精制鳀鱼油的试验

本文报告了实验室内精制鳀鱼油的试验,认为鳀鱼油脱酸时宜用中等浓度的碱液,加碱量为油重2%,温度控制在55℃,脱色采用3%活性炭和3%高岭土的混合脱色法,在脱色同时减低器内压力并通入氮气达到脱臭的目的。     

鱼油精制的初步研究

本文着重研究了鱼油精制过程中的主要影响因素,以鱼油的粘度,气味,鱼泽,酸值,过氧化值作为鱼油的质量指标,通过试验确定了鱼油脱胶,脱酸,脱臭各工艺过程的工艺条件。     

白鲢内脏鱼油的提取及精制

鱼油中因含有较多的多不饱和脂肪酸,因而其药用、食用及营养方面的价值受到广泛重视,近年来,一些鱼油的开发产品也逐渐增多,鱼油的开发利用已成为热点。大量的研究表明：鱼油中的ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸可以预防和治疗多种疾病,其中DHA具有健脑益智作用,EPA具有降血脂、抗血小板凝聚和延缓血栓形成的作用。目前用于提取鱼油的原料主要来自于海水鱼,我国淡水鱼资源丰富,产量居世界首位。淡水鱼加工业发展也较快,生产中产生大量的下脚料（包括内脏、鱼骨、鱼鳞和鱼头等）,约占原料鱼的40％-55％,     

日本DHA高度精制技术研究概况

本文介绍日本有关DHA的生产工艺及精制技术的研究近况,详细叙述了原料的前处理、榨油工艺、脱臭技术、精制技术及DHA应用前景的研究。     

综合法提取鱼油中EPA,DHA的研究

以黄鲫的混合鱼油,经精制后为验原料,采用先经盐析,再用包合的综合法,提取鱼油中的ＥＰＡ、ＤＨＡ,纯度达８２％以上,产品率为２２％,是一种设备简单,提取纯度及产品产较高的纯提工艺。     

鲣鱼加工废弃物中鱼油的提取及纯化的工艺研究

鱼油所含的不饱和脂肪酸既有助于脂的消化吸收、转运和形成,又是生物膜的重要结构物质.鲣鱼加工中产生大量的下脚料,如果用于提取鱼油,可以创造可观的经济效益.本文探讨了利用鲣鱼加工废弃物提取、精制、纯化鱼油的工艺条件,并且对从鲤鱼废弃物中提取鱼油并纯化出高不饱和脂肪酸的方法进行了研究,得到的鱼油中高不饱和脂肪酸占24%,其中...     

从鱼糜下脚料中提取鱼油的研究

研究以金线鱼和长蛇鲻的混合鱼糜生产下脚料为材料,利用钾法提取鱼油。结果表明,钾法提取鱼油的工艺参数为水解pH为7.5,水解温度70℃,水解时间55min,硝酸钾用量4.5%,盐析时间30min,在该条件下鱼油的提取率达到64.5%。鱼油的理化性质达到了SC/T3502-2000标准粗鱼油的二级要求。鱼油中饱和脂肪酸的含量较高,占总量的48.59%;单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸的含量相当,分别为24.48%和24.49%,多不饱和脂肪酸主要是DHA和EPA,含量分别为11.18%和5.17%。     

鱼类血液基因组DNA提取方法优化

The genomic DNA extracted from frozen whole blood of rainbow trout with methods of chloroform-potassium acetate, rapid genomic DNA extraction （RGDE） , improved RGDE, traditional phenol-chloroform and DNA reagent kit respectively, and detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results showed that mothode of improved RGDE can obtain better genomie DNA of fish. Then, the effect of extracting with improved RGDE methods were compared by ultraviolet spectrophotometric method with other mothods such as traditional phenol-chloroform from blood or muscle and DNA reagent kit from blood. The results showed that the average concentration of DNA extracted with method improved RGDE was 1 050 ng/μL, and was very significant higher than that by DNA kit or by phenol- chloroform, and the average output of DNA was 1 575μg/mL, and the rate of A260/A280 was between 1.65 - 1.97. It only spent 2 hours to extract DNA with the method of improved RGDE, and there were many obvious merits such as quick speed, low cost, no pollution and no using specific installations and so on, and to amplify by random primers, the rusuhs was stable,and the electrophoresis banding was clear.     

Microencapsulation of Fish Oil Using Fish Protein Hydrolysate,Maltodextrin, and Gum Arabic: Effect on Structural and Oxidative Stability

ABSTRACT

Microencapsulated fish oil was prepared by spray drying using fish protein hydrolysate, sodium caseinate, maltodextrin, and gum Arabic as wall material. Fish protein hydrolysate was prepared from pink perch meat, and its physical and functional properties were studied. Microencapsulates prepared with a combination of sodium caseinate, maltodextrin, and gum Arabic were kept as control. The encapsulation efficiency and oil release behavior of microencapsulates was evaluated. Surface morphology and thermal properties of microencapsulates were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, respectively. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that the spectral pattern of microencapsulates showed a similar structural pattern with a minor band shift for both control and fish protein hydrolysate containing microencapsulates. Oxidative stability of fish oil microencapsulates indicated that the sample stored under was 4°C was more stable than microencapsulates stored under 60°C and 28 ± 2°C temperature conditions. Moreover, microencapsulates containing fish protein hydrolysate had a lower thiobarbituric acid value. Results suggest that the incorporation of fish protein hydrolysate along with other wall material could improve the oxidative stability of microcapsules during storage.     

鱼油精炼脱酸新工艺

阐述了鱼油精炼中烧碱脱酸方法的弊端，纯碱脱酸方法的优点、关键及工艺流程。     

Changes in the Quality of Refined Fish Oil in an Accelerated Storage Study

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to prepare the refined oil derived from Sardinella longiceps by a step-wise procedure of degumming, bleaching, and deodorization. The refined sardine oil showed greater susceptibility toward oxidation than the crude oil, but the addition of ethyl acetate fractions of the red seaweeds Hypnea musciformis, Kappaphycus alvarezii, and Jania rubens with great antioxidant potential significantly increased the oxidative stability of the refined oil. The refined oil supplemented with the ethyl acetate fraction of these seaweeds indicated more noteworthy oxidative stability indices (≥ 0. 51 h) than α-tocopherol. The induction time was greater for refined oil added with H. musciformis (1.26 h) than butylated hydroxytoluene (1.04 h) and α-tocopherol (0.4 h). No traces of aromatic (δ 6.7–7.5 ppm), hydroperoxides, and aldehydes (δ 9–10 ppm) in the ¹H-NMR spectra of the refined oil supplemented with seaweed extracts at the baseline and after the accelerated storage study demonstrated that the seaweed extracts were able to prevent the formation of secondary oxidation products in the unsaturated system during storage. This study demonstrated the potential of seaweeds as natural alternatives to the synthetic antioxidants to prevent the rancidity of the refined fish for use in food and pharmaceutical industries.     

Effect of Fish Gelatin Coating Enriched with Oregano Essential Oil on the Quality of Refrigerated Rainbow Trout Fillet

ABSTRACT

In the present study, the effect of fish gelatin coating (FG; 4%, w/v) containing oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) essential oil (OEO; 1.2% w/v) on shelf-life extension of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillet stored under refrigerated storage (4 ± 1ºC) was investigated. The control and the treated fish samples were analyzed periodically for chemical (pH; total volatile basic nitrogen, TVB-N; peroxide value, PV; thiobarbituric acid, TBA) and microbiological (total viable count, TVC; psychrotrophic count) characteristics. The FG + OEO treatment produced significantly lower (p < 0.05) TVB-N values as compared to control and FG-coated samples after Day 6 and until the end of the storage period. The TBA values remained low and were found to fluctuate during storage. Results showed that TVC exceeded 6 log CFU g^?1 on Day 8 of storage for control and FG-coated samples and Day 12 for samples coated with FG + OEO. The reduction of 1.05 and 0.83 log CFU g^?1 of psychrotrophic counts was achieved by FG + OEO coating in trout fillet (p < 0.05) as compared with control and FG-coated samples, respectively. Therefore, the incorporation of OEO into FG coating may be a promising method of maintaining the storage quality of the rainbow trout fillet stored at refrigerated temperature.     

豆油替代鱼油对圆斑星鲽幼鱼生长和肌肉脂肪酸的影响

本实验旨在研究饲料中豆油替代鱼油对圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegatus)幼鱼生长和肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响。用豆油分别替代0、25%、50%和75%的鱼油,配制4组等氮、等脂肪的饲料。选择初始体重为(65.47±1.57)g的圆斑星鲽幼鱼360尾,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,养殖56 d。结果显示,(1)随着豆油替代水平的升高,增重率(WGR)呈现降低的趋势(P0.05),饲料系数(FCR)呈现升高的趋势(P0.05),25%替代组的WGR高于鱼油组(P0.05)。(2)豆油替代鱼油对圆斑星鲽肌肉的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分和水分含量无显著性影响(P0.05),对肝体比(HSI)、脏体比(VSI)和肥满度(CF)无显著性影响(P0.05),豆油替代组肝脏的脂肪含量显著高于鱼油组(P0.05)。(3)随着饲料中豆油水平的增加,圆斑星鲽幼鱼肌肉亚油酸(C18:2n-6)和亚麻酸(C18:3n-3)显著升高(P0.05),而二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)则显著降低(P0.05)。研究结果表明,在该实验条件下,饲料中高比例的豆油替代鱼油会降低鱼体的生长性能和肌肉脂肪酸营养品质。     

生态清洁型封闭式循环水养鱼技术研究

从预防病害发生入手,应用沉淀分离、旋流分离和砂滤等固液分离技术,提高循环水量,增加固液分离、生物过滤、紫外线消毒等水质净化频次,保持鱼类、水质环境和病原微生物的生态平衡,以生态清洁的方式健康养殖。结果表明,在生态清洁型循环水系统中养殖点带石斑鱼,养殖期12个月,无明显病害发生,养殖过程不用药,养殖产量为25.44 kg/m2,成活率87.42%。     

加工鱼产品种类的电泳鉴定

介绍了几种鱼的白肌在乳酸脱氢酶和蛋白电泳表型上种的特异特征。链,镛,草,青,尼罗罗非鱼白肌乳酸脱氢酶的谱带数不同,活性强度亦不同;蛋白质电泳图谱的迁移率也有差异。这类特征可为加工产品的种类鉴定提供可靠判据。鱼类电泳鉴定技术的标准化及其应用将为规范鱼品加工业,检验鱼产品提供理想的检测手段。     

酶解法从黄鳍金枪鱼鱼头中提取鱼油的研究

利用蛋白酶酶解法从黄鳍金枪鱼加工的下脚料--鱼头中提取鱼油.以鱼油提取率为指标,选择合适的蛋白酶,研究了酶解工艺条件对提取率的影响.研究结果表明:胰蛋白酶提取鱼油的酶解工艺参数为酶解温度50℃,酶添加量1%,底物浓度1:1,酶解时间4h,酶解pH值8.在此条件下,粗鱼油的提取率为4.22%,理化指标达到了SC/T3502-2000的粗鱼油二级标准,多不饱和脂肪酸总含量高达38.47%,其中DHA和EPA的含量分别为23.63%和4.84%.     

关于在饲料中利用淡水鱼内脏油的研究

用淡水鱼内脏油作配合饲料脂肪源是行之有效的。采用进口酪蛋白、糊精、纤维素、矿物剂及维生素为基础原料,配制四组不同的等量单一脂肪源饲料及四组不等量的相同脂肪源饲料,通过６０ｄ的团头鲂喂养试验,以鱼体增重率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率为试验评定指标,得出：（１）精制鱼油较粗制鱼油为好,添加效果均优于豆油,淡水鱼内脏油是一种理想的饲料脂肪源;（２）精制淡水鱼内脏油与海水鱼油饲养效果相当,淡水鱼内脏油可以部分或全部取代海水鱼油;（３）配合饲料中添加４％～６％的淡水鱼内脏油,不仅可加快鱼体的生长,而且能降低饲料成本,提高蛋白质利用率。