Identification of three novel mycoplasma species from ostriches in South Africa

Mycoplasmas have been implicated in certain clinical syndromes in ostriches and are associated with upper respiratory tract infections. As these infections result in production losses, they are of considerable economic importance to the South African ostrich industry. Although poultry mycoplasmas have been shown to infect ostriches, the existence of unique ostrich-specific mycoplasmas has been suggested. In this study, mycoplasmas were isolated from ostriches in the Klein Karoo, Central Karoo and Garden Route areas of the Western and Northern Cape Provinces of South Africa and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These sequences indicated that ostriches in these areas carry three unique mycoplasmas and were not infected with chicken mycoplasmas. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA sequences of the three isolated ostrich mycoplasmas showed them to be quite divergent and to fall into two distinct phylogenetic groupings. Unique sequences within the 16S rRNA gene of the ostrich mycoplasmas were subsequently used for the development of specific primers for the detection and diagnosis of mycoplasma infections in ostriches. Chickens kept in close proximity to infected ostriches were not infected with these ostrich mycoplasmas.     

Observations on pigeon circovirus infection in Ontario.

Subclinical pigeon circovirus infection was diagnosed in 1-day-old to 6-week-old birds from a loft with no history of clinical disease. Pigeons from other lofts presented with various illnesses and were found at necropsy to be concurrently infected with pigeon circovirus.     

Experimental infection of domestic pigeons with pigeon circovirus

Pigeon circovirus (PiCV) infection and young pigeon disease syndrome (YPDS), associated with high morbidity and mortality, have been recognized in young racing pigeons from large portions of Central Europe. There exist a number of data indicating that YPDS is a consequence of PiCV infection and subsequent immunosuppression. In order to prove PiCV to be one of the crucial factors of YPDS, an experimental infection with PiCV was performed under controlled conditions. Twenty-four domestic pigeons (Columba livia forma domestica) were divided into two groups with 12 pigeons each; an infection group and a control group. All birds were between their fourth to eighth week of life. Pigeons in the infection group were infected both intramuscularly and orally with PiCV purified from naturally infected birds, while pigeons in the control group received a placebo. To test a possible influence of the PiCV infection on the immune system, the animals in both groups were vaccinated simultaneously, on the same day, against PMV-1 (Lasovac plus, IDT, Dessau-Tornau, Germany). Weekly virologic testing showed a viraemic period, and excretion of the infection virus, in pigeons in the infection group. Replication of PiCV could be proved on the basis of histologic findings of multiglobular inclusion bodies, mainly observed in macrophages of the bursa of Fabricius. A PiCV, genetically distinct from the experimental virus, was detected in the control group by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, but any histologic findings comparable to the infection group were absent. None of the pigeons revealed clinical signs of illness, or hints that immunosuppression had occurred, regardless of their group. The absence of stressful conditions, considered as a trigger for the development of YPDS, may be responsible for the failure of disease reproduction in our infection model.     

某猪场猪2型圆环病毒感染的诊断

猪2型圆环病毒(PCV2)是引起断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)的主要病原,此外,PCV2还可能与猪皮炎肾病综合征、猪呼吸系统综合征、仔猪先天性震颤等疾病有关.PMWS临床症状主要表现为进行性消瘦,生长发育受阻,皮肤苍白或有黄疸,体表淋巴结肿大,腹泻,贫血和呼吸道症状等.     

广西猪圆环病毒2型感染的流行病学调查

结合流行病学、临床症状、病理变化，采用PCR技术，对2004年1月至2005年5月采自广西14个市97个疑似猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）感染发病猪场的197份组织病料（脾、肺、淋巴结）进行了PCV2检测；同时，对鉴定为PCV2阳性的组织病料和猪场进行了猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）、猪瘟病毒（CSFV）、猪流感病毒（SIV）和猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）的检测，另外，对6个地（市）11个生猪屠宰场采集的外观健康屠宰猪的295份组织样品（脾、肺、淋巴结）进行了PCV2检测。结果显示，在197份组织样品中检出PCV2阳性病料108份，平均阳性率为54．82％（108／197），阳性猪场62个，平均阳性率为63．92％（62／97）。PCV2与PRRSV、CSFV、SIV、PRV混合感染的组织病料总阳性率为42．13％（83／197），混合感染的猪场总阳性率为57．73%（56／97）。从21头外观健康屠宰猪的组织样品中检测到PCV2，阳性率为7．10％。由此可见，PCV2感染在广西猪群中已普遍存在，混合感染和健康带毒现象使病情更加复杂。     

采用3种遗传标记技术对早熟禾属植物物种鉴定及系统学比较

采用3种不同的遗传标记技术对10种早熟禾属植物进行物种辅助鉴定，以形态学分类系统为基础对3种技术在早熟禾属种间亲缘关系研究中应用的可能性进行了比较和检验，结果表明：它们的共同特点是快速、简便和经济。POD、EST两种技术都可用于对早熟禾属物种的辅助鉴定，但POD技术在稳定性、酶带集中性和可操作性方面优于EST技术。RAPD技术无论是用于物种的鉴定还是种间亲缘关系的研究，其效果均好于前二者，而且它的系统聚类结果几乎与形态学分类结果完全一致。     

2009年我国猪群中猪圆环病毒2型感染情况调查

为了解我国猪群中猪圆环病毒2型（Porcine circovirustype2,PCV2）的感染情况,分析感染与猪年龄的关系,本试验于2009年在我国28个省市的71个中小规模场、22个屠宰场和62家散养户采集了2905份猪血清样品,用PCR法对PCV2进行检测。结果显示,检出阳性血清429份,阳性率为14．8％。在被调查的场／P中,86．4％屠宰场、52．1％中小规模场和58．1％散养户为PCV2感染阳性,其中48．6％的PCV2阳性中小规模场的群阳性率低于10％。分析中小规模场PCV2感染情况和猪年龄之间的关系发现,在5个年龄组中,2～4周龄组未检出PCV2感染,5周龄以上各组均检出PCV2感染,其中11～14周龄组和15～26周龄组阳性率较高,高于5～7周龄组和8～10周龄组。     

猪圆环病毒感染与断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征

1974年 ,德国学者 Tischer等 [1 ] 从 PK- 15 (ATCCCCL31)细胞的污染病毒中检出一种形态学上与细小核糖核酸病毒相似的小球形病毒和乳多泡病毒样病毒粒子 ,并于1982年将其命名为猪圆环病毒 (porcine circovirus,PCV) [2 ] 。目前已知 PCV有 PCV- 1和 PCV- 2 2个血清型。PCV- 1来源于 PK- 15细胞 ,为非致病性 PCV(nonpathogenic PCV,np PCV ) [3 ] ;PCV- 2与断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(postweaning m ultisystem ic wasting syndrom e,PMWS)密切相关 ,又称 PMWS相关 PCV[3 ] (PMWS- associated PCV,pmws- PCV)。 PM…     

一种新猪病:猪圆环病毒感染

猪圆环病毒感染是最近新发现的一种传染病 ,该病对猪的感染率较高 ,在世界范围内广泛发生 ,引起了人们的高度重视。本文就近几年来国内外对其病原学、流行病学、临床症状和病理变化以及诊断、预防等研究情况作一综述     

猪圆环病毒3型感染情况的初步调查

猪圆环病毒3型是近年来发现的又一种致病性猪圆环病毒,已在不少地区存在.为了了解猪圆环病毒3型在一些地区的流行情况,用PCR方法检测了湖南省与京津冀地区523头断奶仔猪血清样品中的病毒核酸.结果显示,猪圆环病毒3型核酸的猪场阳性率为68.75％,个体阳性率为31.74％,整体存在极显著(P<0.01)差异.进一步分析发现...     

规模化猪场猪圆环病毒2型感染的实验室诊断

为了确诊贵州省某规模化猪场保育仔猪异常死亡原因,从怀孕母猪、产房母猪、后备母猪、种公猪、哺乳仔猪、保育仔猪6个猪群采集90份血清样本采用ELISA方法分别进行血清抗体检测,并对采集的90份血清样本和1份病死猪淋巴结组织采用荧光PCR方法进行病原学检测。结果:6个猪群综合的猪瘟病毒、猪蓝耳病病毒、伪狂犬病病毒g B蛋白、伪狂犬病病毒g E蛋白血清抗体阳性率分别为87.78%、70.00%、88.89%、4.44%;猪瘟病毒、猪蓝耳病病毒、伪狂犬病病毒病原核酸检测显示阴性,猪圆环病毒2型病原核酸检测淋巴结组织样本显示阳性。试验结果表明,引起该猪场保育仔猪死亡的原因为猪圆环病毒2型感染。同时,怀孕母猪群出现了伪狂犬病病毒g E蛋白抗体阳性,提示怀孕母猪群可能存在猪伪狂犬病野毒感染。     

猪圆环病毒与附红细胞体混合感染的诊治

猪圆环病毒与附红细胞体混合感染是一种以新生仔猪双侧性震颤,断奶仔猪出现进行性消瘦、发育障碍等为特征,同时出现贫血、黄疸、发热等症状的疾病。     

西宁市猪圆环病毒2型感染的流行病学调查

用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测了西宁市8个规模养殖场和部分散养户的161份猪血清样品的猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）抗体。结果显示，所有被检猪场均有PCV2抗体阳性猪存在，161份血清样品中PCV2抗体阳性率为86．95％。从上述样品中随机抽取28份样品，用PCR方法检测了PCV2ORF1基因；结果，从13份血清中扩增到了特异性PCV2ORF1基因，阳性率为46．42％。证实，西宁市猪场和散养猪群中存在PCV2感染。     

Porcine circovirus 2 infection in swine foetuses inoculated at different stages of gestation

The ability of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) to replicate and cause pathologic abnormalities in foetuses at selected time points of gestation was examined in this study. Two foetuses were inoculated in utero in each of two sows at 57, 75 and 92 days of gestation, respectively, with PCV2 (1121). The remaining foetuses were left uninoculated to assess whether intra-uterine spread occurred. Twenty-one days after inoculation, the foetuses were collected and examined for gross lesions and for virus and infected cells in different organs. Serum samples from all foetuses were tested for PCV2 antibodies. Virus replication was detected in all inoculated foetuses. Spread to non-inoculated foetuses did not occur. Virus replication was significantly higher in foetuses inoculated at 57 days compared to that inoculated at 75 and 92 days. The heart contained the highest virus titre and highest number of viral antigen positive cells. Gross lesions were observed only in foetuses inoculated at 57 days of age. PCV2 antibodies were detected only in foetuses inoculated at 75 and 92 days. This study shows the ability of PCV2 to replicate in foetuses at different stages of gestation and to cause pathologic abnormalities in foetuses inoculated at 57 gestational days.     

山东省媒介蜱类种类鉴定及羊泰勒虫病流行病学调查

为了阐明山东省蜱类种类及羊泰勒虫病流行概况,于2012年3月-2013年11月采用形态学鉴定法鉴定收集的14 878只蜱类标本;采用梨形虫、泰勒科通用引物及种属特异性引物对617份羊血液样品进行PCR检测,并对阳性样品18SrRNA基因进行遗传进化分析;分析不同月份蜱类活动频率及羊泰勒虫感染率。结果显示山东省长角血蜱(Haemaphysalis longicornis)和草原革蜱(Dermacentor nuttalli)所占比例分别为75.3%和24.7%,统计学分析显示长角血蜱显著多于草原革蜱(P0.05),为山东省优势蜱种。PCR检测结果显示山东省羊泰勒虫感染率为24.8%;其中吕氏泰勒虫感染率为12.0%、尤氏泰勒虫感染率为11.8%,混和感染率为5.3%,没有检测到绵阳泰勒虫感染,统计学分析显示吕氏泰勒虫和尤氏泰勒虫在羊群的感染率无统计学差异(P0.05),吕氏泰勒虫与尤氏泰勒虫单虫种感染率显著高于混合感染率(P0.05)。遗传进化分析显示山东省吕氏泰勒虫和尤氏泰勒虫与北京分离株分布于同一分支,而区别于西北地区和南方地区分离株,呈现区域聚集性;不同月份蜱类活动频率与羊泰勒虫感染率呈现季节相关性。上述结果表明山东省优势媒介蜱种为长角血蜱,羊泰勒虫感染虫种为吕氏泰勒虫和尤氏泰勒虫,感染率较高,且与媒介蜱类存在相关性,为山东省羊泰勒虫病防控提供科学实验依据。     

一例猪圆环病毒2型与猪肺炎支原体混合感染的诊断

辽宁营口某猪场发生猪消瘦、呼吸系统疾病甚至死亡的疫情。采集病料提取病变组织总DNA或RNA进行猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪圆环病毒2型、猪细小病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒、猪瘟病毒、猪肺炎支原体的PCR或RT-PCR检测。PCR扩增出353 bp的猪圆环病毒2型特异性条带和670 bp的猪支原体肺炎特异性条带。诊断为猪圆环病毒2型和猪肺炎支原体混合感染。     

Absence of evidence of porcine circovirus infection in piglets with congenital tremors.

Porcine circovirus types 1 (PCV1) and 2 (PCV2) have been associated with congenital tremors (CTs) in piglets in the United States. In this study, central nervous system and nonneural tissues of 40 CT piglets from Spain, the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Sweden were investigated for the presence of PCV1 and PCV2 using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical labeling on paraffin sections. The polymerase chain reaction for PCV2 was also carried out on sera from the Spanish CT cases. No evidence of circovirus nucleic acid or antigen was found in any CT piglet. Although these results do not support the hypothesis that PCV1 or PCV2 are linked to porcine CT, they cannot disprove it.     

猪圆环病毒与胸膜肺炎放线杆菌混合感染的诊治

2019年3月,大庆某规模化猪场个别猪出现发育不良、咳喘、消瘦、皮肤苍白和呼吸困难等症状,随后出现死亡。为明确发病原因,降低损失,对送检病死猪进行临床症状观察、剖检及实验室检测,并对病原菌进行药物敏感性试验。检测结果为致病性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌和猪圆环病毒混合感染所致,分离的胸膜肺炎放线杆菌对阿莫西林和头孢唑高度敏感。本研究为养殖场饲养猪的死亡病因分析和防治提供了参考。