出血性大肠杆菌O157eae-stx1/2B融合基因的构建和表达

构建表达eae和stx1／2B的融合基因，克隆eae基因的C端280个氨基酸残基(Int280)基因部分，以正确地阅读框定向插入到含有stx1／2B融合基因的质粒，构建重组质粒，将其转化于BL21(DE3)，用IPTG进行诱导表达，经SDS—PAGE电泳检测，该融合蛋白获得了高效表达。薄层扫描分析表明：目的蛋白表达量占菌体总蛋白含量的50．67％。由于该融合蛋白由eae、stx1B、stx2B等三部分抗原组成，可刺激机体产生针对紧密素和StxB的抗体，在EHEC O157亚单位疫苗设计或单克隆抗体抗制备中具有重要价值。     

出血性大肠杆菌O157：H7的Tir与Hly融合基因的构建和表达

构建表达Tir和Hly的融合基因,将Tir基因的C端414个氨基酸残基（Tir414）基因部分与Hly基因的C端300个氨基酸残基（Hly300）基因部分串联构建pET28a-Tir414-Hly300重组质粒,将其转化于BL21（DE3）,用IPTG进行诱导表达,经SDS-PAGE电泳检测,该融合蛋白获得了高效表达。薄层扫描分析表明,目的蛋白表达量占菌体总蛋白含量的30%左右。由于该融合蛋白由Tir和Hly2部分抗原组成,可刺激机体产生针对转位紧密素受体（Tir）和溶血素（Hly）的抗体,在EHECO157亚单位疫苗设计或单克隆抗体抗制备中具有重要价值。     

Heterologous expression of FMDV immunodominant epitopes and HSP70 in P. pastoris and the subsequent immune response in mice

Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock protein70 (HSP70) is a major antigen with both chaperone and cytokine functions. It has been used as an adjuvant to induce or potentiate humoral and cellular immunity, both in the form of a mixture with peptide antigens, and as a fusion protein. We have evaluated the effects of HSP70 on foot and mouth virus (FMDV) subunit vaccines. FMDV VP1, and a synthetic multi-epitope FMDV (EG), and VP1-HSP70 and EG-HSP70 fusion proteins were all heterologously expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris, and used as antigen in mice. The recombinant VP1 and EG alone was able to induce both humoral and marginal cell-mediated immune responses, while the HSP70 fusions markedly enhanced both the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. The most prominent immune responses arose from vaccination with the EG-HSP70 fusion product. Both fusion protein-induced Th1-like cytokine (IFN-gamma) and Th2-like cytokine (IL-4) were identified.     

Use of a recombinant protein containing major epitopes of hnRNP G to detect anti-hnRNP G antibodies in dogs with systemic lupus erythematosus

The objective of this study was to express major epitopes of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G (hnRNP G) for detecting anti-hnRNP G antibodies in dogs with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). HnRNP G cDNA clone was isolated from HEp-2 cells, and a DNA fragment encoding immunodominant region (residues 189-272) of hnRNP G (hnRNP Gi) was subcloned into pET32 vector to construct a prokaryotic expression plasmid named pEThnRNPGi. After induction, Escherichia coli carrying pEThnRNPGi expressed a recombinant protein of 28 kDa, comprising recombinant hnRNP Gi and fusion tag. Purified recombinant hnRNP Gi protein was further analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and its identity was confirmed. Western blot analysis showed that recombinant hnRNP Gi was specifically recognized by anti-hnRNP G positive sera of SLE dogs, and not by negative control sera. In conclusion, recombinant hnRNP Gi protein expressed in this study may serve as a useful reagent to assist in the immunological diagnosis of canine SLE.     

New gene-based approaches for an AIDS vaccine

Vaccine approaches against AIDS have focused on inducing cellular immune responses, since many studies revealed the role of T cell responses in the control of human immunodeficiency virus or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections. The experimental infection of rhesus macaques with SIV or chimeric SHIV is routinely used as a model for AIDS. In such models, DNA immunization is a tool to elicit specific T cell responses and to study their protective efficacy. DNA immunogenicity in primates depends on parameters such as level of antigen expression, choice of the antigen among SIV proteins, use of fusion proteins, route of immunization, and addition of adjuvants. Recent results suggest that priming with DNA and boosting with attenuated recombinant viral vectors, each expressing corresponding SIV antigens, leads to improved specific immunity and, in some cases, affords protection against pathogenic challenge. After preclinical evaluations, DNA has entered clinical trials for a therapeutic or prophylactic gene-based AIDS vaccine.     

副猪嗜血杆菌OmpA抗原表位预测、克隆及表达

运用生物信息学软件DNAStar对副猪嗜血杆菌S4型OmpA的二级结构、表面特性及抗原表位等进行分析，联合重组抗原表位基因片段，并对其进行密码子改造，人工合成改造后的基因片段。将其插入pET-32a构建重组表达载体pETpA，转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3），进行诱导表达、鉴定及纯化。结果显示，OmpA胞外段的抗原表位分布于40～61、94～108、138～148、193～214氨基酸残基。重组后的表位基因序列与理论设计序列完全一致，表达产物为28000大小的融合蛋白且其能与兔抗Hpss4型多抗血清特异性地反应。融合蛋白经过柱纯化并经脱盐处理后质量浓度为4～40g／L。结果表明，成功构建表达OmpA多抗原表位的重组质粒pET—pA，并对融合蛋白进行分离纯化，为单克隆抗体的制备、检测方法的建立及疫苗的研制奠定了基础。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒COE核酸疫苗的构建及免疫原性

用疑似患猪流行性腹泻病猪肠病料,扩增部分保护性抗原基因（COE基因）,通过T4连接酶将COE基因与真核表达载体plRES2-EGFP进行连接,提取纯化重组质粒。通过脂质体转染vero细胞,用SDS-PAGE和westernblot鉴定COE蛋白的表达。用重组质粒对BALB／c小鼠进行免疫,观察免疫效果。结果显示成功构建了pIRES2-EGFP—COE真核表达载体;目的蛋白在vero细胞中得到表达;重组质粒免疫小鼠能够产生相应抗体。结果表明,COE核酸疫苗可在小鼠体内诱导相应的抗体产生,这为进一步研究猪腹泻病毒的核酸疫苗奠定了基础。     

Development of Immunologic Assays to Measure Response in Horses Vaccinated with Xenogeneic Plasmid DNA Encoding Human Tyrosinase

Xenogeneic plasmid DNA constructs have been developed and optimized for immunotherapies targeting cancer in both humans and dogs. Specifically, plasmid vectors containing the tumor antigen tyrosinase have demonstrated immunoreactivity and clinical benefit in the treatment of melanocytic tumors in these species. Overexpression of tyrosinase has also been noted in equine melanocytic tumors, supporting its role as a valid tumor antigen in the horse. Vaccination with plasmid constructs containing tyrosinase may thus have translational immunoreactivity in the treatment of equine melanomas. Here, we describe a methodology that is highly sensitive and specific for the detection of both humoral and cell-mediated immunoreactivity against tyrosinase in equine patients. These antigen-specific immunoassays are used to measure the humoral and cell-mediated responses in a cohort of horses vaccinated with xenogeneic plasmid DNA encoding human tyrosinase. Serum humoral responses were measured using standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique against the full-length recombinant human tyrosinase protein. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from vaccinated horses and stimulated with tyrosinase-specific peptides. Cell-mediated responses were then measured using a novel quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction technique to determine resultant interferon-γ expression. All horses developed significantly positive humoral and cell-mediated immune responses compared with their individual prevaccination values. No adverse reactions or signs of autoimmunity were detected. Vaccination with xenogeneic plasmid DNA expressing tyrosinase appears to elicit tumor antigen-specific reactivity and should be evaluated in a larger cohort of horses with melanocytic tumors.     

Improved immunogenicity of DNA vaccination with mycobacterial HSP65 against bovine tuberculosis by protein boosting

A scientific review for the government of the United Kingdom has recommended that the development of a cattle vaccine against bovine tuberculosis holds the best prospects to control this disease in the national herd. As BCG vaccination of cattle results in variable degrees of protection, novel vaccine strategies that could replace or supplement BCG are required. In this study, the mycobacterial antigen HSP65 was used to determine whether priming cattle with a plasmid DNA vaccine and subsequently boosting with the recombinant protein in adjuvant (heterologous prime-boost approach) would result in improved and more homogenous immune responses over immunising with plasmid DNA or protein in adjuvant alone. The results demonstrated that strong, and compared to protein or DNA vaccination protocols alone, more homogenous, cellular immune responses were induced in cattle vaccinated with the prime-boost regimen. In addition, DNA prime-protein boost vaccination as well as protein vaccination resulted in stronger humoral immune responses with a balanced IgG profile compared to DNA vaccination alone. Importantly, none of the vaccination protocols sensitised cattle to the intradermal tuberculin test suggesting that TB subunit vaccines can be designed to allow the continued use of the tuberculin test to discriminate between vaccinated cattle and those infected with Mycobacterium bovis.     

Cloning and expression of chicken anemia virus VP3 protein in Escherichia coli

Purification of chicken anemia virus (CAV) VP3 protein, expressed in a prokaryotic expression system as histidine-tagged fusion protein is demonstrated in the present study. CAV particle was obtained from infected liver of chicken and DNA was extracted. The VP3 protein gene was amplified from the extracted DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned. The recombinant expression construct (pTrc-VP3) was identified by PCR and sequencing analysis. Expression of VP3 protein with a molecular mass of approximately 21kDa was confirmed by Western blotting analysis with CAV-specific antibodies. The in vitro expressed VP3 protein was purified to near homogeneity by elution from the gel, as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. The purified VP3 protein was recognized by CAV antibodies in a Western blotting assay. This finding indicates that recombinant VP3 expressed in the pTrcHis2 vector system can be used as antigen to detect anti-CAV antibodies.     

Immune responses in dogs with cutaneous adverse food reactions

Adverse food reactions (AFR) in dogs are reactions due to apparently harmless food antigens, with an unknown aetiology, i.e. immunopathogenesis. Despite the entry of food allergens via the intestinal tract, in the majority of dogs with AFR, clinical symptoms are only associated with the skin (CAFR). In the present review, factors are presented of relevance in triggering the differentiation of naive T cells into effector T cell types and the role of these T cell types in allergy. More specifically, the allergic immune responses in intestine and skin are discussed in this article as well as the potential pathways, e.g. homing of antigen presenting cells or allergen-induced T cells to the skin, of induction of cutaneous symptoms.     

Subunit influenza vaccine candidate based on CD154 fused to HAH5 increases the antibody titers and cellular immune response in chickens

World Health Organization has a great concern about the spreading of avian influenza virus H5N1. To counteract its massive spread, poultry vaccination is highly recommended together with biosecurity measures. In our study, a recombinant vaccine candidate based on the fusion of extracellular segments of hemagglutinin (HA) H5 of avian influenza virus and chicken CD154 (HACD) is tested with the aim of enhancing humoral and cellular immune responses in chickens. Protein expression was carried out by transducing several mammalian cell lines with recombinant adenoviral vectors. HACD purification was assessed by three distinct purification protocols: immunoaffinity chromatography by elution at acidic pH or with a chaotropic agent and size exclusion chromatography. Humoral and cellular immune responses were measured using the hemagglutination inhibition assay and the semiquantitative real time PCR, respectively. The results showed that humoral response against HACD was significantly higher than the obtained with HA alone after booster (P<0.01, P<0.05). From HACD molecules purified by distinct protocols, only the obtained by size exclusion chromatography generated hemagglutinationin-inhibition activity. IFN-γ levels indicated that cellular immune response was significantly higher with HACD, in its pure or impure form, compared to its counterpart HA (P<0.01). These data demonstrate that HACD is able to significantly enhance humoral and cellular immune responses against HA antigen, which make this fusion protein a promising subunit vaccine candidate against H5N1 virus outbreaks.     

Effect of synthetic agonists of toll-like receptor 9 on canine lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production in vitro

Synthetic agonists of TLR9 containing novel DNA structures and R'pG (wherein R=1-(2'-deoxy-beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-2-oxo-7-deaza-8-methyl-purine) motifs, referred to as immune modulatory oligonucleotides (IMOs), have been shown to stimulate T(H)-1-type-immune responses and potently reverse allergen-induced T(H)-2 responses to T(H)-1 responses in vitro and in vivo in mice. In order to investigate the immunomodulatory potential of IMOs in dogs, canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy dogs were stimulated with three different IMOs and a control IMO, alone or in combination with concanavalin A (ConA). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used as a positive control for B lymphocyte activation. Carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester and phenotype staining was used to tag proliferating T and B lymphocytes (CD5(+) and CD21(+)) by flow cytometry. Real-time PCR and ELISA were processed to assay cytokine production of IFN-gamma, IL-10, TGF-beta, IL-6 and IL-10. Like LPS, IMOs alone induced neither proliferation of CD5(+) T cells nor CD21(+) B cells, but both LPS and IMO had the capacity to co-stimulate ConA and induced proliferation of B cells. In combination with ConA, one of the IMOs (IMO1) also induced proliferation of T cells. IMO1 also significantly enhanced the expression of IFN-gamma on the mRNA and protein level in canine PBMC, whereas expression of IL-10, TGF-beta and IL-4 mRNAs was not induced by any of the IMOs. These results indicate that in canine PBMC from healthy dogs, IMO1 was able to induce a T(H)-1 immune response including T- and B-cell proliferation.     

丹毒丝菌spaA基因免疫保护区的克隆与功能研究

本研究以丹毒丝菌XJ1249基因组DNA为模板,根据GenBank已发表的丹毒丝菌表面保护性抗原A (SpaA)的序列设计引物进行PCR扩增,得到大小约1 029 bp的spaA基因N端免疫保护片段(spaA-N)。将spaA-N连接到载体pGEX-4T-1上构建重组原核表达质粒pGEX-spaA-N,对重组质粒进行序列验证后,在IPTG的诱导下,表达和纯化重组蛋白r-SpaA-N,并研究其对小鼠的免疫保护作用。结果显示:分离纯化的重组蛋白具有免疫原性,并对小鼠具有免疫保护性,能够有效防止丹毒丝菌对小鼠的侵染。研究结果为进一步研究丹毒丝菌致病机理,开发新的猪丹毒诊断试剂盒和亚单位疫苗奠定了基础。     

猪细小病毒结构蛋白VP2主要抗原表位区基因的克隆及原核表达

本文参照GenBank发表的猪细小病毒结构蛋白VP2基因序列,设计一对引物,通过PCR方法扩增出一段包含VP2主要抗原表位编码区的片段,产物克隆到pGEM-T载体上,酶切后插入原核表达载体pET-32(a)的T7启动子下游,构建的重组质粒pET-VP2经IPTG诱导,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中获得了高效表达。SDS-PAGE结果显示,表达产物分子量为39.1KDa,主要以包涵体形式存在。BandScan分析,表达量约占菌体蛋白的65.2%。表达产物用His亲和层析柱纯化。Western blotting结果显示,该种蛋白能与阳性血清发生特异性反应。结果说明,该重组蛋白具有抗原性,可以作为鉴别诊断用抗原。     

Expression of MPB70 Protein and Identification the Immunogenicity of Deer Mycobacterium tuberculosis

In this study,the immunogenicity protein MPB70 gene was amplified from Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome DNA which separated from deer, and about 590 bp fragment was obtained. Then the fragment was cloned and constructed prokaryotic expression vector of pET-30a-MPB70, and the recombinant plasmid was put into E. coli BL21(DE3).Purified after IPTG induction, and analyzed by SDS-PAGE, a specificity protein band was observed at 20 ku. Using the deer serum positive of tuberculosis in Western blotting, the fusion protein could be combined with deer serum positive of tuberculosis antibody and arise specific immune response. The protein could be used as a specific antigen to test the deer tuberculosis. The study laid a foundation for further studying the deer tuberculosis appraisal method.     

鹿结核分枝杆菌MPB70蛋白的表达与免疫原性鉴定

本研究以分离的鹿结核分枝杆菌DNA为模板扩增免疫原性蛋白MPB70基因,获得约590 bp片段,并将其克隆,构建原核表达载体pET-30a-MPB70,将重组质粒转入大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,经IPTG诱导后纯化和SDS-PAGE分析,在20 ku处可见特异性蛋白条带。利用鹿结核阳性血清进行Western blotting鉴定,原核表达的融合蛋白可与鹿结核阳性血清抗体结合,并出现特异的免疫反应。该蛋白可作为特异性抗原进行鹿结核病的检测,从而为鹿结核病诊断方法的研究奠定基础。     

乳酸菌融合表达传染性法氏囊病毒VP2蛋白与大肠杆菌LTB及其诱导免疫应答的研究

为研究传染性法氏囊病毒(IBDV)保护性抗原VP2与E.coli不耐热肠毒素B亚单位(LTB)在戊糖乳杆菌(L.pentosus)中的共表达及其免疫原性,本研究以乳酸杆菌表面表达型和分泌表达型质粒pPG-1和pPG-2为载体,以VP2为目的基因,构建VP2基因单独表达及与LTB基因融合表达的4种重组L.pentosus,分别命名为pPG-1-VP2/L.pentosus、pPG-1-VP2-LTB/L.pentosus、pPG-2-VP2/L.pentosus及pPG-2-VP2-LTB/L.pentosus。表达的重组蛋白分子量大小分别约为47 ku、55 ku、45 ku及53ku。将构建的重组L.pentosus分别口服免疫SPF雏鸡,以IDEXX试剂盒测定体液免疫应答水平,结果显示,不同表达方式的重组L.pentosus均可以刺激机体产生特异性循环抗体和分泌抗体(sIgA),其中pPG-2-VP2-LTB/L.pentosus诱导产生的抗体滴度高于其它组。MTT法检测不同表达方式的重组乳酸菌免疫雏鸡外周血淋巴细胞增殖反应,结果显示特异性抗原对免疫雏鸡淋巴细胞的增殖指数显著高于未免疫组,表明重组菌能够刺激机体产生特异性细胞免疫应答。这些结果表明4种重组菌均能够刺激机体产生局部黏膜免疫和全身系统免疫应答;并且带有黏膜免疫佐剂LTB融合表达试验组高于VP2蛋白单独表达组。     

微小隐孢子虫三个基因主要抗原表位区的串联表达及其抗原性分析

应用多个抗原袁位预测软件对微小隐孢子虫CP15、P23和CP15/60三个子孢子表面抗原的氨基酸序列进行T细胞袁位预测及分析,从中选取了三个抗原表位富集的基因片段,利用重叠延伸PCR(gene splicing by overlapping extension PCR,SOE PCR)将该三个基因片段串联在一起,各基因片段之间以柔性氨基酸(GGGGS)碱基序列链接,得到的拼接片段命名为CpTm.将目的基因克隆到原核表达载体pET-28a(+)上,构建重组表达质粒pET-CpTm,并转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中进行诱导表达,将纯化的重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠制备多克隆抗体.结果成功地构建了CpTm串联基因并在大肠杆菌中以可溶形式高效表达,质谱分析表明重组表达蛋白包含了上述三个抗原的氨基酸序列.Western blot分析显示该重组蛋白能被牛抗微小隐孢子虫阳性血清及隐孢子虫鼠基因型CP15、P23、CP15/60基因重组表达蛋白免疫兔血清识别,制备的抗血清能被重组蛋白特异性识别,表明表达的重组蛋白具有较好的反应原性和免疫原性,为多表位疫苗的研制奠定了基础.