6个品种家鸭胰脏的比较解剖学

对６个品种中国家鸭２３９只（上高麻鸭３９只、大余麻鸭４７只、昆山麻鸭４０只、樱桃谷鸭４６只、绍兴鸭４０只和金定鸭２７只）的胰脏进行了解剖学观察，结果如下：所有鸭的胰脏均分为背侧胰叶和腹侧胰叶２个主叶以及１个小的脾胰叶。除有背侧胰管和腹侧胰管外，均存在自背侧胰叶尾端发出的第１胰管。背侧胰管和腹侧胰管的入肠形式在不同品种、性别之间存在差异。少数个体背、腹侧胰管各有２条，或者背、腹侧胰管间有吻合支。背、腹侧胰管开口于十二指肠粘膜面大乳头，第１胰管开口于十二指肠小乳头     

北京鸭胰液引流的改良胰-肠瘘法

北京鸭第一胰管由背侧胰叶尾端发出,开口于十二指肠升袢、降袢折转处附近的肠腔[ 1].此处的肠管游离性大,便于制作肠-胰瘘管.北京鸭第一胰管的发现和肠-胰瘘法的建立使长期、安全、连续地收集较纯净的鸭胰液得以实现.如何快捷、可靠地批量制作胰 -肠瘘模型是鸭胰液分泌相关研究的关键环节之一.在样本量较大的试验中,这个问题尤为突出.王贤等通过胰-肠瘘法首次获得了关于北京鸭胰液分泌特点的资料[2],其手术方法比较传统,有一定的代表性.     

海豹胰腺组织结构观察(摘要)

海豹(来自长春市胜利公园),2岁,♂,于死后12h内取材,10％甲醛固定,石蜡包埋切片,分别进行H.E染色、Gomori醛复红染色,光镜下观察。 海豹胰腺呈长三角形,分成三个叶:右叶最大,宽而厚,横切面呈三菱形,其腹侧有胰管分出;左叶和胰体均较小,后者与阿捷里氏胰腺相连。胰腺被膜由少量结缔组织组成。小叶分界明显。外分泌部腺泡呈泡状,细胞大,呈锥形,核大,呈圆形或卵圆形,位于细胞的中央或基部,核仁清楚,胞质丰富,H.E染色胞质顶部充满红色颗粒。泡心     

猫三体炎的诊断与分析

正猫三体炎即猫炎性肠病、胆管炎/胆管肝炎、胰腺炎三种同时发生的疾病的统称。猫胰腺的主胰腺管在开口于十二指肠乳突之前就已经先进入总胆管,大约80%的猫的副胰管消失或者很小。因此,胰腺、十二指肠、胆管之间具有"亲密"的位置和相互制约关系,其中一个器官发生问题就容易波及到其他两个器官,造成三个器官同时发病,表现多种复杂的症状。猫炎性肠病     

鳃组织病变与鳗病诊断

类主要利用鳃呼吸,皮肤和鳔是辅助呼吸器官。鳃基部是鳃弓,每一鳃弓发出两列鳃丝,鳃丝紧密排列成十分整齐的梳状及薄片状,称鳃片(鳃瓣),鳃丝内有约为鳃丝全长2/3的鳃丝软骨。每根鳃丝两侧又发出许多纤细的叶片状突出,称为鳃小片。在鳃弓软骨的下方有二支血管,腹侧一支为入鳃动脉,发出入鳃丝动脉,进入鳃丝,并在鳃小片基部发出小支进入鳃片,形成毛细血管;背侧一支为出鳃动脉,与出鳃丝动脉相连。出鳃丝动脉位于鳃丝外侧,发出小支在鳃丝外侧的鳃小片中形成毛细血管。鳃小片由被覆一薄层扁平上皮的毛细血管所组成。单层扁平呼吸上皮处在血液与水…     

猪的迷走神经解剖

对北京和通辽地区杂种仔猪11头的解剖,描述了迷走神经的构成、位置、行程和主要分支,分布情况。 猪的迷走神经由内,外侧支组成,内侧支通过颈静脉神经节和结状神经节,外侧支只有极少部分纤维通过这两个神经节。迷走神经起自延髓侧面,同副神经、舌咽神经由破裂孔出颅腔,可分成额、胸、腹三段。在颈段分出咽支、喉前神经和心支;在胸段分出返神经-喉后神经,并有支向食管、支气管、淋巴结等处。左、右侧迷走神经构成食管背、腹侧干、经食管裂孔进入腹腔。背侧干分成肠支、胃支。肠支大部分纤维不进入腹腔神经节和肠系膜前神经节、而直接沿肠系膜前动脉分布在肠管。胃支组成神经丛,分布在胃的脏面。腹侧干组成神经丛分布在食管末端、胃的隔面、肝、胰和十二指肠起始端。     

山楂对鸭胰腺分泌的影响

随中西医结合研究的不断深入 ,关于脾胃学说中的脾的功能 ,众说纷纭 ,李聪甫等指出“中医对脾脏的生理功能认为是助胃消化的”。而帮助消化的主要应为胰腺[1] 。因此胰腺在脾胃学说中的作用越来越受到重视。健脾消食中药山楂具健脾开胃 ,消食化积之作用 ,其对胰腺外分泌的作用却未见报道 ,为此 ,我们以鸭为试验动物 ,选择胰液分泌的 7个指标全面观测其对胰液分泌的影响。1　材料与方法1 .1　试验材料1 .1 .1　试验动物　购自中国农业科学院畜牧所北京鸭 3 0只 ,体重为 1 .5kg左右 ,按王贤等报道的鸭第一胰管胰肠瘘管法进行胰肠瘘管手术 [2 ]…     

山羊肾,肾段动脉及肾段的观察

山羊肾为表面平滑单乳头肾，偶见双乳头型，其肾盂中央部呈纵向向外侧拱突，横向略凹的长条形，位于四周与之延接的肾盂隐窝略呈新月形。肾盂隐窝的数量因个体而略有差异，常见１１～１４个。山羊肾动脉入肾后分为肾，腹二千，背干分出前背侧肾段动脉，中间背侧肾段动脉，后背侧肾段动脉，腹干分出前腹侧肾段动脉和后腹侧肾段动脉，其分布区为同名肾段，此外，对平滑单乳头肾的分类，肾动脉分支之间的吻合作了讨论。     

北京鸭胰液分泌昼夜变化规律研究

为了研究北京鸭的胰腺外分泌的昼夜变化规律,通过肠-胰(第一胰管)瘘管,全天分8个时间段收集胰液,分别测定胰液的分泌量、胰液pH值、总蛋白含量、HCO3-浓度、胰蛋白酶、胰脂肪酶和胰淀粉酶活性。结果显示北京鸭的胰液是一种具有较大缓冲容量的缓冲溶液,为各种消化酶提供了适合的酸碱环境。胰液中的各种消化酶的变化规律各异,和饲喂之间的关系不明显。     

中西医结合诊治马荐神经丛麻痹

<正>荐神经丛麻痹属截瘫病之一,兽医书籍中记载较少,兽医期刊中报道更为鲜见。笔者等在临床中曾遇到马荐神经丛麻痹和荐神经丛不全麻痹各1例。经用中西药物结合治疗均获基本痊愈,疗效明显。现报道于下,供同行参考。1病因多为荐部受外力撞击,损伤了荐神经丛。2发病机制荐神经分背侧支和腹侧支。背侧支出荐骨背侧孔,分布于半腱肌、股二头肌,并形成臀中皮神经,分布于臀部皮肤。腹侧支出荐骨腹侧孔,并互相联接,在荐椎腹侧形成荐     

Immunocytochemical component of endocrine cells in pancreatic islets of horses

The endocrine cell components in the pancreatic islets of the following 4 pancreatic regions of the horse were investigated by immunohistochemical methods: lobus pancreatis sinister (left lobe); lobus pancreatis dexter (right lobe); and 2 regions of Corpus pancreatis (body), the duodenal lobe which lies along the cranial duodenal flexure and descending duodenum, and the intermediate lobe which is situated around the portal vein. The islets in the left and intermediate lobes contained a central mass of glucagon cells surrounded by insulin cells, a few somatostatin cells and sporadic pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells. On the other hand, the islets in the duodenal lobe were small in size compared with the other 3 regions, and were predominant in insulin and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) cells, but almost lacked in glucagon cells. These findings suggested that the duodenal lobe was derived from the ventral pancreatic primordium, and the left and intermediate lobes were originated from the dorsal pancreatic primordium. In the right lobe, the composition and distribution of the islet cells were almost the same as those in the left and intermediate lobes, but there were several lobules containing numerous PP cells as seen in the duodenal lobe.     

ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION OF THE PANCREAS IN HEALTHY COWS

The purpose of this study was to describe the ultrasonographic appearance of the normal bovine pancreas and to establish reference values for healthy cattle. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed on the right side of 20 healthy cows. Ultrasonographically the body and right limb of pancreas appeared as a triangle-shaped structure associated with the liver, portal vein, right kidney, and duodenum. In comparison to normal liver, the pancreas appeared isoechoic or slightly more echogenic. The right lobe of the pancreas was evaluated from the right flank to the eleventh intercostal space, and the body of the pancreas was visualized from the twelfth to the tenth intercostal space. The left lobe of the pancreas could not be seen because of its dorsomedial location. In 9 cows, the accessory pancreatic duct was located near the right lobe of the pancreas and appeared as two parallel echogenic lines with a hypoechogenic area between them. The diameter of the accessory pancreatic duct varied from 6 to 8 mm. The pancreaticoduodenal vein was seen in 5 cows. The diameter of the pancreaticoduodenal vein varied from 3 to 4 mm. The ultrasonographic characteristics determined in this study may serve as a reference in the evaluation of cows with suspected pancreatic disease.     

Gross Anatomy of the Pancreatic Lobes and Ducts in Six Breeds of Domestic Ducks and Six Species of Wild Ducks in China

A previously unreported pancreatic duct was found by Liu (1989) in Pekin ducks. This duct has now been consistently found in six breeds of domestic ducks and six species of wild ducks in China. For purposes of Nomina Anatomica Avium it is hereby called the ‘first pancreatic duct’(Ducius pancreaticus primus) since it enters the duodenum at or near the flexure where the descending duodenum becomes the ascending duodenum. All other pancreatic ducts enter the duodenum later, closer to where it joins the jejunum. This first pancreatic duct drains the caudal extremity of the dorsal lobe of the pancreas and can be easily exteriorized for experimental purposes. Within the parenchyma of the dorsal lobe of the pancreas this duct communicates with the dorsal pancreatic duct. In the present study of the gross anatomy of the pancreatic lobes of domestic and wild Chinese ducks we describe and illustrate variations in position and number of all biliary and pancreatic ducts.     

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANATOMY OF THE CANINE PANCREAS

Barium sulfate was administered into the coeliac artery of 5 canine cadavers to allow for contrast computed tomography of the pancreas. Contiguous, 2-mm-thick slices were acquired. Multiplanar and three-dimensional reformatting were performed to clarify the anatomic relationship. After imaging, the cadavers were frozen, cross sections obtained, and plastinated. These were compared to the computed tomography images. Five plain and contrast enhanced computed tomographic series of normal live controls were acquired and evaluated retrospectively. In the study of the canine cadavers the pancreas became opacified and appeared homogenous with irregular contour. In normal live controls, acquiring an image at the end of expiration allowed a detailed view of the pancreatic parenchyma in the non-alterated pancreas, but pancreatic and bile ducts could not be seen. Adjacent to the hepatic hilus the pancreatic body appeared as a dorsoventrally flattened structure bordering on the ventral surface of the portal vein, both in cadavers and normal live controls. The right lobe extended caudodorsally to the right abdominal wall and aligned with the cranial part of the duodenum. The left lobe was adjacent to the gastric body in all dogs although it was separated from the gastric fundus by the dorsal extremity of the spleen in normal live controls. Neither kidney was suitable as an anatomic marker for localization of the pancreas, unlike traditional references in textbooks. We recommended using the portal vein to localize the pancreatic body, the descending duodenum for the right lobe, and the dorsal extremity of the spleen as well as the gastric fundus for the left lobe.     

南宁市火龙果产区橘小实蝇成虫消长规律研究

本研究旨在弄清南宁市火龙果产区橘小实蝇成虫田间消长规律,以期为橘小实蝇的预测预报和综合防控提供理论依据。采用甲基丁香酚(methyl eugenol)为诱芯的诱捕器和涂有甲基丁香酚的黄板,在南宁市良庆区那陈镇西宁村和南宁市邕宁区蒲庙振企农业科技有限公司两大火龙果基地设置了14个监测点,诱捕监测2018年～2019年的橘小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis成虫消长动态并根据当地气象资料分析气象因素与橘小实蝇成虫活动数量的关系。结果表明,橘小实蝇诱捕高峰期发生在7月下半月～9月下半月,12月下半月~次年3月下半月未捕获到成虫;气温是影响当地橘小实蝇活动的主要气象因子。     

ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF THE NORMAL FELINE PANCREAS AND ASSOCIATED ANATOMIC LANDMARKS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 20 CATS

The sonographic appearance of the feline pancreas and associated anatomic landmarks including the pancreatic duct, duodenum, duodenal papilla, portal vein, and gastric lymph node were evaluated in 20 healthy, awake cats. The pancreas appeared nearly isoechoic to surrounding mesenteric tissues, isoechoic to slightly hyperechoic to adjacent liver lobes, and hypoechoic to the spleen. The mean thickness measurements for the right pancreatic lobe, body, and left pancreatic lobe were 4.5 mm (range 2.8-5.9), 6.6 mm (range 4.7-9.5), and 5.4 mm (range 3.4-9.0), respectively. The pancreatic duct was consistently visualized in the left pancreatic lobe and had a mean thickness of 0.8 mm (range 0.5-1.3). It could be differentiated from the pancreatic vessel, by its central location, and the duct's lack of Doppler flow signal. The duodenum was used as a landmark to identify the right lobe of the pancreas. The mean duodenal wall thickness measurement was 2.8 mm (range 2.1-3.8) in sagittal section, and 3.0 mm (range 2.2-4.4) in transverse section. The duodenal papilla was identified in 4 of 20 cats. It ranged in size from 2.9 to 5.5 mm in width, and had a maximum height of 4.0 mm in transverse section. The portal vein was used as a consistent anatomic landmark for identification of the left lobe and body of the pancreas. The mean diameter of the portal vein at the level where the pancreatic body joins the left pancreatic lobe was 4.3 mm (range 2.7-5.9) when viewed in sagittal section, and 4.5 mm (range 3.6-6.1) in transverse section. The gastric lymph node was identified cranial and ventromedial to the pyloroduodenal angle in 6 of 20 cats. It had an asymmetrical shape with a larger caudal pole in five of the six cats. The largest dimensions of the gastric lymph node were 10 mm in length, and 6 mm in width for the larger caudal pole, and 5.1 mm in width for the smaller cranial pole.     

大鼠糖尿病模型制备与全胰十二指肠移植术研究

用１％的Ａｌｌｏｘａｎ以５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ．Ｗ的剂量经尾静脉快速注射，成功地在健康雄性Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠制成了糖尿病模型，以健康大鼠为供体，成功地进行了模型大嫌十二指肠移植术。为激光等抗移植排斥反应的深入打下了良好的基础。     

秃鹫消化系统的解剖观察

通过对秃鹫消化系统的解剖观察表明,秃鹫的消化管较短,仅为躯干长的２２～２．５倍,腺胃与肌胃外形分界不明显,不形成较细的峡,腺胃壁较厚,粘膜密布许多针尖状乳头,肌胃壁较薄,肌层不发达,其内膜角质化程度低,不形成厚的肫皮或内金,肌胃内容物中亦不见砂粒。肝脏分为两叶,左右两叶各有１个肝门,左叶以肝肠管与胰管共同开口于十二指肠终袢,右叶以胆管开口于十二指肠终袢。     

HELICAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY OF THE NORMAL CANINE PANCREAS

Helical abdominal computed tomography (CT) was performed in nine normal beagle-mix dogs. Following cephalic vein injection of ionic iodinated contrast medium via power injector (rate 5 ml/s) dual-phase CT was performed in all dogs. A delayed scan was performed in five dogs between 5 and 13 min after the contrast medium injection. The median time of appearance of contrast medium in the aorta and gastroduodenal artery was 6.3 and 7 s, post start injection and 12 and 12.2 s in the gastroduodenal and portal vein, resulting in a purely arterial pancreatic time window of 5-6s. Pancreatic veins and parenchyma remained enhanced until the end of the dynamic scan (40s). The pancreatic parenchyma showed heterogeneous arterial and homogenous venous contrast enhancement which was slightly hypoattenuating compared to the liver. Delayed scans provided best delineation of the pancreas from the liver. The common bile duct could be identified ventral and to the right of the portal vein joining the dorsomedial aspect of proximal duodenum. Because of the very short time window and variable onset of pure arterial enhancement careful planning of dual-phase studies with previous dynamic CT is recommended. Dual-phase CT angiography enables assessment of the arterial supply, parenchymal perfusion and venous drainage of the canine pancreas.