应用巢式PCR法检测猪单个胚胎中的基因突变

单胚胎基因突变检测技术是以单个胚胎的裂解产物为模板进行DNA或RNA分析的方法,该技术的建立将为在单细胞水平进行基因表达和突变检测提供简便而快捷的方法。本研究设计了2对巢式引物,以显微注射了Cas9 mRNA和猪SS基因2个靶点的gRNA的四细胞期孤雌胚胎为试验材料,通过蛋白酶K对猪单个胚胎进行裂解后直接进行巢式PCR分型,并检测到猪胚胎中SS基因的删除突变。该方法可以最大限度减少假阴性和假阳性结果的出现,在猪基因突变检测中具有重要作用。     

哈尔滨圈养东北虎FHV-1的巢式PCR检测及gD基因序列分析

东北虎（Panthera tigris altaica）是世界上体型较大的猫科（Felidae）动物,是我国一级保护动物。疾病防控对东北虎保护与繁育工作至关重要,目前关于东北虎重要病毒病的流行病学资料寥寥无几。传染性鼻气管炎是由猫疱疹病毒Ⅰ型（Feline herpesvirus type 1,FHV-1）感染引起的一种上呼吸道疾病,且现有疫苗免疫后多出现再感染现象,对猫科动物健康造成一定危害。本研究采集50只东北虎全血样本,利用巢式PCR进行FHV-1检测,结果有10份样本扩增出明显目的条带,阳性率为20%;随机选取其中2株扩增FHV-1gD基因全序列,获取的1 125 bp序列与FHV-1参考株同源性为99.16%～99.56%,相比FHV-1参考株,获取序列有5个碱基位点发生了突变。研究结果丰富了圈养东北虎FHV-1流行病学数据,为圈养大型猫科动物的FHV-1监测提供了参考,有利于提高东北虎种群的保护成效。     

Real-time PCR方法检测高脂饲喂小鼠肝脏CYP2A5的表达

为了建立非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)模型小鼠肝组织中CYP2A5表达的实时荧光定量PCR(real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,qRT-PCR)方法。高脂饮食诱导小鼠至8周,采用qRT-PCR方法检测小鼠肝脏中CYP2A5的表达水平,同时评价该方法的特异性。建立了小鼠肝组织中CYP2A5的SYBR Green实时荧光定量PCR检测方法,结果显示,该方法的溶解曲线为单峰,同时核酸电泳显示一条特异性条带。检测结果表明,高脂诱导的NAFLD小鼠肝组织中CYP2A5的表达水平极明显高于正常对照组(P0.01)。表明该实时荧光定量PCR方法,特异性好、灵敏度强,为进一步研究小鼠CYP2A5的表达提供了试验基础。     

两种荧光定量PCR方法检测猪瘟病毒的比较及应用

根据猪瘟病毒（Classical swine fever virus,CSFV）5端非编码区保守区域,设计猪瘟病毒特异性的引物和探针,建立了基于SYBR Green和TaqMan探针的两种荧光定量PCR检测方法。灵敏性和特异性试验结果表明,两种方法能够特异性地检测出不同型的猪瘟病毒,而对同属的牛病毒性腹泻病病毒以及其它一些主要猪病病原检测结果均为阴性。两种方法对猪瘟病毒C株的检测下限均为101TCID50,均高于常规的套式PCR。用携带该基因片段的重组质粒为模板进行检测,SYBR Green方法的检测下限为3×100copies,比TaqMan探针方法更加灵敏（3×101copies）。应用建立的SYBR Green方法对2009年采集于浙江地区不同猪场的20份病猪样品进行CSFV检测,有8份样品为阳性,与套式PCR方法检测结果一致。进一步应用SYBR Green方法对不同感染阶段细胞内病毒RNA复制水平进行检测,与病毒滴度的结果基本一致。因此,本研究建立的SYBRGreen荧光定量PCR检测方法能够应用于组织和培养细胞中猪瘟病毒的检测。     

猪博卡病毒3/4/5型PCR检测方法的建立及应用

通过分析GenBank上登录的猪博卡病毒3/4/5型(PBoV3/4/5型)基因序列,发现这些基因序列中存在一段高度同源性保守序列,针对该序列设计并合成1对引物,成功建立了可同时扩增出PBoV 3/4/5型的PCR检测方法。对2013年8月至2014年5月河南省50份临床腹泻仔猪小肠样品进行检测,结果 21份为PBoV阳性,阳性率为42%,表明PBoV在河南省猪群中存在一定流行。本试验建立的PCR方法对PBoV3/4/5的检测具有简便、快速、灵敏度高和特异性强的特点,为PBoV 3/4/5型的快速检测提供了有效的技术支持。     

5/7型猪细小病毒双重PCR检测方法的建立

猪细小病毒(porcine parvovirus,PPV)是引起猪呼吸和繁殖障碍的重要病原体,感染比例逐年上升,现有PPV5和PPV7的检测效率低,故建立针对PPV5/7的多重检测方法,可增加样品利用率,提高检测效率.本研究根据2种病原的保守序列,设计特异性引物,通过对反应条件和体系优化,建立快速检测PPV5和PPV7...     

检测2种基因型鸭圆环病毒双重PCR方法的建立与应用

为了研究2种基因型鸭圆环病毒(Duck circovirus,DuCV)在我国鸭群中的混合感染情况,根据鸭圆环Cap蛋白基因序列设计了4条特异性引物,建立了可以同时检测2种基因型DuCV的双重PCR检测方法。结果显示,该方法特异性强,灵敏度高,最低可检测到1拷贝的DuCV核酸。使用建立的双重PCR方法对收集的山东省6个鸭群150只病死雏鸭的组织DNA进行检测,结果显示有50.0%(3/6)的鸭群检出DuCV-1和DuCV-2的混合感染,33.33%(2/6)的鸭群检出DuCV-2的单独感染。19只雏鸭被检出感染DuCV,其中2.67%(4/150)的雏鸭检出DuCV-1和DuCV-2的混合感染,10.0%(15/150)的雏鸭只感染DuCV-1或DuCV-2。结果表明,山东省鸭群中存在较为严重的DuCV-1和DuCV-2混合感染的现象。     

牛腺病毒5型TaqMan探针实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

建立针对牛腺病毒5型六邻体(Hexon)基因的实时荧光定量TaqMan PCR检测方法。根据牛腺病毒5型Hexon基因高度保守区设计引物和TaqMan探针,绘制标准曲线,对其灵敏度、特异性、重复性进行验证,建立牛腺病毒5型实时荧光定量TaqMan PCR快速检测方法。结果显示,构建的重组质粒pUC57-BAV5,标准曲线在10~2～10~7拷贝数之间有较好的线性关系,相关系数为0.975 2,建立检测方法的最低检测限为32拷贝/μL;应用建立的方法检测牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒、牛轮状病毒、牛呼吸道合胞体病毒无交叉反应;重复性试验表明,同一浓度的20个平行样品的变异系数为1.4%。牛腺病毒5型TaqMan探针荧光定量PCR方法具有灵敏度高、特异性强、重复性好等特点,可以用于牛腺病毒5型的快速、准确的检测。     

接种H5亚型禽流感疫苗对活禽禽流感荧光PCR检测结果的影响

禽流感是由正粘病毒科A型流感病毒引起的禽类烈性传染病,具有极高的死亡率,是威胁我国养禽业的主要疾病之一。当前及今后的相当长时间里,禽流感防控形势仍会不容乐观,快速检测与诊断、确诊疫情发生与否已成为整个工作的关键。但利用国家标准《H5亚型禽流感病毒荧光RT-PCR检测方     

PCR detection and PFGE genotype analyses of streptococcal clinical isolates from tilapia in China

Large-scale streptococcal outbreaks occurred continuously in tilapia farms of China from 2009 to 2011. The objective of this study was to characterize the prevalent strains of tilapia streptococci from the main cultured areas of China through species specific PCR and pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A total of 105 prevalent strains were isolated from Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Fujian provinces between 2006 and 2011, 85 of which were identified as Streptococcus agalactiae while the rest were all identified as Streptococcus iniae. The prevalent stains in 2006 and 2007 were S. iniae (94.7%, 18/19), with S. agalactiae account for only 5.3% (1/19); The prevalent strains in 2009 and 2011 however changed to S. agalactiae (97.7%, 84/86), with only 2.3% (2/86) was S. iniae. Of these 105 strains, a total of 13 PFGE types (A-M) were characterized, among which D, F, G and K genotypes were predominant, accounting for 81.90% (86/105). The cluster analysis of PFGE electropherograms separated S. iniae and S. agalactiae to two distinctive branches, 20 strains of S. iniae exhibiting 3 types of PFGE band patterns with a similarity of 94.8-100%, and the 85 strains of S. agalactiae producing 10 types of PFGE band patterns with a similarity between 48.4% and 100%. Data suggested that the prevalent strains of tilapia streptococci in China have shifted from the former (before 2008) dominant strains of S. iniae to the current (2009-2011) dominant strains of S. agalactiae. Moreover, PFGE genotypes of the prevalent strains demonstrated geographic differences and temporal changes.     

中国3种旧大陆猴TRIMCyp嵌合基因的存在状况及基因特性研究

本研究应用PCR方法检测了中国3种旧大陆猴(恒河猴、食蟹猴及藏酋猴)的TRIMCyp嵌合基因型个体的存在状况,并首次发现携带TRIMCyp嵌合基因中国品系恒河猴。同时本实验应用建立RT-PCR方法在mRNA水平上进一步检测了恒河猴和食蟹猴的TRIMCyp嵌合基因序列和特性。其编码的融合蛋白TRIMCyp丧失了对HIV-1复制的限制功能,推测具有该基因型旧大陆猴对HIV-1更易感,可用于建立新型的艾滋病非人灵长类动物模型。本研究结果将促进逆转录病毒跨种间传播的研究和建立HIV-1易感非人灵长类动物模型。     

Immunohistochemical detection of p27 and p21 proteins in canine hair follicle and epidermal neoplasms

Trichoblastomas, trichoepitheliomas, and squamous cell carcinomas in the skin of dogs were analysed by immunohistochemistry for the nuclear expression of p27, p21 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). High levels of p27 were present in trichoepitheliomas and trichoblastomas compared with squamous cell carcinomas. Detectable p21 was found in trichoepitheliomas and squamous cell carcinomas, but trichoblastomas had low level of p21 nuclear reactivity. Low levels of PCNA were detected in trichoepitheliomas and trichoblastomas compared with squamous cell carcinomas. The results suggested that nuclear p27 acts as a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor in trichoepitheliomas and trichoblastomas. Nuclear p21 expression is involved in the induction of epithelial differentiation and seems to be unrelated to CDK inhibition.     

毛囊干细胞研究进展

文章阐述了毛囊干细胞的定位、表面标记及分化调控,同时阐述了毛囊干细胞在毛发再生、创面愈合、决定动物皮毛颜色基因程序重调及其它方面的应用。对实现毛发再生,促进皮肤损伤后功能与结构的完全修复具有重要意义。     

PCR detection of bovine papilloma virus DNA in superficial swabs and scrapings from equine sarcoids

The purpose of this study was to examine if bovine papilloma virus (BPV) DNA can be detected in superficial swabs or scrapings from equine sarcoids. Samples were obtained from 92 sarcoids and 20 non-sarcoidal control lesions. The polymerase chain reaction technique was used with a first primer set to check whether DNA extraction was successful, and with a second primer set specific for BPV-DNA. DNA isolation was successful in 88% of the swabs and 93% of the scrapings. All control lesions were negative for BPV-DNA.     

Heat stress decreased hair follicle population in rex rabbits

The aim of this study was conducted to investigate the effect of heat stress on the hair follicle population and related signalling pathways in rex rabbits. Forty‐eight rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: one group in a high ambient environment (32 ± 2°C, heat stress) and the other group with normal temperature (20 ± 2°C, control). The results show that heat stress decreased the body weight gain and feed conversion rate, rabbit hair length and hair follicle density (p < 0.05). Besides, heat stress suppressed the gene expression of noggin, insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) and IGF‐1 receptor and protein expression of phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) in rabbit skin (p < 0.05), while stimulated significantly the gene expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) and BMP4 (p < 0.05). Heat exposure did not alter significantly the gene expression of alkaline phosphatase, versican and hepatocyte growth factor compared with the control (p > 0.05). In conclusion, noggin‐BMP, IGF‐1 and mTOR signalling pathways may be associated with the process of heat stress‐repressing hair follicle development.     

山羊毛囊干细胞的分离及体外培养

试验采用2．4U／mL Dispase酶消化和机械切割法分离毛囊隆突部,经胰酶（0．5mg／mL胰酶＋0．2mg／mL EDTA）消化从山羊耳部皮肤分离得到的毛囊干细胞,然后进行形态学观察、细胞生长曲线测定、克隆形成率及免疫组化染色检测,并对毛囊干细胞的基础培养基进行了筛选。结果表明：DMEM／F12是一种适合毛囊干细胞体外增殖培养的培养基;在以DMEM／F12为基础培养液的培养体系中细胞可传代至19代。     

牛分枝杆菌特异性多重PCR反应在临床样本检测中的应用

本试验应用建立的三重PCR反应检测256份血液样本,结果其中的2份样本呈阳性.应用在线blast进行同源性比较,结果发现,牛分枝杆菌特异性基因IS6110,IS1081和recA与牛分枝杆菌AF2122/97株的同源性均达到99％以上.