罗非鱼鱼皮胶原提取的研究

胶原是一种重要的功能性蛋白质,它与细胞增生、分化、运动、免疫、关节润滑、钙化、伤口愈合、器官支撑、机体保护等密切相关,现在已引起人们的广泛关注。由于其特殊的生物功能,其提取物已被广泛应用与医药、食品、日用化工、生物合成等众多领域,如制造药用胶囊、外科手术材料、食用明胶、照相明胶、化妆品等。     

超声辅助酶法提取罗非鱼皮胶原蛋白及其溶解特性

以罗非鱼皮为原料,探究了超声辅助酶法提取罗非鱼皮胶原蛋白的最佳工艺及其溶解特性。采用超声功率、加酶量、超声时间作为单因素试验自变量,并进行响应面优化,求得使胶原蛋白得率最高的提取条件。将罗非鱼皮超声辅助酶法所得胶原蛋白(Ultrasonic pepsin-soluble collagen, UPSC)和常规酶法所得胶原蛋白(Pepsin-soluble collagen, PSC)进行蛋白得率、紫外光谱及溶解特性分析比较。结果显示：最优提取工艺为超声功率165 W、超声时间26 min、加酶量1.67%,此条件下UPSC得率(62.26%)显著高于PSC(29.02%)。紫外光谱分析得到二者的最大吸收峰均在230 nm而不是280 nm处,符合Ι型胶原蛋白特征。在不同pH条件下,UPSC的相对溶解度几乎均高于PSC。研究表明：超声辅助酶法是一种高效、环保、简便的提取罗非鱼皮胶原蛋白的方法,适合工业化生产。本研究不但提供了超声辅助酶法提取罗非鱼皮胶原蛋白的最佳工艺,而且所得胶原蛋白得率高、相对溶解度较好,为其在食品加工方面的应用提供了依据。     

酶法提取鱿鱼皮胶原蛋白工艺条件的研究

研究了酶法提取鱿鱼皮胶原蛋白的工艺条件。根据5种蛋白酶水解液中羟脯氨酸（HYP）的含量,确定了胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶这2种提取率高的酶为水解用酶,采用L16（4^5）正交试验确定了这2种酶水解鱿鱼皮以制备胶原蛋白的最佳酶解条件。结果表明,胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶水解鱿鱼皮以制备胶原蛋白的最佳温度、加酶量、底物浓度、pH、时间分别为55℃、1200U·g^-1、1：20、pH8.0、4h和50℃、3200U·g^-1、1：20、pH6.0、6h。2种蛋白酶提取的胶原蛋白含量分别为11.08%和11.36%,提取率分别为95.16%和97.56%。     

鱿鱼皮胶原蛋白的提取及在化妆品中的应用

胶原蛋白对皮肤具修复和滋养作用,又有良好组织相容性[1],成为美容界流行和推崇的化妆品原料.鱿鱼皮中胶原蛋白含量较高,约占质量的37%[2],采用适宜方法提取胶原蛋白,并应用到化妆品中,开发鱿鱼皮胶原蛋白美容制剂,具有良好产业化前景.     

罗非鱼鱼骨胶原提取工艺研究

<正>众所周知,鱼皮、鱼鳞及鱼骨是水产加工产生的主要废弃物,这些废弃物约占原料鱼质量的40%～55%。据统计,近几年我国水产品年产量均超过4 500多万t,而每年鱼的废弃物总量就达到200多万t。现阶段已有一些从鱼皮及鱼骨中提取胶原及胶原蛋白的报道,但从鱼骨中提取胶原还少见报道。鱼骨中约含30%左右的胶原,如能将这些废弃物中的胶原提取出来,会具有可观的经济效益。     

罗非鱼鱼皮提取明胶的酶法脱脂工艺研究

用脂肪酶对罗非鱼鱼皮进行酶法脱脂工艺研究。通过单因素与正交试验确定最适的酶法脱脂工艺为:pH值9,脱脂时间3h,酶添加量2%,料液比1:4,温度40℃,该工艺的脱脂率可达67.5%。通过超声波辅助脱脂研究表明其脱脂率并无明显的提高。     

鲤鱼鳞酸溶性胶原蛋白提取的研究

研究了以酸法提取鲤鱼鳞胶原蛋白过程中温度、时间、乙酸浓度的影响,并以SAS对影响因素进行了回归分析,得到了鲤鱼鳞胶原蛋白提取的最佳条件,温度18℃、提取时间38 h、乙酸浓度为1.3 m ol/L,在提取之前,采用Na2CO3处理对胶原蛋白提取有较大的提高。为淡水鱼综合加工利用提供理论依据。     

海地瓜中具吸湿保湿特性的胶原蛋白肽提取工艺研究

本文研究了海地瓜（Acaudina molpadioides）胶原蛋白多肽的提取工艺。利用氯化钠溶液去除海地瓜中的非胶原蛋白,通过单因素实验得出去除非胶原蛋白氯化钠的最佳浓度和体积：浓度为9％,体积为10倍海地瓜质量的氯化钠溶液,浸泡24h,可除去的非胶原蛋白占总蛋白的11．5％。通过单酶实验,选择AS．1398中性蛋白酶为实验用酶。以吸湿性和保湿性为指标,在单因素水平的基础上,采用正交实验对制备海地瓜胶原蛋白多肽的条件进行了优化,获得最佳工艺条件为：料液比为1：2、温度40℃、加酶量2400U／g、pH7．5、时间3h,胶原蛋白多肽的吸湿率和保湿率分别为6．11％和81．23％。     

尼罗罗非鱼鱼皮胶原蛋白中游离基清除肽的制备及其抗氧化活性

采用菠萝蛋白酶和Alcalase酶依次对尼罗罗非鱼皮胶原进行复合酶解.研究了该酶解产物的体外抗氧化活性.实验表明,该酶解产物具有较强的超氧阴离子/羟基自由基清除活性和还原能力.采用不同截留分子量的超滤膜将该酶解物分离成5个组分,即TGH-Ⅰ(＞10 ku),TGH-Ⅱ(10～5 ku),TGH-Ⅲ(5～3 ku),TGH-Ⅳ(3～1 ku)和TGH-Ⅴ(10 ku).其中TGH-Ⅴ组分显示出最强的超氧阴离子自由基清除活性,因此采用凝胶过滤、离子交换和反向高压液相色谱技术对该组分进一步分离纯化.纯化得到的肽具有很强的超氧阴离子自由基清除活性,其IC50值为4.6 μg·mL-1.通过质谱分析可知,该肽的分子量位于311.3～932.8 u之间.     

大鲵皮中胶原蛋白的提取及性质研究

为了开发和利用大鲵皮胶原蛋白,在低温4℃条件下使用酶解工艺提取养殖大鲵皮中的胶原蛋白,并研究了其组成和部分生化性质。结果表明:大鲵皮羟脯氨酸含量为22.3 mg/g,胶原蛋白提取率为26.7%(湿重),其中水分、粗灰分、粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量分别为6.75%、0.62%、0.38%和92.10%,含有成人六种必需氨基酸和儿童必需氨基酸两种,亚氨基酸含量为171残基/1 000残基数,脯氨酸羟基化比例为51.5%。紫外吸收显示大鲵皮胶原蛋白的强吸收峰在230 nm附近,根据SDS-PAGE分析,含有两种不同的α链(α1和α2),初步确认提取得到的大鲵皮胶原蛋白是Ⅰ型胶原蛋白。     

草鱼皮胶原的提取及性能的初步研究

测定了草鱼皮的部分基本化学组成成分,比较了用酶法提取草鱼皮胶原的提取工艺,并对所提草鱼皮胶原的氨基酸组成、分子量分布、变性温度等进行了分析测定。结果表明:用酶法提取草鱼皮胶原是可行的,但应加强皮的预处理;草鱼皮胶原氨基酸组成中,亚氨基酸(脯氨酸和羟脯氨酸)含量低于猪皮胶原中亚氨基酸含量;差式扫描量热计测定草鱼皮胶原变性温度约为20℃;电泳结果显示所提胶原大部分保持了其天然的三股螺旋结构,但可能有部分胶原发生了变性。     

酶解罗非鱼鱼皮胶制备降血压肽的研究

为探讨罗非鱼鱼皮胶制备降血压肽的酶解工艺,研究选用Neutrase中性蛋白酶、Alcalase碱性内切蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和复合蛋白酶分别对罗非鱼鱼皮胶进行酶解,对其酶解液的水解度进行比较。结果表明复合蛋白酶的酶解效果最好。对复合蛋白酶的酶解工艺进行单因素优化,确定其最佳酶解工艺为:温度50℃、pH值7.0、料液比1∶5、酶量为底物量的1.5%。在此条件下水解6h时,水解度为60%,酶解产物对血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)的抑制率最高,达到78.96%。     

Characteristics of Collagen from Rohu (Labeo rohita) Skin

Acid soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin soluble collagen (PSC) were isolated from rohu skin with the yield of 64.2 and 6.8% (dry weight basis), respectively. Both collagens had glycine as the major amino acid with imino acid content of 196–202 residues/1,000 residues and were characterized as type I collagen with molecular composition of (α1)₂α2-heterotrimer. Fourier transform infrared spectra of both collagens were similar, with no shift in wavenumber of all amide bands. The T_max value of ASC and PSC was 36.40 and 35.48°C, respectively. The zero surface net charge of ASC and PSC was found at pH 5.9 and 5.3, respectively.     

Physicochemical Properties of Pepsin-Solubilized Collagen Extracted from Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Scale

ABSTRACT

The aim was to investigate the physicochemical properties of pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) extracted from fish scales of Nile tilapia. The results indicated that Nile tilapia scales are rich in collagen. Therefore, the scales are a promising cost-effective collagen source. The conversion of hydroxyproline to collagen was 12.9. Based on the patterns of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), PSC comprised at least two different α chains, α1 and α2, and was classified to be type I with no disulfide. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum showed that the bands of amide A, I, and II of PSC were found at 3,301, 1,631, and 1,239 cm^?1 wavelength. The content of imino acids was 187 residues per 1,000 total amino acid residues. Maximum solubility was observed at pH 4, and minimum was at pH 7. Almost no change in solubility was observed in the presence of NaCl up to 2% (w/v), and the decrease was more pronounced with increasing NaCl concentration. The temperature of denaturation was 35.4°C. Results show that PSC has physicochemical properties that can be applied in the cosmetics, biomedical, pharmaceutical, and food industries.     

Isolation and Characterization of Pepsin-Soluble Collagen from the Skin of Peru Squid (Dosidicus gigas)

Pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) was isolated from Peru squid (Dosidicus gigas) skin and physicochemical properties of the PSC were determined. The PSC exhibited a maximum absorbance at 220 nm. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggested the collagen containing α1 and α2 chain was classified as type I collagen. Amino acid composition indicated that the collagen had lower amino acid content than that of mammalian collagen. Denaturation temperature (T_d) of the PSC was 26.8°C. The PSC had relatively high solubility in alkaline condition or NaCl concentrations below 2%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy investigations showed the existence of helical arrangements of collagen. The lyophilized collagen had a uniform and regular network structure. These results suggested that Peru squid skin was a potential source of collagen for further research and application.     

Dynamic Viscoelastic Properties of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Skin Gelatin

ABSTRACT

The viscoelastic properties of gelatin extracted from tilapia skin (protein yield: 21.2%) were evaluated using dynamic rheology tests. The flow curves of tilapia gelatin sols (1.0–6.6% w/w, 40°C; 0.5%, 2–40°C) complied with the Herschel-Bulkley model (R² = 0.92–0.99), indicating the presence of yield stress, while the gelling and melting temperature of gelatin dispersions (1.0–6.6%) fit well with the Eldridge-Ferry model (R² = 0.97). Tilapia skin gelatin displayed good thermo-stability and strong gel-forming properties, showing great potential as an alternative for mammal-based gelatin applied in various food products.     

罗非鱼碎肉酶法制备蛋白胨的工艺研究

为探讨罗非鱼碎鱼肉酶法制备蛋白胨的加工工艺,采用正交试验的方法,分别研究了木瓜蛋白酶、AS.1398中性蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶水解罗非鱼碎肉制备蛋白胨的工艺条件。结果表明:木瓜蛋白酶的最佳水解工艺条件为pH6.5,温度65℃,水解时间4h,加酶量1250 U/g,蛋白胨得率达12.63%;AS.1398中性蛋白酶最佳水解工艺条件为pH 7.5,温度55℃,水解时间4 h,加酶量750 U/g,蛋白胨得率达13.25%;复合蛋白酶的最佳水解工艺条件为pH 7.0,温度50℃,水解时间4.5 h,加酶量850 U/g,蛋白胨得率达11.43%。     

Growth Performance of Triploid Red Tilapia Reared Under Laboratory Conditions

Triploidy could reduce breeding activity in tilapia without the use of hormones. In this study, the effect of triploidy on survival, growth, and gender of a line of red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus X Oreochromis niloticus) was assessed relative to the performance of diploid siblings. Triploidy was induced by preventing second polar body extrusion by applying either heat or cold shock. Growth was similar for both ploidies during the first 90 days of culture. However, at the age of 120 days, the average body weight of triploids produced by heat shock (215.5 ± 3.61 g) was significantly higher than that of cold shock (192.7 ± 2.6 g) and the diploid control (191.9 ± 1.74 g). Survival among triploids was inferior to diploids. Percentage of males in the triploid population was 82.9% in the heat-shocked treatment group, 54.8% in the cold-shock treatment, and 50% in the diploid control. Maximum attainable weight of red tilapia was calculated by applying the Ford-Walford growth plot: 650 g (heat-shocked triploids), 490 g (cold-shocked triploids), and 440 g in the diploid control.     

越冬罗非鱼细菌性类结节病的初步研究

1997－2000年，对罗非鱼类结节病（暂定名）进行了研究。经分离，纯化以及回归发病试验，鉴定其病原为嗜气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophola)。在此基础上筛选出氯霉素，庆大霉素，诺氟沙星，环丙沙星和复配制剂（穿心莲，黄芪，大黄，痢菌净）等防治类结节病的敏感药物，并提出健康养殖措施。