犬瘟热病毒自然感染犬淋巴组织中T、B细胞变化的研究

为了调查患犬瘟热病犬淋巴组织中T、B细胞变化的特点及淋巴细胞减少的发病机制,试验通过免疫组织化学的方法观察了T细胞(用CD3和CD45RO检测T细胞)、B细胞(用IgG、IgM抗血清检测B细胞)和犬瘟热病毒(抗犬瘟热病毒抗体)在病犬淋巴组织中的分布。结果表明:在淋巴组织中的淋巴细胞、淋巴小结中树突状细胞和巨噬细胞中均检出了抗病毒阳性反应细胞。在骨髓组织的前髓细胞中也发现抗病毒阳性反应细胞和嗜酸性胞浆内及核内包涵体的存在。与对照组相比,CD3和CD45RO阳性细胞主要存在于T细胞的分布域;但CD3和CD45RO阳性T细胞的数量较少。位于淋巴组织中的巨噬细胞有的被CD45RO染成阳性。在B细胞分布的区域中,IgG、IgM阳性细胞的数量明显减少;一些位于淋巴组织的浆细胞也被IgG或IgM染成阳性。在淋巴组织中淋巴细胞减少的顺序为:IgG阳性细胞减少最明显,其次为IgM和CD45RO阳性细胞,再次为CD3阳性细胞。依据试验结果,作者认为病犬淋巴组织中淋巴细胞减少主要是由B细胞缺乏所引起的;淋巴细胞的增殖能力减弱是引起淋巴组织中淋巴细胞减少的重要原因。     

蛋鸡淋巴白血病的诊断

淋巴白血病是由白血病病毒引起的一种法氏囊依赖细胞(B-淋巴细胞)增生性肿瘤疾病,具有极强的传染性。禽白血病病毒主要侵害法氏囊细胞,在病毒的作用下增生,形成肿瘤。随着肿瘤的发展,肿瘤细胞脱离法氏囊,随血液、淋巴运动,形成肿瘤转移扩散,造成其它内脏器官、组织的转移灶。由     

马急性淋巴细胞性白血病病例报告

淋巴细胞性白血病是淋巴细胞在造血组织中异常的增生,并浸润其它组织器官的一种恶性肿瘤。根据临床表现、病程的长短,将该病分成急性和慢性两种。对于马患急性淋巴细胞性白血病,因病     

谈谈犬淋巴肉瘤

犬淋巴肉瘤又称恶性淋巴瘤、淋巴细胞白血病,属多类型的肿瘤,是犬只肿瘤中最常发生的犬造血系统肿瘤之一,是犬的一种渐进性致命性疾病。特点是淋巴细胞的肿瘤性病理变化和增生,常起源于实质性淋巴器官(淋巴肉瘤)或骨髓(淋巴细胞白血病),因致病的器官不同而症状不同。与其它家畜相反,还未曾发现过病毒源学关系。这种疾病在组织学和免疫学上是异源性的,不同的形态类型可能表现不同。     

牛白血病试验羊肿瘤细胞组化特性的研究

对牛白血病试验羊肿瘤组织进行各种染色观察表明,对细胞过氧化物酶、网状组织银染、苏丹黑B染色及碱性磷酸酶染色呈阴性反应,而对酯酶、酸性磷酸酶、糖元PAS反应、三磷酸腺苷酶、5′-核苷酸酶、浆细胞染色及表面免疫球蛋白等均为阳性。因此证实,肿瘤细胞起源于淋巴组织,且具有T、B淋巴细胞双重组化特性,这种特作表明,瘤细胞可能来源于淋巴组织中的D细胞。     

毒害艾美耳球虫感染对雏鸡免疫器官IL-2表达及淋巴细胞增殖能力的影响

为了探讨毒害艾美耳球虫(E.necatrix)感染雏鸡后,其免疫器官白细胞介素(IL-2)和T、B淋巴细胞增殖能力的变化,本研究应用组织匀浆涂片和酸性α-醋酸萘酯酶(ANAE)染色及细胞培养技术和四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)测定法对E.necatrix感染雏鸡免疫器官的T淋巴细胞百分数、IL-2诱生活性、T和B淋巴细胞对C...     

白血病发展期T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞及其亚型的变化

牛白血病是肿瘤性传染病,其病原为牛白血病病毒。它表现淋巴样细胞明显增生性的淋巴生成紊乱和外周血液的淋巴细胞增多。白血病时淋巴细胞的机能特性异常。现时,主要着重于综合检查免疫系统的形态和机能因素的 T、B 淋巴细胞,以研究正常和白血病时的细胞免疫。     

蛋鸡淋巴白血病的诊断

淋巴白血病是由白血病病毒引起的一种法氏囊依赖细胞(B-淋巴细胞)增生性肿瘤疾病,传染性极强。该病病毒主要侵害法氏囊细胞,在病毒的作用下增生,形成肿瘤。随着肿瘤病的发展,肿瘤细胞脱离法氏囊,随血液、淋巴运动,造成其他内脏器官、组织的转移灶。由于肿瘤在多个脏器、组织形成,吸收营养,产生毒素,导致机体消瘦,最终死亡。2004年某养鸡场出现鸡内脏发生增生性肿瘤性疾病,经流行病学、临床诊断及实验室检测,确诊为鸡淋巴白血病。1发病情况2004年某鸡场饲养的蛋鸡5000只,在140日龄时总是有零星死亡,以后发现死亡率一直上升,明显高于正常的死…     

谈谈犬淋巴肉瘤

犬淋巴肉瘤又称恶性淋巴瘤、淋巴细胞白血病，属多类型的肿瘤，是犬只肿瘤中最常发生的犬造血系统肿瘤之一，是犬的一种渐进性致命性疾病。特点是淋巴细胞的肿瘤性病理变化和增生，常起源于实质性淋巴器官（淋巴肉瘤）或骨髓（淋巴细胞白血病），因致病的器官不同而症状不同。与其它家畜相反，还未曾发现过病毒源学关系。这种疾病在组织学和免疫学上是异源性的，不同的形态类型可能表现不同。     

水牛白血病调查

<正> 牛白血病(Leukaemia Bovum)又名牛淋巴肉瘤(Bo—Vine Lymphosacocma)、斗淋巴瘤病(Bovine Lymphomatosis),牛地方流行性白血组织增生(Leukosis Enzootica Bovis)等,是牛的一种慢性肿瘤性疾病,其特征为淋巴样细胞恶性增生进行性恶病质和高度死亡率。近几年来,乳牛白血病在国内已有不少报道,但水牛白血病报道却少见。去年七月份,我们在江西省安义县发现了一头水牛白血病,并普查了病牛所在牛群,已作报导。迄今巳一年零五个月了,近时,我们对此可疑牛群再一次进行了普查,还选查与它紧邻地区的奉新县宋     

Tumor-associated antigen on bovine leukemia virus-induced bovine lymphosarcoma

Specific tumor-associated antigen (TAA) was detected on enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) cells by monoclonal antibodies against TAA. One of the monoclonal antibodies, c143, reacted with all EBL tumor cells tested but not with bovine leukemia virus (BLV) antigens. c143 reacted slightly with bovine fetal thymus and mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes from BLV-free cows but not with normal bovine lymphoid cells. TAA may be a good tumor marker of EBL tumor cells. We sacrificed eight TAA-positive but clinically normal animals and examined them in order to elucidate whether or not they had gross or histological tumors. At necropsy, four animals had tumors macroscopically. Three animals had no tumors histologically but had initial lesions showing follicular hyperplasia and the TAA on affected lymph nodes. The one remaining showed medullary hyperplasia in the spleen but there were no findings of tumors. Thus, c143 is a useful tool not only for diagnosing EBL, but also for screening of BLV-infected cattle with potential to develop tumors in the future.     

Use of viable-cell ELISA for detection of monoclonal antibodies recognizing tumor-associated antigens on bovine lymphosarcoma cells

An ELISA, using viable bovine lymphosarcoma cells, was developed to detect tumor-associated antigens (TAA) expressed on lymphosarcoma cells from cows with enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). Monoclonal antibodies (MAB) against TAA were used. Using viable-cell ELISA, MAB reacted with tumor cells from 9 cows with EBL, but not with peripheral blood lymphocytes from 10 clinically normal cows. Titers of MAB against tumor cells from 1 cow with EBL were 2,048 (direct immunofluorescence assay), 8,192 (flow cytometry), 2,048 (fixed-cell ELISA), and 16,384 (viable-cell ELISA). Viable-cell ELISA was the most sensitive method for detection of TAA. Reactivities of 7 MAB to tumor cells from cows with EBL were compared between viable-cell ELISA and a complement-dependent antibody cytotoxicity test. Of 5 MAB with no cytotoxic activity against tumor cells, 3 were reactive against tumor cells from the same cow, as determined by viable-cell ELISA, with titers ranging from 128 to 2,048.     

Relation between phenotype of tumor cells and clinicopathology in bovine leukosis

Thirty-three cases of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) and 14 cases of sporadic bovine leukosis (SBL) were examined by immunohistochemistry using 6 monoclonal antibodies against leukocyte differentiation molecules of bovine leukocytes. There were 17 cases of B-1a cell type, 10 cases of B-1b cell type and 6 cases of B-2 cell type in EBL, and 5 cases originating from B cells (B-2 cell type) and 9 cases originating from immature T cells in SBL. The average age for the EBL cases of B-1a cell type was 8.6 years, B-1b cell type was 6.5 years, and of B-2 cell type was 4.5 years. In cases of SBL, immature T cell type patients were younger than B-2 cell type ones. The lymphoma originating from B cells differed from that originating from T cells in morphology. In T cell tumors, the nucleus of tumor cells was round, the edge of the cytoplasm obvious, and tumor cells were sporadically present and proliferated. When compared with T cells, the region among B cells was obscure. But, there was no relation between phenotype and the histologic classification of tumor cells. In EBL, beyond the lymph node, tumors of B-1a and B-1b types had developed in the heart and abomasum, and those of the B-2 type tended to occur in liver. In SBL, B-2 type and T type cells formed tumors in the liver, kidney, thymus, and one case of T-cell type tumor formed on the skin. We would like to propose a new classification of bovine leukosis as EBL, calf type B-cell lymphoma, juvenile T-cell lymphoma and skin type T-cell lymphoma.     

Properties of nine continuous B-cell lines established from enzootic bovine leukosis tumors.

We established 9 cell lines from 63 tumor cases of enzootic bovine leukosis and studied their properties. Cells of all lines formed small clumps and floated in culture medium, indicating growth. Four of the 9 cell lines were surface immunoglobulin (SIg)-positive, but the remaining 5 line cells were negative for SIg or, if SIg was detected, the percentage of SIg-positive cells was very low. Tests for the properties of the cells with monoclonal antibodies to lymphocytes revealed that the established line cells are B-lymphocytes. Morphological observation also revealed that they had the morphology of B-lymphoblastic cell. The results of E and EAC rosette assay were negative, but 6 of 8 cell lines were positive for EA rosetting. All the 9 cell lines reacted with MoAb C-143, which recognizes the tumor-associated antigen (TAA) of the EBL tumor cell. All 9 cell lines produced bovine leukosis virus (BLV). These results suggest that the 9 cell lines are tumor cells derived from B-lymphocytes of EBL.     

Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against bovine B lymphocyte surface antigens

Two monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs; BLMo-4 and BLMo-10) were prepared by immunizing with a cell line established from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) cattle. The specificities of these MoAbs were assayed using bovine PBMC. BLMo-4 reacted with all surface immunoglobulin-positive cells (SIg+ cells; B lymphocytes) and also recognized monocytes, but did not react with T lymphocytes. BLMo-10 recognized a majority, although not all, B lymphocytes, but did not react with either T lymphocytes or monocytes. The antigens recognized by BLMo-4 and BLMo-10 were not Ig, Fc or C3 receptors on the surface of B lymphocytes. The reactivity of the MoAbs with mononuclear cells from the lymphoid organs of adult cattle was studied. BLMo-4 and BLMo-10 did not react with any bone marrow cells. BLMo-10 reacted with 7.4% of thymocytes, and stained the medulla of the thymus in the immunoperoxidase assay. In the case of PBMC, spleen and lymph node cells, the percentage of cells positive for BLMo-4 was slightly higher than that of SIg+ cells, but BLMo-10 showed a slightly lower value.     

Immunohistochemical analysis of expression patterns of tumor necrosis factor receptors on lymphoma cells in enzootic bovine leukosis

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) has been reported to be associated with the progression of lymphoproliferative neoplastic diseases and retroviral infections. Hence we examined immunohistochemically the expression patterns of TNF-receptors (TNF-RI and RII) on lymphoma cells derived from the 29 cases of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). Lymphomas obtained in 29 animals with EBL were histopathologically classified into three types: diffuse mixed type (10 cases), diffuse large type (9 cases), and diffuse large cleaved type (10 cases). Immunohistochemically using a monoclonal antibody to a bovine lymphocyte surface antigen, the lymphomas were classified into three phenotypes: B-1a (CD5+/CD11b+), B-1b (CD5-/CD11b+) and B-2 (conventional B) (CD5-/CD11b-). Interestingly, the lymphoma cells in all animals expressed TNF-RII, but not TNF-RI. Although, in EBL, lymphoma cells of which the histopathological and immunological property differs has been formed, the expression patterns of TNF-Rs had the universality in all lymphoma cells. TNF-RII, which induces cell proliferation, was expressed but TNF-RI, which induces cell apoptosis was not expressed on all lymphoma cells, suggesting that TNF-Rs play an important role in the malignant proliferation of B cells and formation of lymphomas in EBL.     

Pathological findings of Japanese Black Cattle living in the restricted area of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, 2013–2016

Fifty‐one Japanese black cattle from four farms in the evacuation zone of the Fukushima nuclear accident were examined pathologically during the period, 2013–2016. We found no evidence of a radiation effect on pathological findings in any of these autopsy cases, although nine cases (3.7%) of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) and three cases (1.2%) of goiter were diagnosed. Estimated integrating dose of external exposure in EBL cases ranged from a maximum of 1200 mSv to a minimum of 72 mSv. Clinically, five cases showed wobble, dysstasia or paralysis. Exophthalmos was observed in three cases. Macroscopically, enlarged lymph nodes, multiple irregular masses of intra‐abdominal and intrapelvic adipose tissue, diffuse thickening of the abomasal submucosa with ulceration, and numerous white nodules of myocardium were observed. Histologically, neoplastic lymphoid cells were extensively proliferated and infiltrated in the lesions. Lymphoid tumor cells showed mature or large lymphoblastic appearance. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for BLA‐36, CD20 and CD5, and negative for CD3. Three cases showed diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland with no mass or nodule lesion. Histologically, diffuse proliferation of follicular epithelium was observed with preservation of normal structures. There were no malignant findings such as cellular atypia or invasion to capsule.     

Detection of monoclonal integration of bovine leukemia virus proviral DNA as a malignant marker in two enzootic bovine leukosis cases with difficult clinical diagnosis

Monoclonal integration of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) proviral DNA into bovine genomes was detected in peripheral blood from two clinical cases of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) without enlargement of superficial lymph nodes. A BLV-specific probe hybridized with 1 to 3 EcoRI and HindIII fragments in these 2 atypical EBL cattle by Southern blotting and hybridization, as well as in 3 typical EBL cattle. The probe also hybridized to a large number of EcoRI and HindIII fragments in 5 cattle with persistent leukosis. These results suggest that the detection of monoclonal integration of BLV provirus into the host genome may serve as a marker of monoclonal proliferation and malignancy in difficult to diagnose EBL cattle.     

B细胞亚群与牛白血病发生的关系

对8头流行性白血病病牛,用8种单克隆杭体（McAb）,经过免疫组织化学ABC法和免疫荧光流式细胞检测法,观察了其免疫病理组织变化和外周血及肿瘤组织的B细胞亚群变化。结果7例病牛的BoCD5、BoCD11b和sIgM为阳性反应,表明肿瘤细胞来源于B1a细胞;1例病牛的BoCD11b和sIgM呈阳性反应,而BoCD5则呈阴性反应,说明该肿瘤细胞来源于B1b细胞。另外,在免疫组织化学染色肿瘤组织切片上在浸润的淋巴细胞中不仅见有较多的CD3和CD5阳性细胞,而且也见有较多的CD3和CD5阳性肿瘤细胞。表明流行性牛白血病的肿瘤细胞主要来源于Bla细胞,其他类型的淋巴细胞也有可能突变为白血病的肿瘤细胞。     

Eradication of enzootic bovine leukosis from Finland

Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) was recognized among Finnish cattle in 1966. Administrative decisions specifying and refining official control measures were given in 1966, 1976, 1980, and 1993. The measures' key principle always has been 'test and slaughter'. The EBL/bovine leukosis virus (BLV) infection situation was monitored at meat inspection, and hematologically between 1970 and 1977 and serologically between 1978 and 1989. Annual surveys including all dairy herds and samples from beef animals were conducted in 1990-2001. Bulk-tank milk samples represented the dairy herds in the surveys; the beef animals were sampled individually at slaughter. The maximum positive herd-level percentage in the surveys was 0.03%. EBL/BLV infection was evenly dispersed in the southern part of the country and nonexistent in the northern part. We conclude that herd-level prevalence of EBL/BLV infection never exceeded 5%. It nevertheless took 30 years to eradicate the disease and the infection. EBL was eradicated from mainland Finland in 1996 and from the island district of Ahvenanmaa in 1999. Annual monitoring of the EBL situation continues.