1-MCP处理对不同贮藏设施条件下富士苹果保鲜效果的影响

以富士苹果为试材,研究了不同贮藏设施(大型恒温冷库、小型组装式恒温贮藏库、改造土窑洞、传统土窑洞)条件下1-MCP处理对富士苹果采后生理特性和贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,富士苹果属呼吸跃变型果实,在四种不同贮藏设施条件下,1-MCP处理均可明显降低贮藏期间果实的呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率,较好地保持果实硬度和可滴定酸含量,且贮藏设施条件越好,1-MCP的处理效果越明显。但果实的可溶性固形物含量有所降低,可能是1-MCP处理延缓了果实的后熟、成熟度较低的缘故。     

1-MCP和货架温度对“乔纳金”苹果贮后

为了提高“乔纳金”苹果货架期间的商品价值,减少货架损失,本试验将苹果经1-甲基环丙稀（1-MCP）处理后置于（0±1）℃冷库贮藏3个月,然后存放于不同的货架温度（5、10、15、20 ℃）,研究不同货架温度对1-MCP处理后果实感官品质和营养特性的影响。结果表明：经过3个月的贮藏,“乔纳金”苹果果实品质下降较快,未经1-MCP处理的对照组货架时间短,果实硬度低,1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基清除能力下降快,适合短期贮藏,以5 ℃和15 ℃货架温度货架放置8 d较好;1-MCP处理可以较好地维持“乔纳金”苹果贮藏期间较高的品质,有效地延迟货架期果实品质的下降,从综合效果来看,1-MCP处理组在短期8 d货架时间,可以放置在15 ℃较高温度下,而长期货架放置（24 d）时,在低温5 ℃和10 ℃条件下苹果的感官和品质较好。本研究结果为“乔纳金”苹果的贮藏保鲜和货架期的选择提供了技术支持。     

1-MCP和货架温度对“乔纳金”苹果贮后品质的影响

为了提高"乔纳金"苹果货架期间的商品价值,减少货架损失,本试验将苹果经1-甲基环丙稀(1-MCP)处理后置于(0±1)℃冷库贮藏3个月,然后存放于不同的货架温度(5、10、15、20℃),研究不同货架温度对1-MCP处理后果实感官品质和营养特性的影响。结果表明:经过3个月的贮藏,"乔纳金"苹果果实品质下降较快,未经1-MCP处理的对照组货架时间短,果实硬度低,1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除能力下降快,适合短期贮藏,以5℃和15℃货架温度货架放置8 d较好;1-MCP处理可以较好地维持"乔纳金"苹果贮藏期间较高的品质,有效地延迟货架期果实品质的下降,从综合效果来看,1-MCP处理组在短期8 d货架时间,可以放置在15℃较高温度下,而长期货架放置(24 d)时,在低温5℃和10℃条件下苹果的感官和品质较好。本研究结果为"乔纳金"苹果的贮藏保鲜和货架期的选择提供了技术支持。     

纳米果蜡和1-MCP处理对“新红星”苹果贮藏效果的影响

以"新红星"苹果为试材,在常温条件下分别研究了果蜡涂膜保鲜,1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)熏蒸,以及1-MCP与果蜡涂膜保鲜共复合处理的贮藏效果。结果表明,1-MCP与果蜡涂膜的复合处理能有效地降低"新红星"苹果的质量损失率,抑制果实硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量的下降,降低其呼吸强度及乙烯释放量,延缓果实衰老,较好地保持了果实在采后贮藏期间的品质。     

纳米果蜡和1-MCP处理对“新红星”苹果贮藏效果的影响

以“新红星”苹果为试材,在常温条件下分别研究了果蜡涂膜保鲜,1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)熏蒸,以及1-MCP与果蜡涂膜保鲜共复合处理的贮藏效果.结果表明,1-MCP与果蜡涂膜的复合处理能有效地降低“新红星”苹果的质量损失率,抑制果实硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量的下降,降低其呼吸强度及乙烯释放量,延缓果实衰老,较好地保持了果实在采后贮藏期间的品质.     

1-MCP处理对不同产地酥梨低温贮后货架期防褐保鲜效应的研究

以山西太谷和运城地区的砀山酥梨为试材,研究不同浓度1-MCP处理的酥梨果实在（0±0．5）℃低温条件下长期贮藏后常温20℃货架9d期间的品质和果实虎皮病的变化规律。结果表明：1-MCP处理能极显著抑制（运城）和完全控制（太谷）酥梨果实贮藏后货架期间的虎皮病．保持果实良好的外观色泽和内在品质,明显降低酥梨果实的呼吸强度和乙烯释放量以及果皮和果肉组织的总酚含量和PPO活性。1-MCP处理可以作为控制砀山酥梨低温贮藏后货架期间果实组织褐变f尤其是虎皮病1和保持良好品质的主要技术措施,建议1-MCP适宜处理浓度为0．5～1．0μL／L。     

1-MCP处理对库尔勒香梨低温贮藏期间活性氧代谢及品质的影响

以库尔勒香梨为材料,研究1.0μL/L 1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理对梨果实低温贮藏(-1.5～0℃、RH 90%～95%)期间活性氧代谢及品质的影响。结果表明:在低温贮藏期间,1-MCP处理可以保持梨果实的过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,减缓梨果实O2·产生速率、H2O2含量的上升,减少丙二醛(MDA)的积累;1-MCP处理延缓梨果实色度角、硬度的下降,保持果实的可溶性固形物(SSC)含量和VC含量,推迟呼吸速率高峰的出现,抑制果实蜡质含量的上升,有效保持了低温贮藏期间梨果实的品质。     

1-MCP对青脆李亚低温贮藏期间生理生化及品质的影响

以四川茂县青脆李为试材,研究1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)对亚低温(8±0.5℃)条件下青脆李的生理生化及其贮藏期间果实品质变化的影响。结果表明:1-MCP处理可显著抑制青脆李果实的呼吸作用和乙烯的释放速率,并降低两者的峰值;可保持果实细胞膜的完整性,降低PPO活性和酚类物质的消耗,减少褐变。其中以1.0μL.L-1浓度的1-MCP处理能够更有效地保持果实的质地与风味,亚低温条件下贮藏28 d,褐变指数为0,腐烂指数为5.3,显著好于对照和其他浓度的1-MCP处理,延长果实保鲜期达到20 d。     

1-MCP处理对丽江雪桃低温贮藏品质的影响

以丽江雪桃为试验材料,研究其分别经0．5、1．0、1．5、2．0μL／L浓度的1-MCP处理后,放置在（3±1）℃冷藏条件下贮藏27d及货架3d（16＋2）℃的品质变化情况。结果表明,1-MCP处理能够延缓在低温贮藏条件下丽江雪桃的后熟和衰老进程．显著降低果肉褐变指数．较好地保持果实中可滴定酸含量,维持果实硬度,抑制失重率的增加,提高果实品质。其中。以2汕L,L浓度的1-MCP处理对保持果实硬度和可滴定酸含量、抑制失重的效果要好于其他处理,控制果肉褐变以1μL／L浓度的1-MCP处理效果为好。各浓度的1-MCP处理对可溶性固形物含量的变化无明显影响。     

不同1-MCP处理方式对元帅系苹果常温贮藏效果的影响

以天汪一号和套袋金冠苹果为材料,研究大帐控温1-MCP处理和纸箱式1-MCP处理对其常温贮藏效果的影响。结果表明:箱式1-MCP处理能有效抑制天汪一号果实的呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率,保持果实较高的硬度、可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸含量,但效果不及大帐控温1-MCP处理;箱式1-MCP处理反而促进金冠苹果的乙烯释放和呼吸速率,降低其果实硬度和可溶性固形物含量。总体来看,大账控温1-MCP处理对元帅系苹果的保鲜效果优于箱式1-MCP处理。     

Involvement of ethylene in browning development of controlled atmosphere-stored ‘Empire’ apple fruit

‘Empire’ apples [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] are susceptible to development of chilling injury, expressed as firm flesh browning, during controlled atmosphere (CA) storage. Because of this susceptibility, fruit are typically stored at 2–4 °C, but the incidence of flesh browning can be increased by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment at these temperatures. In this study, flesh browning development has been investigated in relationship to ethylene production, internal ethylene concentration (IEC), flesh firmness, total phenolic concentrations, and the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POX) in the flesh tissues. Fruit were harvested from two orchards, either untreated or 1-MCP treated, and then stored under CA conditions at either 0.5 or 4 °C. Fruit were removed from storage at 1.5-month intervals for 10.5 months. 1-MCP treated apples were firmer than those of untreated apples, and had lower IECs, at all removals. Flesh browning incidence and severity developed earlier in 1-MCP-treated apples than untreated apples stored at either temperature. Total phenolic concentrations differed by orchard, but no major differences in concentrations were detected between untreated and 1-MCP treated apples. However, PPO activities were higher in the flesh of 1-MCP treated apples than untreated apples from both orchards and at both storage temperatures. POX activity was not consistently affected by 1-MCP treatment or storage temperature. Overall, our results suggest that inhibited ethylene production, either as a result of storage at 0.5 °C, or by treatment with 1-MCP at either temperature, may cause stress and damage to cells and result in higher PPO activity that leads to progressive flesh browning development during CA storage.     

Measuring consumer response to ‘Gala’ apples treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP)

Post-harvest apple treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) was previously found to inhibit fruit ripening but also to inhibit the production of volatile compounds that contribute to apple flavor. The first objective of this study was to determine if consumers could distinguish 1-MCP treated and untreated Gala apples [Malus sylvestris L. (Mill.) var. domestica Borkh. Mansf.] following long-term storage. Chemical analysis showed 1-MCP treated fruit had reduced flavor volatiles compared to untreated fruit. Consumer difference tests showed they could distinguish between 1-MCP treated and untreated fruit. A second objective was to compare consumers’ acceptance for 1-MCP treated to untreated apples. Both 1-MCP treated and untreated apples received high overall liking scores that were not significantly different. Equal numbers of consumers indicated preference for 1-MCP treated and untreated fruit and there was no difference in purchase intent. However, subsets of consumers who eat Gala, Fuji or Red Delicious apples showed preference for untreated over 1-MCP treated fruit compared to consumers who do not eat these varieties.     

1-MCP对苹果采后生理的影响

1-MCP(1-Methylcyelopropene,1-甲基环丙烯)具有抑制剂作用,明显抑制果实采后乙烯生成并降低呼吸延迟其高峰出现,保持果实硬度、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物和果皮叶绿素含量。并调查了1-MCP对苹果采后生理的影响,而且对1-MCP应用中存在的一些问题及影响因素进行了探讨。     

1-MCP处理对黄瓜冷藏期间保鲜效果的影响

以“叶三”黄瓜果实为材料,采用10 ppm1-MCP处理24 h后,与对照(CK)同时转入0℃低温冷藏,并对低温贮藏过程中的黄瓜感官品质、组织相对电导率、可滴定酸(TA)、Vc含量和失重率的变化进行了研究,结果表明,1-MCP处理可抑制低温贮藏中黄瓜相对电导率的上升,减缓黄瓜果实冷害症状的发展,同时延缓Vc和可滴定酸的下降速率,维持黄瓜较好品质。     

Relationship of IAD index to internal quality attributes of apples treated with 1-methylcyclopropene and stored in air or controlled atmospheres

The research was conducted to evaluate the relationship between I_AD index (index of absorption difference between 670 and 720 nm) values and internal quality attributes of apples treated with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and stored in air and controlled atmospheres (CA). Apples of ‘8S6923’ (Aurora Golden Gala™), ‘Fuji’ and ‘Royal Gala’ were tested. The results with Aurora Golden Gala™ show that I_AD index values were maintained at higher levels if the fruit were stored in CA and that 1-MCP had no significant effect on retaining at-harvest values. The I_AD values correlated with chlorophyll a content in the peel (R² = 0.95, P < 0.0001), but not with chlorophyll b content, internal ethylene levels, firmness or titratable acidity. ‘Royal Gala’ apples showed a similar response to Aurora Golden Gala™ apples, showing no correlation between I_AD index values and internal quality attributes of those apples when treated with 1-MCP and/or CA. In contrast, ‘Fuji’ apples showed a relationship between I_AD index value changes and internal ethylene concentrations (R² = 0.67, P < 0.05) and titratable acidity changes (R² = 0.89, P < 0.01), but not firmness. These results suggest that when 1-MCP and/or CA are applied to apples after harvest, that I_AD index values do not consistently correlate to any internal quality attributes other than peel chlorophyll a content.     

1-MCP对南果梨冷藏防褐保鲜作用的初探

以南果梨为试材,在冷藏条件下,采用1-MCP处理技术对南果梨果实不同部位褐变底物及相关酶的变化规律进行研究。结果表明,1-MCP处理可显著地抑制果实呼吸强度,明显地抑制果实中酚类物质变化,抑制了果实中多酚氧化酶活性、脂氧合酶活性、丙二醛含量、果皮相对电导率上升,延缓果皮叶绿素含量、果皮褐变指数的变化进程。     

不同温度条件下1-MCP对圆黄梨和黄金梨及丰水梨保鲜效果的影响

在不同温度条件下,研究了不同浓度1-MCP处理对圆黄梨、黄金梨和丰水梨保鲜效果的影响。试验结果表明,3个梨品种在-1.5℃条件下贮藏易发生冷害,1.0mL/L1-MCP处理果实冷害率较高;0.5mL/L1-MCP处理能明显地降低0℃和1.5℃条件下果实的果心褐变指数和果实腐烂率,贮藏期可达120天以上;不同浓度1-MCP处理对5℃条件下果实作用效果较明显,但只能应用于短期贮藏（60天左右）。     

1-MCP复合杀菌剂处理对“金红宝”甜瓜常温贮藏品质的影响

为探究不同处理对甜瓜常温贮藏效果的影响,以“金红宝”厚皮甜瓜为试材,研究1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)、1-MCP复合杀菌剂抑霉唑处理对甜瓜采后常温贮藏保鲜效果的影响。结果表明,1-MCP和1-MCP复合杀菌剂处理的保鲜效果均显著优于对照处理。其中,在延缓抗坏血酸含量和可滴定酸含量的下降,降低腐烂率、失重率等方面,1-MCP复合杀菌剂处理的保鲜效果优于1-MCP处理。综上所述,相较其他处理,1-MCP复合杀菌剂处理的保鲜效果最好,可以有效保持甜瓜的品质。     

Repeated treatment of apple fruit with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) prior to controlled atmosphere storage

The effect of multiple 1-MCP treatments prior to the establishment of controlled atmosphere (CA) storage on the quality of ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Empire’ apples [Malus × sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] was investigated. Fruit were harvested on three occasions over a 1 week period, and at each harvest cooled overnight and 1-MCP applied the following day. Fruit from the first or second harvests were treated again or for the first time when fruit from each successive harvest was treated. CA conditions were established after the last 1-MCP treatment and fruit were stored for up to 8 months. Delays in 1-MCP application generally resulted in progressively higher internal ethylene concentrations (IECs) at the time of treatment and lower firmness both at the time of treatment and after storage. Multiple 1-MCP applications kept IECs low and maintained firmness compared with single applications that were applied after 4 d. For ‘McIntosh’, external CO₂ injury was more prevalent after storage if fruit were treated without delays after harvest for earlier harvests while later harvests were less affected. For ‘Empire’, flesh browning was more prevalent in fruit from later harvests and 1-MCP treated fruit had higher levels than untreated fruit. Either early 1-MCP treatment or multiple treatments reduced senescent breakdown in ‘McIntosh’, and core browning and greasiness in ‘Empire’.