猫血清IgG的纯化及酶标兔抗猫二抗的制备

采用辛酸-硫酸铵法和Sephadex G-150分子筛层析法纯化猫血清IgG,SDS-PAGE电泳检测;用纯化的IgG免疫新西兰兔,制备兔抗猫IgG抗血清,并用上述方法提纯兔抗猫IgG,改良过碘酸钠法标记辣根过氧化物酶,即获得兔抗猫IgG的酶标抗体。     

鹅卵黄IgG的纯化及兔抗鹅IgG酶标抗体的制备

采用三氯甲烷去脂、无水Na2S04盐析、DEAE23纤维素层析相结合的方法纯化鹅卵黄IgG,SDS-PAGE检测表明,所得鹅卵黄IgG纯度可达93%;用纯化的IgG免疫家兔,抗血清经双向琼脂扩散,证明兔抗鹅IgG抗血清效价约1:64,免疫电泳试验检测,证明得到了特异性抗血清,提取兔抗血清的IgG,用辣根过氧化物酶标记,制备了兔抗鹅IgG的酶标抗体,酶标抗体的效价为1:6400.     

鸡血浆纤维连接蛋白的提纯及酶联免疫吸附检测方法的建立

利用纤维连接蛋白（FN）与明胶特异结合的特点，用明胶亲和层析结合电泳裁胶的方法提纯鸡血浆FN并制备了兔抗鸡FN抗血清。纯化的FN经凝胶电泳鉴定为一条蛋白带与人FN在同一位置上，亚单位分子量约230KDa；经免疫鉴定，提纯鸡血浆FN与兔抗人FN抗体有交叉反应性。用兔抗鸡FN抗体包被捕捉抗原，建立了检测鸡血浆FN的双抗体酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA），此法具有操作简单、特异性强、灵敏度高的特点，适用于鸡血浆FN的检测。鸡血浆FN的提及其检测方法的建立，为FN的兽医领域的进一步研究和应用奠定了基础。     

应用辛酸硫酸铵法提纯兔抗鸡传染性法氏囊病IgG抗体

近年来,兔抗鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(IBDV)IgG抗体被广泛应用于鸡病诊断、免疫检测、治疗等方面。在提纯IgG过程中,为了保证除去绝大多数杂蛋白和白蛋白,保留大多数免疫球蛋白(Ig),同时又不影响IgG的生物活性,就需要一种好的提纯方法[1]。IgG的提取和纯化方法很多,但是各有优点与不足。单一辛酸法和硫酸铵法操作简单,但提取的IgG纯度不高。柱层析可获得高纯度的抗体,但成本很高,且回收率低[2]。本试验利用辛酸硫酸铵法对制备的兔抗     

兔抗鹅IgG酶标抗体的制备及初步应用

为了研究兔抗鹅IgG酶标抗体的制备,试验采用水稀释-辛酸-硫酸铵法粗提,透析除盐,DEAEA-50纤维素层析相结合的方法提取鹅卵黄IgG,经核酸蛋白检测仪和SDS-PAGE测定IgG浓度;制备兔抗鹅IgG酶标抗体;利用酶标抗体检测小鹅瘟病毒(GPV)VP3基因疫苗的免疫效果。结果表明,粗提的IgG浓度为10 mg/mL,抗体纯度可达到94.5%;免疫扩散得出兔抗鹅 IgG抗血清效价约 1∶32,抗体酶标后效价为1∶3000;酶标抗体可以作为检测疫苗效果一种很好的工具。     

应用辛酸法-DEAE纤维素吸附过滤法提纯的IgG制备RIA用二抗

用辛酸沉淀法结合DEAE纤维素吸附过滤法,从兔、绵羊、驴和人血清中提取IgG,经PAGE和ID分析,其纯度和免疫活性较好.用提纯的兔IgG和人IgG制备的二抗,抗体效价高(驴抗兔IgG高达1024倍,羊抗人IgG达256倍),特异性好,抗体亲和力强,可供作RIA免疫分离沉淀试剂.     

抗猪IgG单克隆抗体的制备与应用

采用辛酸一硫酸铵盐析和SuperdexTM-200 凝胶层析分离纯化猪血清IgG,免疫BALB/c小鼠,利用细胞融合技术获得8株稳定分泌抗猪IgG 单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞.Ig 亚类分析表明,所制备单克隆抗体的轻链亚类均为K,重链除6H3为IgG2b外,其余7株均属于IgG1.Western blot分析显示,5株单克隆抗体识别猪IgG轻链,3株单克隆抗体识别猪IgG重链.以蛋白G亲和层析纯化单克隆抗体7H1腹水,用改良过碘酸钠法进行辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)标记,结果显示,HRP 标记抗猪IgG单克隆抗体对纯化猪IgG的工作浓度达1:12 800.将HRP标记鼠抗猪IgG单克隆抗体与HRP标记羊抗猪IgG多克隆抗体应用于猪血清圆环病毒抗体检测,二者符合率为95.12%,其ELISA和Westem blot的工作浓度为1:2 000和1:10000,表明HRP标记抗猪IgG单克隆抗体具有高度的敏感性.本研究制备的酶标抗猪IgG单克隆抗体为猪病的免疫诊断试剂研究和猪细胞生物学研究提供了一种基础工具.     

鸡免疫球蛋白(GIgG)轻链的分离纯化及其抗血清的制备

经硫酸铵盐析、柱色谱分离得到纯化的鸡血清IgG。继用2-巯基乙醇还原、碘乙酰胶烷化拆开IgG的轻、重链,再经Sephadex G100凝胶过滤柱色谱分离得到IgG轻链。以IgG轻链免疫家兔制得兔抗鸡IgG轻链抗血清。     

一种简单、快速提纯腹水单克隆抗体(IgG)的方法

利用辛酸首先沉淀掉非 IgG 类蛋白,再用硫酸铵沉淀出 IgG.此法提纯的 IgG 纯度与 DEAE-32柱层析、Pro-tein A 亲和层析纯化的结果相似.抗体提纯前、后的效价不变,抗体收获量达90%以上。该法可广泛应用于鸡、猪、绵羊血清 lgG 的纯化,适用于从大批量样品中提纯lgG.     

鸡血清载脂蛋白AⅠ的分离纯化及其抗血清的制备

用磷钨酸沉淀制备鸡血清HDL，乙醇-丙酮混合液(体积比为1：1)脱脂后采用DEAE Sepharose CL-6B离子交换柱层析法分离鸡血清apoAⅠ，分离获得的apoAⅠ在尿素-SDS-PAGE电泳中呈现单一条带，其分子质量约为27788u。将提取的apoAⅠ对新西兰雄兔进行多次免疫，制备得兔抗鸡apoAⅠ抗血清，其效价为1：16。在免疫电泳和双向免疫扩散试验中抗血清均只呈现1条清晰沉淀带。试验结果表明，用磷钨酸沉淀法制备兔抗鸡apoAⅠ抗血清，过程简便，时间短且分离效果好。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.