidity rate was recorded in young heifers (5.5%) and the highest in adult cows (75%). Only heifers over the age of three months were clinically affected. The spread of the disease apparently followed the local prevailing night winds, which blow from east to west, i.e., from the land toward the sea. The morbidity period lasted 61 days. The low incidence and morbidity rates were possibly due to the low virulence of the virus strain involved in the 1991 epidemic. Retrospective analysis indicates that vectors - apparently mosquitoes - infected with BEF virus could have been overwintering.     

Advancement in vaccination against Newcastle disease: recombinant HVT NDV provides high clinical protection and reduces challenge virus shedding with the absence of vaccine reactions

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious disease of chickens causing significant economic losses worldwide. Due to the limitation in their efficacy, current vaccination strategies against ND need improvements. This study aimed to evaluate a new-generation ND vaccine for its efficacy in providing clinical protection and reducing virus shedding after challenge. Broiler chickens were vaccinated in ovo or subcutaneously at hatch with a turkey herpesvirus-based recombinant vaccine (rHVT) expressing a key protective antigen (F glycoprotein) of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Groups of birds were challenged at 20, 27, and 40 days of age with a genotype V viscerotropic velogenic NDV strain. Protection was 57% and 81%, 100% and 95%, and 100% and 100% after the subsequent challenges in the in ovo and subcutaneously vaccinated chickens, respectively. Humoral immune response to vaccination could be detected from 3-4 wk of age. Challenge virus shedding was lower and gradually decreased over time in the vaccinated birds compared to the unvaccinated control chickens. In spite of the phylogenetic distance between the NDV F gene inserted into the vector vaccine and the challenge virus (genotype I and V, respectively), the rHVT NDV vaccine provided good clinical protection and significantly reduced challenge virus shedding.     

Canine wobbler syndrome: A study of the Dobermann pinscher in New Zealand

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of wobbler disease within a Dobermann pinscher population from three geographical locations in New Zealand. The study population consisted of 138 adults (aged 1–13 years) and 32 puppies (aged 6 weeks to 11 months). Data collected for each dog included age, sex, geographic location, if a choker chain was used or not and, in adults, the following body measurements: dimensions of head length, head circumference, width between shoulders, neck length, height at withers and withers to rump length. In addition, lateral radiographs were taken of the caudal cervical vertebrae of each dog and the radiological abnormalities associated with wobbler disease scored, so that each dog could be assigned to one of three radiological groupings. Based upon a neurological examination, each animal was also placed into one of three neurological groupings. The relationship between radiological and neurological groupings and the independent variables was initially compared using a univariate and subsequently a multivariate analysis.

It was found that 48.8% of the dogs investigated had some abnormal radiological sign associated with wobbler disease, and 32.0% of them showed neurological signs. Dogs with radiological signs of the disease were 5.56 times more likely to have neurological signs. Statistical analysis of the data indicated that more severe radiological and neurological abnormalities occurred in the older dogs. In addition, dogs located in Hawke's Bay region had less chance of showing radiological changes than dogs from the other two regions, Hamilton and Wellington. Twelve of the 32 puppies were examined for radiological and neurological changes over the first year of their life. No abnormalities were detected in puppies under 12 weeks of age, but 28% (n=9) of the 32 puppies over 3 months of age did show some radiological changes. Only 9%(n=3) of puppies showed any neurological signs. Although several pedigree lines were investigated, the lineage data were incomplete, and therefore there was no conclusive evidence that wobbler disease was an inherited trait.

This study showed that, although the radiological signs of wobbler disease were present throughout a wide age range, the associated neurological changes tended to appear at a later age. In both instances, the severity of these changes increased with age.