Molecular cloning and expression patterns of two small heat shock proteins from Chilo suppressalis(Walker)

Small heat shock proteins(sHSPs) are a very complex protein superfamily that increase insect temperature tolerance. In order to deeply understand the function and role of sHSPs in Chilo suppressalis(Walker), this study isolated and identified two CsHSP genes lacking introns from C. suppressalis, Cshsp23.9 and Cshsp27.3. The cDNA full-length of Cshsp23.9 and Cshsp27.3 were 909 and 1 036 bp encoding 220 and 242 amino acids, respectively. Alignment with homologs and phylogenetic analysis indicated Cshsp23.9 and Cshsp27.3 were two new types of Cshsps in C. suppressalis. Real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR) revealed that Cshsp23.9 had the highest relative expression in hindgut compared with other tissues(head, epidermis, foregut, midgut, fat body, Malpighian tubules, and hemocytes), while Cshsp27.3 expressed the highest in fat body content. When exposed to thermal stress from –11 to 43℃ for 2 h, two genes showed different expression patterns. Cshsp23.9 did not respond to low temperature, but could be up-regulated by high temperature and the highest expression temperature was at 36℃. Cshsp27.3 could only be induced by mild temperature, with the highest expression at 15 and 30℃. In conclusion, Cshsp23.9 and Cshsp27.3 existed in different tissues/organs of C. suppressalis, and played different important roles in C. suppressalis to resist temperature stress and regulate physiological activities.     

The Susceptibilities of Oxya chinensis （Orthoptera： Acridoidea） to Malathion and Comparison of the Esterase Properties from Three Collected Populations in Tianjin Area,China

The susceptibilities of Oxya chinensis to malathion were studied in three populations collected from outskirt of Tianjin, China, using bioassays and biochemical analysis. Populations were chosen to represent different exposure to insecticides： BDG （Beidagang; low exposure）, BD （Baodi; high exposure previously but low exposure now）, and JN （Jinnan; high exposure）. The results showed that the LD50 values of BD and JN populations were 3.95- and 12.02-fold and 3.64- and 10.07- fold higher than that of BDG population in females and males, respectively. The LD50 values in females were higher than those in males. The results of biochemical analysis indicated that the esterase （EST） activities in JN population were higher than those in BD and BDG populations. They showed that when α-NA, α-NB, and α-NA were used as substrates, females＇ EST activities of JN population were 1.11-, 1.30-, and 1.14-fold and 1.39-, 1.59-, and 1.54-fold higher than those of BD and BDG populations, respectively. When α-NA, α-NB, and β-NA were used as substrates, males＇ EST activities of JN population were 1.13-, 1.12-, and 1,00-fold and 1.20-, 1.14-, and 1.07-fold higher than those of BD and BDG populations, respectively. The results also showed that the specific activities of the females were higher than those of the males in the BD and JN populations, whereas the specific activities of the males were higher than those of the females in the BDG population. The results of bioassay were consistent with those of biochemical analysis. Thus, it was inferred that the elevated ESTs activities might play an important role in conferring the differences of susceptibility of O. chinensis to malathion in the three collected populations. Enzyme kinetic studies indicated that the Km and Vmax values were different among the three collected populations and between the females and the males. The observed changes in the kinetic parameters might be explained by differential expression patterns of isozymes so that the insect esterases have different affinities and maximum velocities toward the same substrate.     

Study on Insecticidal Activities and Effect on Three Kinds of Enzymes by 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Oxya chinensis

Insecticidal activities and effects on three enzymic activities caused by 5-aminolevulinic acid （ALA） on Oxya chinensis were studied. Fourth-instar nymphs of O. chinensis were treated with different doses ofALA （A1,250 mM; A2, 450 mM; A3,750 mM; A4, 1 000 mM）. Mortality and the activities of acetylcholinesterase （ACHE）, glutathione S-transferase （GSTs）, and glutathione peroxidase （GPx） were determinated. The mortality of O. chinensis rose with an increasing dose of ALA. The mortality of high-dose treatments A3 and A4 reached 66.19 and 80.21%, respectively. The value of LD50 was 3.61 （3.29-3.93） mg·g^-1 body weight （95% confidence interval）. Biochemical studies showed that the activities of AChE and GPx in the A4 treatment declined by 51.53 and 42.82% in the female, and 42.65 and 43.85% in the male compared to the control, respectively, and the degree of decline reached a significant level at P 〈 0.05. Meanwhile, the GSTs activities of O. chinensis enhanced with increasing dose of ALA. The GSTs activities of female and male O. chinensis in the A4 treatment remarkably increased by 171.05 and 97.42% compared to the control （P〈 0.05）. ALA had an obviously toxic effect on O. chinensis. Moreover, ALA caused the photoinactivation of AChE and GPx, which induced nerve transmission blocking and the capability to defend oxidation damage declining. Meanwhile, a high dose of ALA could activate GSTs, which caused a feedback inhibition of the insect to the phototoxic substance.     

Absorption of Food in African Pike Hepsetus odoe （Bloch, 1974） in Ado Ekiti Reservoir,Ekiti State,Southwestern Nigeria

The protein, carbohydrate and lipid contents of the food ingested and their absorption in the intestine ofHepsetus odoe in Ado-Ekiti Reservoir, Ekiti State, Nigeria were investigated. Samples were analysed chemically for protein, fat and carbohydrate using the official methods of analysis described by the Association of Official Analytical Chemist. The ingested food had mean total protein, mean total carbohydrate and mean total lipid of 60.2% - 8.55%, 15.4% ± 1.9% and 15.6% ±1.1% of the organic content respectively. Calculated mean total percentages absorbed were 72.4% protein, 52% carbohydrate and 51.5% lipid. The foregut had the highest percentage absorption while the hindgut had the lowest for all the nutrients. Different sizes of fish showed different dietary protein, carbohydrate and lipid contents. Absorptive capacity for these components of the food also varied with fish size.     

泥鳅消化道6种内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学定位(英文)

[Objective] The study was to immunohistochemical localize the endocrine cells from digestive tract of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus.[Method] Using six gastrointestinal hormone antisera, the endocrine cells from digestive tract of M.anguillicaudatus was immunohistochemical localized.[Result] The 5-hydroxytryptamine immunoreactive(5-HT-IR) cells distribute in oesophagus, foregut and midgut; the distribution density was determined to be forepart of foregut> oesophagus and hindpart of foregut>gut, and the differences in the three density gradients reached significant level. Like PP-IR, SS-IR cells were observed mostly in oesophagus, followed by hindpart of foregut, least in forepart of foregut, but never found in gut and hindgut. The three kinds of immunocompetent cells Gas-IR, Glu-IR and SP-IR were not detected in each part of digestive tract. [Conclusion] This study may provide basic data for studying the nutritional and digestive physiology, as well as the preparation of meridic diets for M.anguillicaudatus.     

Alterations of Alternative Splicing Patterns of Ser/Arg-Rich （SR） Genes in Response to Hormones and Stresses Treatments in Different Ecotypes of Rice （Oryza sativa）

Ser/Arg-rich (SR) genes encode proteins that play pivotal roles in both constitutive and alternative splicing of pre-mRNA. However, not much effort has been made to investigate the alternative splicing of their own pre-mRNA. In this study, we conducted comprehensive analyses of pre-mRNA splicing for 22 SR genes in three rice (Oryza sativa L.) ecotypes indica, japonica and javanica. Using different ecotypes we characterized the variations in expression and splicing patterns of rice SR genes in different tissues and at different developmental stages. In addition, we compared the divergence in expression and splicing patterns of SR genes from seedlings of different rice ecotypes in response to hormones application and environmental stresses. Our results revealed the complexity of alternative splicing of SR genes in rice. The splicing varies in different tissues, in different ecotypes, in response to stresses and hormones. Thus, our study suggested that SR genes were subjected to sophisticated alternative splicing although their encoding proteins were involved in the splicing process.     

Characterization of the Purified Glutathione S-transferases from Two Psocids Liposcelis bostrychophila and L.entomophila

Glutathione S-transferases（GSTs） from Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel and L.entomophila（Enderlein）（Psocoptera：Liposcelididae） were purified by glutathione-agarose affinity chromatography,and characterized subsequently by their Michaelis-Menten kinetics toward the artificial substrates 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene（CDNB） and reduced glutathione（GSH）,respectively.The specific activity of the purified GST toward CDNB was 2.3-fold higher in L.bostrychophila than in L.entomophila.Though the specific activities of purified enzymes varied between the two species,the purification yields were similar.SDS-PAGE revealed one band at 23 kDa for both the species.GSTs of L.entomophila exhibited higher Michaelis-Menten constants（Km） but lower maximal velocity（Vmax） values than those of L.bostrychophila.The optimum pH for CDNB conjugation of L.bostrychophila and L.entomophila GSTs was 7.0 and 7.5,and optimum temperature was 35 and 40°C,respectively.Inhibition kinetics showed that cibacron blue,curcumin,bromosulfalein,ethacrynic acid,and carbosulfan had excellent inhibitory effects on GSTs in both species,but the inhibitory effects of beta-cypermethrin,fenpropathrin,tetraethylthiuram disulfide,and diethyl maleate were not significant.     

Characterization of T-complex polypeptide 1 (TCP-1) from the Chilo suppressalis HSP60 family and its expression in response to temperature stress

Many proteins require assistance from molecular chaperones at various stages to attain correctly folded states and functional conformations during protein synthesis. In this study, the gene encoding T-complex polypeptide 1(TCP-1), which belongs to the heat shock protein 60(HSP60) family, was isolated and characterized from the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis, by RACE and q PCR, respectively. The full-length c DNA of Tcp-1 was 2 144 bp and encoded a 1 635-bp ORF; the deduced translational product contained 545 amino acids with 5′-and 3′-UTRs and an isoelectric point of 5.29. Cluster analysis confirmed that the deduced amino acid sequence shared high identity(60–99%) with TCP-1 from other insects. To investigate Tcp-1 expression in response to abiotic stress, q PCR was used to analyze expression levels of Tcp-1 m RNA in C. suppressalis larvae exposed to temperatures ranging from –11 to 43°C. With respect to heat shock, Tcp-1 expression was higher than the control after a 2-h exposure to 30 and 36°C and declined at 39 and 43°C. Difference in Tcp-1 expression was observed at temperatures ranging from –11 to 27°C. q PCR analyses revealed that Tcp-1 expression was the highest in hindgut tissue as compared to heads, epidermis, fat body, foregut, midgut, and malpighian tubules. Our results indicated that Tcp-1 expression was differentially expressed in C. suppressalis tissues, and was impacted by temperature stress.     

Oleuropein-Specific-13-Glucosidase Activity Marks the Early Response of Olive Fruits （Olea europaea） to Mimed Insect Attack

Olive fruits are seriously deteriorated by pre and postharvest damage due to the attack of insects, such as Bactrocera olaea, which strongly alters the quality of olives. Defence response in olive fruits injured both by pathogens and by mechanical damages has been associated with the enzyme β-glucosidase, which specifically hydrolyses oleuropein, producing highly reactive aldehyde molecules. In situ detection of ~-glucosidase activity in olive fruit tissues following injury, which simulates Bactrocera oleae punctures, is reported. The assay was performed in two cultivars showing different degrees of susceptibilities to fly infestation. In both cultivars, the histochemical assay for β-glucosidase showed that within 20 min after the injury, a strong ~-glucosidase activity could be observed in the damaged tissues. Thereafter a progressive enzyme inactivation occurred starting from tissues around the boundary of the injury with decrease of the enzyme activity and stopped after 3 h. Whereas the mass of active cells reached a distance of （300±50） μm from the edge of the injury. Biochemical analyses showed that in extracts of the injured fruit, β-glucosidase activity rapidly increased within 20 min from injury, thereafter decreasing and reaching values comparable with those in intact fruits. Following puncture, the oleuropein contents did not change significantly in the high susceptibility cultivar, whereas it rapidly decreased in the cultivar showing low susceptibility. The results strongly suggest that olive fruits susceptible towards fly infestation could be related to the ability of the oleuropein-degrading-β-glucosidase to produce the highly reactive molecules in the damaged tissues. As a consequence of puncture, high level of peroxidase activity was detected. This feature also suggested that this enzyme could play a key role in the defence response against insect injuries.     

Regulatory Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors Genes During Fatty Liver Formation in Geese

In order to investigate the expression pattern of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor （PPAR） genes before and after overfeeding, and estimate the effect of expressed PPAR levels on weights of fatty liver and abdominal fat in geese, the RT-PCR products of PPAR genes in heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach, small intestine, brain, breast muscle, leg muscle, and abdominal fat were determined before and after overfeeding. RT-PCR was used to determine the expression levels of PPAR genes. Quantity one software was used to analyze absorbency, and the expression level of GAPDH gene was used as contrast. Expression levels of PPAR-α were relatively high in most of detected tissues but undetectable in abdominal fat tissue before overfeeding, and the level was evidently increased in lung, appeared in abdominal fat tissue, and reduced in the other tissues after overfeeding. Expressed PPAR-γ levels were relatively high in liver, spleen, lung, small intestine, and abdominal fat, and relatively low in the other tissues before overfeeding. Expressed PPAR-γ levels were enhanced in liver, spleen, lung, stomach, and kidney but decreased in abdominal fat and without obvious changes in the other tissues. Expression patterns of PPAR genes show tissue-specific manner. In addition, expression patterns of PPAR-α are different from PPAR-γ after overfeeding. It might suggest that different functions of PPAR subtypes are responsive to overfeeding.     

扶桑绵粉蚧谷胱甘肽S-转移酶基因的克隆及不同发育阶段的表达分析

【目的】扶桑绵粉蚧是我国重要的入侵生物,其繁殖能力强,能危害棉花、扶桑、向日葵、南瓜、番茄等多种我国重要的经济作物。克隆扶桑绵粉蚧谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GSTs）基因,可为揭示扶桑绵粉蚧GSTs的生理功能提供参考。【方法】利用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆扶桑绵粉蚧谷胱甘肽S-转移酶基因全长,并采用生物信息学方法分析其结构特征,用实时荧光定量PCR的方法研究其各个虫态的表达谱。【结果】克隆了扶桑绵粉蚧谷胱甘肽S-转移酶基因全长序列,该基因的开放阅读框包含651 bp的片段,编码217个氨基酸。DNA编码区由4个内含子和5个外显子组成,内含子的长度分别为90,123,67和70 bp;分隔的5个外显子的长度分别为18,50,96,80和500 bp。功能域分析结果显示,该蛋白在N末端和C末端均有GST的类似结构位点。多序列比对及系统进化树构建结果表明,该蛋白属Zeta家族GSTs,将其命名为PsGSTzl。PsGSTzl mRNA在扶桑绵粉蚧的不同虫态中都有表达,在1龄幼虫中的表达量最高。【结论】成功克隆的PsGSTzl基因在不同虫态中差异表达,为进一步揭示该基因在虫体的代谢作用奠定了基础。     

亚慢性铜暴露对背角无齿蚌鳃抗氧化系统的影响

为探究淡水环境中铜(Copper, Cu)污染对背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)鳃抗氧化系统的影响,检测了Cu~(2+)(0.137、0.548、2.192 mg·L~(-1))暴露于背角无齿蚌7、14、21、28 d后,其鳃中超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase,CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GPx)和谷胱甘肽转硫酶(Glutathione-S-transferase,GST)的活性,还原型谷胱甘肽(Reduced glutathione,GSH)和丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)的含量及总抗氧化能力(Total antioxidant capacity,TAOC)的变化。结果显示:随着Cu~(2+)浓度的增加和暴露时间的延长,MDA含量逐渐上升,表现出明显的"剂量-效应"和"时间-效应"关系;抗氧化酶SOD、GPx和GST活性均被显著诱导(P0.05), CAT活性被显著抑制(P0.05),抗氧化剂GSH含量显著降低(P0.05);Cu~(2+)暴露14、21、28 d,T-AOC与对照组相比均显著升高(P0.05)。总体而言,背角无齿蚌鳃抗氧化系统在Cu~(2+)暴露下被激活,但是鳃组织器官仍然受到了氧化损伤。GPx、GST和GSH对Cu~(2+)暴露响应最为灵敏。     

野生小花南芥体内AsA-GSH循环对土壤Cd、Pb胁迫的响应

为探讨植物在重金属胁迫下的防御机制,通过野外调查的方法,分析了云南省会泽县铅锌矿区三个采样区野生小花南芥（Arabis alpina L.var.parviflora Franch）体内抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽（Ascorbate-glutathione,AsA-GSH）循环对土壤Cd、Pb胁迫的响应。结果表明：驰宏区、小马坪、三多多三个采样点的土壤Cd、Pb含量存在差异,驰宏区采样点土壤的Cd、Pb含量显著高于小马坪和三多多采样点,同时驰宏区小花南芥根长、根表面积、根体积和株高均较高。驰宏区采样点野生小花南芥的丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）、抗坏血酸（Ascorbic acid,AsA）和还原型谷胱甘肽（Reduced glutathione,GSH）含量显著高于小马坪。小花南芥根和叶中抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（Ascorbate peroxidase,APX）和谷胱甘肽转硫酶（Glutathione S-transferase,GST）活性随土壤Cd、Pb含量的升高而显著提高;驰宏区野生小花南芥根部的谷胱甘肽还原酶（Glutathione reductase,GR）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（Glutathione peroxidase,GPX）活性显著低于小马坪。综上所述,在土壤Cd、Pb污染条件下,野生小花南芥通过体内AsA-GSH循环保持较强的抗氧化物质再生能力,增强对Cd、Pb的耐性。     

急性操作胁迫对美洲鲥亲鱼血清生化指标及HSP70基因表达的影响

探讨了急性操作胁迫对美洲鲥(Alosa sapidissima)亲鱼血清生化指标及鳃和肝组织HSP70(Heat Shock Protein70)mRNA水平的影响。采用空气暴露方式对美洲鲥亲鱼进行了急性操作胁迫。实验设定应激零点对照组和15 s、30 s、60 s 3个操作强度实验组,操作后采样,测定皮质醇(COR)、三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、血清血糖(GLU)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、总蛋白(TP)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GST)、溶菌酶(LZM)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、Na~+、K~+、Cl~-、Ca~(2+)以及鳃、肝HSP70 mRNA水平。结果表明:与对照组相比,实验组COR、ALT、AST、GST、LZM、SOD、MDA、GLU、TG、TC、TP、K~+和Ca~(2+)均有显著增加(P0.05);CAT和T4出现显著下降(P0.05);T3、Na+和Cl-未见显著差异(P0.05)。血清生化指标显著变化表明,急性操作胁迫下美洲鲥亲鱼的肝脏、心脏损伤指标显著升高,表明肝脏以及心脏可能受到了一定程度损伤。与对照组相比,实验组鳃HSP70 mRNA水平未有显著变化(P0.05),肝HSP70 mRNA水平在15 s、30 s和60 s空气暴露组均显著升高(P0.05)。表明急性操作胁迫可以提高肝脏HSP70 mRNA水平。     

镉胁迫下蚯蚓(Eisenia fetida)生物标志物的应激响应研究

为研究重金属镉胁迫下蚯蚓生物标志物的响应并综合评价污染风险,设置不同浓度镉污染的人工土壤微宇宙体系,进行为期30d蚯蚓胁迫实验.比较不同镉浓度下蚯蚓生长繁殖(日增重倍数和日增殖倍数)和生化指标,包括过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)的活性,糖原(Gn)、可溶性蛋白(SP)、丙二醛(MDA)和金属硫蛋白(MT)的含量,结果表明:日增重倍数和日增殖倍数随着镉浓度升高显著降低,镉对蚯蚓生长繁殖具有抑制作用;镉对大多数生化指标有显著影响,其中SP、CAT、MT、GST含量或活性随着镉浓度的升高而显著提升,但MDA、Gn、SOD表现出不规则变化趋势.生物标志物响应指数(BRI)和综合生物标志物响应指数(IBR)表明,环境胁迫效应随着镉浓度增加而加强.BRI显示在0.1,1和10 mg·kg-1镉浓度下,蚯蚓分别面临着轻度胁迫、较大胁迫和严重胁迫.多项生物标志物对镉有复杂的响应,相较于IBR,BRI具有操作简单、适用范围广的突出优点.     

羊踯躅嫩叶离体培养和植株高效再生技术研究

【目的】建立羊踯躅嫩叶离体培养及植株高效再生体系。【方法】以羊踯躅新生嫩叶为外植体,筛选嫩叶愈伤组织诱导、再分化及生根培养基,并以再生植株茎节为试材,建立高效植株再生体系。【结果】最适合羊踯躅嫩叶愈伤组织诱导的培养基为1/2 DR+2.40 mg/L 2ip+0.80 mg/L NAA,诱导率为99.5%;愈伤组织再分化的最佳培养基为1/2 DR+2.90 mg/L 2ip+0.01 mg/L NAA+1.75 mg/L KT,分化率为99.7%;适宜生根的培养基为1/4 DR+0.06 mg/L ZT+0.02 mg/L NAA,生根率达99.0%。利用再生植株茎节的快繁结果表明,在28 d的培养周期内,每节段平均增殖达5倍以上。【结论】成功建立了羊踯躅嫩叶愈伤组织诱导、再分化芽苗和植株高效再生体系,可以满足羊踯躅工厂化育苗的需要。     

醋糟生物质炭对尖孢镰刀菌胁迫下番茄系统抗性的影响

为探明生物质炭介导的系统抗性在土传病害防治过程中的作用,以番茄枯萎病为对象,采用盆栽试验,研究尖孢镰刀菌胁迫下生物质炭对番茄体内抗氧化酶活性和非酶类抗氧化分子含量的变化,及对相关抗性基因表达的影响。结果表明:施加生物质炭可显著降低番茄的病害程度。在尖孢镰刀菌胁迫下,番茄叶片光合色素显著降低,丙二醛含量显著增加,生物质炭的施加可显著降低尖孢镰刀菌胁迫造成的光合色素和丙二醛含量变化。施加生物质炭在降低番茄体内过氧化物酶活性的同时,可提高“解毒酶”(包括过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶)的活性。在尖孢镰刀菌胁迫下,番茄体内氧化型谷胱甘肽含量明显升高,生物质炭的施加(3%)在显著降低氧化型谷胱甘肽含量的同时,显著提高了还原型谷胱甘肽含量,表明生物质炭可通过提高抗氧化分子含量来加强番茄体内活性氧的清除效率。此外,在生物质炭的作用下,番茄水杨酸相关基因PR1a、MPK2和NPR1的表达下调,而茉莉酸相关基因DEF1、JAZ1、JAZ3和乙烯相关基因ACO1和ACS的表达上调。结果表明施加生物质炭可增强番茄系统防御尖孢镰刀菌入侵的启动效应和能力。     

草鱼JAK2基因片段序列的克隆及其组织表达分析

通过实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)法从草鱼肝脏中首次克隆获得草鱼JAK2基因的片段序列。该片段序列长671 bp,编码223个氨基酸,氨基酸序列分析表明草鱼JAK2基因片段与其他物种的相似性在70%～91%之间;系统进化树显示,鱼类的JAK2独立聚成一支,草鱼与斑马鱼聚成一支,与鳜鱼和墨绿凹鼻鲀聚成的一支再聚成一支。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,草鱼JAK2基因在肝脏、肌肉、脑、心脏、脾脏和肠系膜脂肪组织中均有表达,其中在肝脏组织中表达量最高,显著高于其他组织(P<0.05),其次是肌肉、脑、脾脏和肠系膜脂肪组织,在心脏组织中表达量最低,且显著低于其他组织(P<0.05)。本研究为进一步研究草鱼JAK2基因的结构和功能奠定了基础。研究亮点:JAK2基因在鱼类上的研究报道甚少。本研究首次克隆了草鱼JAK2基因片段序列;且发现JAK2基因在肝脏组织中表达量最高,心脏组织中表达量最低,为草鱼JAK2基因的结构及其信号转导等生理功能的深入研究奠定了基础。     

NAC对河南华溪蟹卵巢镉氧化损伤的缓解作用

采用慢性镉暴露同时加入不同浓度N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)的方法,以河南华溪蟹卵巢组织镉含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活性,脂质过氧化水平(MDA含量)和卵巢组织细胞结构的变化为指标,探究了NAC对河南华溪蟹(Sinopotamon henanense)卵巢镉氧化损伤的缓解作用。实验设置对照组、镉(0.725 mg·L~(-1))单一作用组、镉(0.725 mg·L~(-1))和NAC(0.1、0.2、0.4 g·L~(-1))联合作用组,结果显示:镉单一作用下,卵巢组织镉含量和MDA含量显著高于对照组;SOD、CAT和GPx活性在不同时间点显著升高;组织显微结构出现不同程度损伤。NAC和镉联合作用下,卵巢组织镉含量在14 d和28 d显著降低;SOD活性于14 d显著降低;CAT、GPx活性和MDA含量均在28 d降低,并逐渐恢复到正常水平;随着时间的延长和NAC浓度的增加,卵巢组织细胞损伤程度出现改善,核膜逐渐完整,仅有少量染色质凝集,细胞内及细胞核内空泡化现象基本消失,卵巢组织结构趋于正常化。实验结果表明,NAC对镉诱导的河南华溪蟹的生殖毒性具有缓解作用,同时进一步证实了氧化损伤是镉生殖毒性的重要机制之一。     

Pb2+对甘肃纹党种子萌发和幼苗生理特性的影响

以甘肃道地中药材纹党(Codonopsis pilosula)为对象，通过室内培养试验，研究不同浓度10^-6、10^-5、10^-4、10^-3 mol/L Pb²⁺处理对纹党种子萌发、幼苗生长以及生理特性的影响，为探究Pb²⁺污染对纹党品质的影响提供依据。结果表明，Pb²⁺对纹党种子吸胀过程中相对吸水量的增加有抑制作用，随着Pb²⁺浓度的提高，党参种子的萌发率、萌发指数、幼苗生长及根尖微核和有丝分裂率变化，表现出先升高后降低的趋势；低浓度的Pb²⁺处理能够促进叶绿素的形成，高浓度则抑制叶绿素形成；可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸和丙二醛含量，随Pb²⁺浓度的升高而增加；Pb²⁺对SOD、POD和CAT活性有较强的抑制作用。可见，生物测定结果大多达到显著差异水平。