南北五加营养器官比较

刺五加（Acanehopanax senticosus)、短梗五加（A.sessiliflorus)、五加（A.gracilistylus)皆为五加科（Araliaceae)植物，前二个种主要分布在我国小兴安岭-长白山一带，五加产于我国南方。都是名贵中药材，不仅“扶正固本”，而且还被誉为“滋补上品”，如制成“五加酒”、“刺五加茶”等。极具开发价值。它们外部形态相似，但药用价值却不完全相同。为此，对它们的营养器官（根、茎、叶）进行比较解剖，为生药显微鉴定提供解倍依据，以避免药物混杂。     

八角莲埋根育苗试验

采用八角莲的根茎和根茎根为繁殖材料,进行分批截割处理埋根试验,经对比根茎育苗法比根茎根育苗法成苗率高;但八角莲数量稀少,利用其根茎规模化育苗并不可取,以根茎根代替根茎进行育苗,从而解决这一问题另辟蹊径。     

西伯利亚红松与红松种子形态、种皮显微构造的比较研究

Normal experiment methods and electron microscope scanning technique were used to compare the differences of the seed morphological characteristics and microstructure of the seed coats between Pinus sibidca and P. koraiensis.The purpose of this study is to clarify the dormancy and germination characteristics and mechanism of the seeds of P. sibir-ica. The results showed that the thousand-grain weight of the measured seeds of P. sibidca was only 39.9% and 48.5% of that of P. koraiensis. The weight of outer seed coats of P. sibidca was 54.04% and 52.6% of their whole seed weight, which was lighter than that of P. koraiensis, while the weight of the seed coat of P. koraiensis was of 61.7% of their whole seed weight. Five layers were seen at the cross section of the hard seed coat of P. koraiensis under scanning electron microscope: external seed epidermis layer (external seed coat), epidermis layer, dense lithocyte layer, palisade layer and inner epidermis. There were four layers in the seed coat of P. sibirica : the external epidermis layer, epidermis layer, palisade layer, and inner epidermis.Thickness of outer seed coat of P. sibirica and P.koraiensis was 400 μm and 1 200—1 300 μm respectively. All these characteristics showed a big hindrance and the permeability barrier in the seed coat of P. sibirica, but not stronger than that of P. koraiensis.     

八角莲不定芽的快速培育

目的 探讨八角莲根状茎不定芽快速培育的方法.方法 采用L9(33)正交法,对根状茎结节进行浸泡之后,将根状茎栽入培养土中,再用对应的激素水溶液代替自来水进行培养.结果 八角莲不定芽快速培育的最佳处理为:选取根状茎第一节结节,BA1.0mg/L+ TDZ0.2mg/L激素水溶液中浸泡24h,不定芽诱导效果最好,每个根状茎诱导的不定芽数可达5～7个.结论 用激素水溶液对八角莲根状茎进行浸泡预处理和浇灌,能显著提高八角莲不定芽的产量.     

西藏八角莲的生物学特性及其保育措施

在阐述西藏八角莲的生物学特性、植物化学以及繁殖生物学特性的基础上,分析了引起西藏八角莲濒危的原因,并提出了具体的保育措施。     

蜡梅营养器官的解剖结构特征

采用组织离析法和石蜡切片法研究蜡梅营养器官解剖学结构的结果表明:蜡梅芽具有芽鳞;蜡梅具有典型的异面叶,表皮角质层较厚,表皮具有表皮毛,气孔多集中在下表皮,为平行列型;栅栏组织由两层细胞组成,栅栏组织与海绵组织厚度的比值高,主脉维管束呈列状排列,木纤维和韧皮纤维较发达;蜡梅根的初生木质部导管数量多、口径大,髓部为木质部占据;次生根周皮增厚;幼茎木质部含有较多的导管,茎中韧皮纤维和髓部发达;老茎的维管束紧密排列连成环状,茎的每个突起部位都有成团的韧皮纤维;蜡梅解剖结构特点说明腊梅与其山林干燥、寒冷的生长环境相适应,具有耐旱性及抗寒性。     

矮紫杉营养器官的生长规律研究

为了更好 地认识矮 紫杉 营 养 器官 的 生 长规 律, 于１９９５ ～１９９６ 年定 株 对 其进 行 了研 究。结果表 明： 矮紫 杉的地径 生长缓 慢, 在年 生长周期 中有两 次生长高 峰, 而１ ａ 生枝 径相对生 长较快。枝 条的高 生长时间 较短, 从４ 月 上旬开 始到６ 月上 旬结 束, 整 个生 长过 程呈 单峰 曲线,且顶枝 的生长明 显地快 于侧枝。     

木麻黄营养器官变异株型选择及利用技术探讨

通过对木麻黄科的短枝木麻黄、细枝木麻黄和粗枝木麻黄等3个树种的主要形态特征介绍,与本课题研究组选择的3株具有观赏型的变异型木麻黄的对照,初步探讨其利用与修剪技术及发展景观型木麻黄的必要性。     

鸭跖草的营养器官解剖及开发应用前景

论述了野生植物鸭跖草的开发应用前景，并对营养器官做了解剖结构观察，为药食兼用植物鸭跖草的开发和草药鉴别提供理论依据。     

不同郁闭度林下种植八角莲收获量与土壤养分变化分析

选用3年生的八角莲(Dysosma versipellis)苗,分别在半枫荷(Semiliquidmbar cathayensis Chang)林分郁闭度为0.3～0.5、0.5～0.7、0.7以上及空地种植,进行栽培试验研究,并对不同郁闭度林分的土壤理化性质进行研究。结果表明,不同郁闭度及空地种植间八角莲的成活率差异显著,成活率最高的为郁闭度0.5～0.7(93.00%),最低的为空地种植(37.67%);不同郁闭度之间八角莲的保存率差异显著,郁闭度为0.7以上的保存率与空地种植的保存率差异不显著,保存率最高的为郁闭度0.5～0.7(87.53%),最低的为郁闭度0.7以上(31.35%)。郁闭度0.7以上和0.5～0.7与郁闭度0.3～0.5和空地种植的八角莲根状茎生长量差异显著;林下种植的不同郁闭度之间八角莲地上部分生长量差异不显著,但林下种植与空地种植间差异显著;与半枫荷纯林相比,套种八角莲可有效提高林地土壤的水分、孔隙度、速效养分及有机质,可在高温季节降低土壤温度,在低温季节提高土壤温度。     

药用植物六角莲基因组DNA提取方法

以硅胶干燥的六角莲叶片为试材,对基因组DNA提取方法进行了研究。通过对CTAB法的改良,提取的六角莲总DNA含多糖、蛋白质、色素、RNA等杂质较少,A260/A280=1.86,完全能满足对六角莲进行分子生物学试验的要求。该提取方法同样适用于同属其它3种植物。     

濒危药用植物西藏八角莲的生态生物学特性及其保育措施

西藏八角莲含有木脂素、鬼臼脂素等物质,是重要的抗癌药物前体物来源物种,现正处在濒危状态,已被列为国家三级保护植物.该文全面阐述了西藏八角莲的生态生物学特性,包括外部形态、地理分布、生态学和群落学特性、繁殖生态学、植物化学以及细胞学和内生真菌等研究,最后分析了引起西藏八角莲濒危的原因,并提出了具体保育措施和研究展望.     

Microscopic structure and properties of wood-based foaming composites

In order to reduce the density of wood-based composites without causing a deterioration of their mechanical properties, we studied the process of manufacturing wood-based composites. A combination of polymer foaming technology and flat hot-pressing technology was used. The microscopic structure of the various wood-based composites was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), impact strength, and thickness expansion rate of water sorption (TS) were all measured. The results showed that fibers loosely interweave, and fibers had been connected by micropore. They also showed that spaces between fibers had big micropore structure. MOR, MOE and impact strength were the highest among three levels of ratio. When the total content of resin and foaming agent were 20% by weight, TS was higher. A hot-pressing temperature of 120°C was optimal. At the low temperatures of 80°C, the foaming process was uncompleted. At a higher temperature, micropores burst at a certain pressure. Based on the variance analysis and maximum difference analysis, a significance test shows that the optimum conditions for the total content of resin and foaming agent is 20% by weight, with a hot pressing temperature of 120°C for 15 min. Under these conditions, the properties of wood-based foaming composites all achieved the industry standard. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2007, 29(3): 154–158 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]     

杨木应拉木微区结构可视化及化学成分分析

木材微区结构与木材宏观性质密切相关,杨木应拉木与对应木宏观性质存在较大差别,探究杨木应拉木和对应木微区结构和化学成分,可为了解杨木应力木的宏观性质提供理论根据。借助光学显微镜、荧光显微镜、显微拉曼成像光谱仪、透射电镜对杨木应拉木微区结构进行可视化研究,并借助X射线衍射技术和美国可再生能源实验室方法,分析杨木应拉木的微晶尺寸、结晶度以及化学成分。结果表明:杨木应拉木中应拉区和对应区纤维细胞微区结构差异显著。光学显微镜下显示应拉区木纤维中胶质层清晰可见,荧光显微镜和拉曼显微镜下显示胶质层的木质素浓度比对应区低。透射电镜下显示应拉区木纤维细胞壁结构由初生壁、次生壁和胶质层组成,未见次生壁外层,各层的平均厚度分别为0.61,1.22和2.53μm。对应区木纤维为典型的初生壁和次生壁结构,次生壁各层平均厚度分别为0.33,2.28和0.14μm。杨木应拉区纤维素含量(58.91%)比对应区(41.53%)高,木质素含量和半纤维素含量均比对应区的低,应拉区木质素和半纤维素含量分别为21.99%和12.01%,对应区分别为28.10%和17.08%。杨木应拉区结晶度(48.06%)比对应区(41.01%)高,应拉区晶区宽度为2.66 nm,长度为8.84 nm;对应区晶区宽度为2.65 nm,长度为9.87 nm。     

野生冬葵种子繁殖技术及营养器官矿质元素的测定

用野生冬葵种子在室进行种子繁殖实验,了解到种子休眠期大约3个月。黑龙江省人工栽培春季可于3月20日大田播种,秋季在10月20日播种为宜。另外,茎、叶、营养器官用干灰化法测定含有6种矿质元素。     

连香树幼树各器官相关性和回归分析

定植两年的幼树稳定成活后,在第3年跟踪29块10M×10M样地幼树各器官的生长情况,发现不同植株在不同月份的生长具有极显著的差异,各器官生长具有不同的相关性。树高生长与地径、总叶量、平均叶量、平均枝条大小、平均枝长等极显著相关,与分枝数负显著相关。不同植株的不同器官对树高的回归特征不同,种群中地径、总叶量对树高的回归系数较大,而分枝数对树高的回归系数最小,为-0.029。     

Stand structure and the regeneration ofChamaecyparis pisifera (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endl. on sites with different soil development in an old-growth coniferous forest, central Japan

Stand structure and the regeneration ofChamaecyparis pisifera on sites with and without well-developed soil in an old-growth coniferous forest, Akasawa Forest Reserve, central Japan, were investigated, along with their relationships to other important coniferous species. Of stems ofC. pisifera≥5 cm diameter at breast height, stems with intermediate size were absent in stands on the developed-soil site, while those with smaller size increased in stands on the undeveloped-soil site, which supported a higher density ofC. pisifera. In the stands without recent tree-fall of canopy stems on the developed-soil site, canopy stems ofC. pisifera were distributed uniformly and the understory stems, patchily. On the other hand, both canopy and understory stems ofC. pisifera in stands on the undeveloped-soil site were distributed patchily. In the understory,C. pisifera occurred as clonal patches formed by vegetative reproduction on various types of microsites including bare rocks. However, the clonal patches did not occur in a stand on the developed-soil site with dense saplings of an evergreen conifer,Thujopsis dolabrata, which can expand vegetatively with a well developed soil layer. Gap formation may induceC. pisifera to develop tree-form stems from shrubby clonal patches. On developed-soil sites,C. pisifera stands that survive a long disturbance-free period on this site need catastrophic disturbance for their regeneration, which will eliminateT. dolabrata in the understory and create bare soil for colonization ofC. pisifera from seeds. On undeveloped-soil sites,C. pisifera replaces itself continuously by effective vegetative reproduction. Ground instability and the wet condition of this site may promote the replacement.     

Microscopic observation of transverse swelling of latewood tracheid: effect of macroscopic/mesoscopic structure

In order to study the transverse swelling/shrinkage of wood, the microscopic swelling behavior of latewood tracheid was observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy and the digital image correlation method. A microcrater structure was created on the surface of the specimen by using the ion sputter etching technique to obtain a pattern-rich digital image for image analysis. Douglas fir specimens were conditioned by two methods of absorption: rapid absorption of moisture from hot steam, and slow absorption of moisture from the water vapor of saturated solutions. Latewood tracheid near the surface of the specimen deformed only in the radial direction when the relative humidity of the surrounding air changed rapidly (rapid absorption of moisture from hot steam or absorption/desorption of moisture during the observation). In addition, the diameter of the lumen decreased upon rapid absorption of moisture, whereas it expanded upon slow absorption of moisture. These results indicate that the microscopic swelling behavior of latewood cells is strongly influenced by the macroscopic/mesoscopic structure, for instance, the cell arrangement or the alternation of latewood and earlywood. Part of this report was presented at the 54th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Sapporo, August 2004     

合肥地区常见绿化乔木种类及特性研究

【目的】随着生态文明建设的深入推进,城市绿化已从传统的休憩、观赏等功能逐渐发展为维持城市生态平衡和塑造自然生态的高层次。绿化乔木作为城市绿地的重要构成元素,不但能够营造高质量的植物景观,同时能够改善城市生态环境,发挥更好的生态效能。【方法】以合肥城区绿化乔木为研究对象,分别对安徽农业大学主校区、合肥植物园、大蜀山森林公园、环城公园和滨湖湿地公园进行调研,采用实地调查取样的方法,对乔木的种类、基本构造特性及应用形式进行统计分析。【结果】结果表明,合肥市绿化乔木约为49科,110属,133种,裸子植物36种,被子植物97种,分属常绿乔木和落叶乔木,应用形式多样整体效果较好,但在垂直绿化及主题特色仍存在不足,后期可针对性的合理布局。【结论】通过改进逐步形成科学、合理、优美的植物景观,这对于提高合肥市生态环境、塑造城市形象有着重要的作用。