堆肥无害化处理死猪概述

我国生猪年出栏量已连续3年超7亿头,每年产生约7 000万具猪尸体。大量死猪若不能及时有效地处理会严重地污染环境,甚至会带来食品安全问题,危害到公共卫生安全。近几年,死亡动物无害化处理问题引起了人们的广泛关注。几种无害化处理方法(深埋法、焚烧法、化制法、化尸窖法、堆肥法和生物发酵法)中,堆肥法和生物降解法的优势越来越明显,使用也越来越广泛。堆肥法作为传统的处理农林固体废物的一种方法在死猪的无害化处理中颇受重视。本文概述了当前研究与应用较多的堆肥法,供有关方面参考。     

生物技术无害化处理病死动物尸体的探讨

"黄浦江死猪"、新型H7N9禽流感突发等事件不断引起社会及公众的广泛关注,由此对于我国的动物防疫及病害畜禽尸体无害化处理工作带来了巨大的压力。文中从分析无害化处理现存主要方式的利弊出发,重点关注应用现代化高温生物降解技术无害化处理病死动物尸体的措施并进行一些新的探讨,给养殖业的健康发展和环境安全提供参考。     

病死畜禽无害化处理的基本现状与对策分析

上海黄浦江死猪漂浮事件后,病死畜禽无害化处理问题已经成为了社会热点,动物性食品安全,公共卫生安全倍受国民关注.病死畜禽的无害化处理是保障畜产品安全的关键环节,如处理不当,势必会造成重大动物疫病和人畜共患病的发生和蔓延,特别是病死动物流入市场,直接威胁人民群众的身体健康。本文就养殖环节病死畜禽无害化处理等相关问题进行了探讨和分析,以便于引起大家共识。     

浙江省病死动物无害化处理现状与对策建议

正2013年3月,上海黄浦江漂浮死猪事件引起了社会的广泛关注,病死猪处理问题一直成为人们关注的热点。做好病死动物无害化处理工作是有效防止动物疫病传播,确保畜牧业健康发展,保障广大群众身体健康和维护公共卫生安全的重要工作。1病死动物无害化处理现状据调查,2012年浙江省生猪和家禽饲养量分别为3272.7万头和36597.3万羽。如果生猪按正常死     

四川省病死动物无害化处理现状及对策

自"上海黄浦江死猪漂浮事件"和"彭州河道死鸭漂浮事件"之后,病死动物的无害化处理问题引起了社会广泛关注。笔者近期对四川省的南充、广安、达州等地病死动物无害化处理情况进行了调查。针对调查中发现的现行无害化处理中方式简单、养殖环节监管难度大等问题,提出了相     

碱化水解法在死畜禽无害化处理中的应用与研究现状

我国每年仅生猪的出栏量就已连续几年超过7亿头,产生7 000万头猪尸体,约合200万t的废弃物,对环境带来巨大的压力。目前,死亡动物无害化处理引起了人们的广泛关注,在诸多的无害化处理方法中,碱化水解法在我国还研究较少,应用更少,仅在高级别安全性实验室领域有所研究和应用,此法具有彻底灭活包括朊病毒在内的病原微生物、不产生有害气体、操作简单、费用低等优点,具有研究和推广价值。笔者综述了碱化水解法的应用与研究进展、存在问题及在我国的发展前景,供有关方面参考。     

崇信县养殖环节病死动物无害化处理现状及对策

近期新闻媒体曝光上海黄浦江松江段及上游水域漂浮死猪事件,病死动物的无害化处理再次成为社会各界关注的热点问题。不按规定处置病死动物,不仅造成动物疫病的传播,影响畜牧业生产,而且严重威胁人民身体健康和公共卫生安全。本文根据崇信县无害化处理现状,分析了存在的问题,并提出了对策,以期更好地执行病死动物的无害化处理。     

病死畜禽无害化处理工作的现状与对策

部分养殖场(户)主对病死畜禽通过掩埋进行无害化处理时,缺乏病死畜禽无害化处理常识。近年来,随着人们对动物卫生安全问题关注程度的日渐增高,动物卫生安全问题已经成为全社会共同关注的焦点。特别是今年黑心鸭、健美猪等事件的发生,严重影响公共卫生安全。造成这种状况的因素有多种,而     

死亡动物无害化处理技术及当前我国死猪处理对策

论文概述了当前我国死猪的主要来源、数量和危害,综述了死猪无害化处理技术特点及国内外应用现状,展望了其发展趋势,建议我国当前进行死猪无害化处理时应优先考虑选择堆肥或发酵法。     

规模化猪场病死猪无害化处理存在的问题与对策

近年来,我国规模化猪场发展迅速,人们对猪源食品安全和公共卫生安全日益重视,病死猪的无害化处理也越来越受到关注。对病死猪无害化处理已是规模化猪场的一项重要工作,笔者查阅大量文献资料并结合自身多年的基层一线畜牧兽医工作经验,对我国目前规模化猪场病死猪无害化处理工作中存在的主要问题进行了总结与探讨,并提出了系列针对性对策与建议。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …