Efficacy of diclazuril against turkey coccidiosis in a floor-pen experiment

Diclazuril, a new anticoccidial drug, was tested for its efficacy in turkeys against mixed Eimeria infections. A floor-pen trial indicated that diclazuril at dosages of 0.5 ppm and 1 ppm in the feed was highly effective against the major pathogenic species E. adenoeides, E. gallopavonis, and E. meleagrimitis in suppressing intestinal and cecal lesions and oocyst shedding. Weight gain and feed conversion improved, particularly at 1 ppm.     

Efficacy of diclazuril in the control of intestinal coccidiosis in rabbits

The anticoccidial efficacy of diclazuril was studied in rabbits artificially infected with Eimeria flavescens, Eimeria intestinalis, Eimeria magna and Eimeria perforans. Continuous administration at 1 and 2 ppm in pelleted feed proved to be highly efficacious in controlling oocyst output and faecal scores. The weight gain was comparable and the feed efficiency slightly improved compared with the non-infected, non-medicated controls, and clinical signs were fully prevented. Medication of rabbits at 0.5 ppm also provided a significant improvement in all parameters compared with the infected, non-medicated controls. In order to obtain 100% effectiveness in the control of intestinal coccidiosis in rabbits, continuous medication at 1 ppm is recommended.     

Efficacy of diclazuril against Eimeria dispersa in turkeys

Diclazuril, a new anticoccidial drug, was tested for its efficacy against Eimeria dispersa in turkeys. A dose-titration study indicated that diclazuril at dosages of 0.5, 1, and 2 ppm in the feed was highly effective in terms of weight gain and suppression of lesions, abnormal droppings, and oocyst shedding.     

Efficacy of diclazuril in the prevention and cure of intestinal and hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits

The efficacy of diclazuril against intestinal and hepatic coccidiosis was studied in artificially infected rabbits. Prophylaxis against intestinal coccidiosis was evaluated using a mixed infection of Eimeria intestinalis, Eimeria magna and Eimeria perforans. Continuous medication in the feed at 1 p.p.m. was 100% effective in reducing oocyst output and faecal scores, and weight gain and feed efficiency were normal. Hepatic coccidiosis induced by Eimeria stiedai was prevented at 0.5 and 1 p.p.m. as shown by negative oocyst counts, normal liver weight, absence of liver lesions, and normal body-weight gain and feed efficiency. Medication at 1 p.p.m. for 7 consecutive days during the prepatent phase of hepatic coccidiosis resulted in large reductions in oocyst counts and lesion scores with a normal liver weight and growth performance. Diclazuril at 1 p.p.m. in the feed prevented both intestinal and hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits and can be advocated for safe mass medication.     

癸氧喹酯预防人工感染肉仔鸡球虫病的药效试验

由于免疫预防还没有完全普及 ,迄今为止 ,控制肉仔鸡球虫病的主要手段仍然是化药防治 ,而耐药性产生又缩短了许多抗球虫药的使用寿命 ,因此引进新的抗球虫药就显得重要。本试验旨在证实癸氧喹酯预混剂的抗球虫药效 ,为引进该药在我国使用提供试验数据。1　材料1 .1　药物　癸氧     

Economic benefits of prophylaxis with diclazuril against subclinical coccidiosis in lambs reared indoors.

One hundred and twenty weaned male lambs, naturally infected with Eimeria species, were used to assess the economic benefits of the prophylactic administration of diclazuril. They were randomly divided into four groups of 30 lambs on the basis of their bodyweight and output of oocysts. The groups were either left untreated (group 1), treated orally with a simple dose of diclazuril at 1 mg/kg (group 2), with two doses two weeks apart (group 3), or with sulphadimethoxine at 50 mg/kg for five consecutive days (group 4). No clinical signs of coccidiosis were observed in any of the groups. The output of oocysts was significantly reduced on day 7 after treatment in group 2, on days 7, 14 and 28 in group 3 and on days 7 and 14 in group 4. No significant differences were found between the treated and untreated groups for bodyweight, carcase weight and carcase classification. The mean fattening period was shorter for the treated lambs (52 and 55 days) than for the untreated controls (60 days). The average growth rate of the lambs treated twice with diclazuril and with sulphadimethoxine was improved and the feed conversion rates of the lambs treated once or twice with diclazuril were 7 per cent and 16 per cent better than that of the untreated lambs.     

5种离子载体类药物对鸭球虫病的疗效试验

我国自林昆华等 1982年报道 [1] 北京鸭暴发球虫病以来 ,相继有广东、广西、福建、江苏、江西、四川等地先后报道鸭球虫病在当地流行的情况。鸭球虫病是鸭的一种急性寄生原虫病 ,发病急 ,死亡率高 ,常给养鸭业带来较大的经济损失。林昆华等 (1982 ) [1] ,卢胜明等 (1985 ) [2 ] ,殷佩云等 (1983) [4] 先后报道磺胺类药物对防治鸭球虫病有显著效果 ,但磺胺类药物不宜长期使用 ,故寻求另类的抗鸭球虫病的药物 ,是待解决的科研课题。蒋金书等 (1990 ) [3 ] 曾做过这方面的尝试。我们应用对鸡球虫病有良好效果的五种离子载体类药物进行实验 ,观…     

Efficacy of toltrazuril against intestinal and hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits

The anticoccidial effect of toltrazuril (Bay Vi 9142) against Eimeria flavescens, E. intestinalis, E. magna, E. perforans and E. stiedai was tested in experimentally-infected rabbits. Continuous administration of 10-15 p.p.m. of the drug in the drinking water was highly effective in reducing oocyst output of all five species and in preventing clinical signs and macroscopic lesions. Sporulation of excreted oocysts was not affected. After 5 weeks of medication, no negative influence was noted on zootechnic performance of growing healthy rabbits. Medication of rabbits with 25 p.p.m. only during schizogony or gamogony (2 days of treatment, repeated after 5 days) quickly reduced clinical signs and oocyst output. When administered during late schizogony or gamogony, toltrazuril allowed development of immunity against reinfection with homologous species.     

生物制剂YJ2对鸡球虫病的防治试验

鸡球虫病是生产中严重危害养禽业的一种重要的寄生虫病 ,长期以来以药物防治为主。但随着球虫耐药性的产生及消费者对禽产品药物残留的关注 ,球虫病的生物防治问题日益引起关注。利用微生态调节剂 (国外称为益生素 ) ,在调整动物肠道正常菌群与宿主之间的微生态平衡、促进动物生长发育、提高饲料报酬、增强动物免疫力以防治腹泻等方面的作用已日益广泛地用于畜牧生产。生物制剂 YJ2内含多种有益微生物 ,被鸡采食后可在肠道内形成优势种群 ,抑制有害微生物的繁衍 ,从而提高机体的抗病能力。为了探讨和研究生物饲料添加剂 JY2对鸡球虫病防治…     

Anticoccidial efficacy of diclazuril against recent field isolates of Eimeria from turkey farms in the United States.

In a series of laboratory tests, diclazuril was evaluated for efficacy against Eimeria adenoeides, E. meleagrimitis, E. gallopavonis, and a mixture of the three species. Four isolates of each of the species were tested. When given at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ppm in the feed, diclazuril was highly efficacious against all three species and against mixtures of the three, as judged by protection against mortality from coccidiosis, reduction in droppings scores, and improvement of weight gains compared with unmedicated controls. When diclazuril was given at 1.0 ppm, the improvement in droppings scores and weight gains was better than when 0.5 ppm of diclazuril was given. Increasing the dosage to 1.5 ppm did not appear to offer any consistent or significant improvement over 1.0 ppm.     

Efficacy of arprinocid against coccidiosis of broilers in battery and floor-pen trials

Medication of broilers with arprinocid [9-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenylmethyl)-9H-purine-6-amine] gave protection against the effects of coccidiosis in both battery and floor-pen trials. In battery trials, efficacy was tested on single-species inoculations of Eimeria acervulina, E. mivati, E. necatrix, E. maxima, E. Brunetti, and E. tenella. Two strains of each species recently recovered from the field, were tested separately. In floor-pen trials, all six species, both field and laboratory strains, were used as a mixed infection. In batteries, 60 and 70 ppm essentially eliminated coccidiosis-induced mortality and weight depression. Effects of 50 ppm on weight gain were variable. The effectiveness of different medication levels varied between strains within a species. In floor-pen trials, 40, 60, or 80 ppm was effective in controlling mortality and weight depression, and increasing feel-conversion ratios. All levels were significantly as effective as monensin in protecting against coccidiosis. With severe exposure to coccidia, 60 and 80 ppm gave significantly lower lesion socres than did 40 ppm of arprinocid or 120 ppm monensin.     

Sulfonamide and toltrazuril therapy of experimental turkey coccidiosis

Following experimental infection of caged turkeys with a mixed oocyst suspension of E. meleagrimitis, E. adenoeides and E. gallopavonis, the efficacy of sulfachlorpyrazine, sulfaquinoxaline + pyrimethamine, sulfaquinoxaline + diaveridine, and toltrazuril was investigated based on clinical and parasitological parameters. Infected turkeys developed severe clinical symptoms. Only weak symptoms were observed in those groups which were treated with the sulfa- and sulfa-DHFR-inhibitors. The toltrazuril-treated group remained free of clinical symptoms. At the 8th day after infection, the clinical lesions coincided with the intensity of the gut lesions together with parasitological findings based on microscopical examination of mucosal smears. The same coincidence was observed for parameters such as oocyst excretion and body weight development.     

鸡球虫苗(LCV-2号)安全性和免疫效果研究

在实验条件下,研究了鸡球虫苗LCV-2号对笼养鸡的安全性和免疫保护效果。试验设空白对照组、攻虫对照组、免疫1组(1个免疫剂量)、免疫2组(2个免疫剂量)和免疫3组(0.5个免疫剂量),共5个试验组,每组10只鸡。试验结果表明:①空白对照组、攻虫对照组和三个免疫组的相对增重率依次为100%、84.0%、96.9%、91.0%和91.0%;②攻虫后第8 d,每组剖检2只鸡,肠道病变记分5个组依次为0、4、1、3和4分。③免疫期间,免疫1、2和3组的每克粪便卵囊数(OPG)平均值依次为4.2×10~3个、9.2×10~3个和5.4×10~3个;攻虫期间,攻虫对照组5.117×10~5个、免疫1、2和3组依次为0.797×10~5个、0.522×10~5个和1.171×10~5个。④攻虫后各组死亡率依次为0、75%、25%、25%和50%。⑤抗球虫指数(ACI),5个组依次为200.0、88.0、166.9、148.5和120.0。总的来看,免疫鸡群对大剂量卵囊攻击有较强的抵抗力,其中免疫1组结果良好,免疫2组和3组结果尚不理想,因此,LCV-2免疫1组的剂量(1头份卵囊/只)为优选剂量。     

Efficacy of maduramicin ammonium against coccidiosis in turkeys under laboratory and floor-pen conditions

Experimental infections with field isolates of Eimeria meleagrimitis, E. adenoeides, E. gallopavonis, and E. dispersa in turkey poults were used to test the efficacy of maduramicin ammonium at 2.5-10 ppm in laboratory experiments. Infection with single or mixed species of coccidia reduced the weight gain of unmedicated infected controls and caused 18.1-65% mortality in two experiments. Maduramicin ammonium given at 5-7 ppm prevented mortality, significantly reduced droppings scores and oocyst passage, and improved weight gain to near that of the unmedicated uninfected controls. Maduramicin ammonium was tested at 4-7 ppm in a floor-pen trial lasting 10 weeks. Mortality from coccidiosis averaged 11.9% in unmedicated controls, compared with 0.6% with 4 ppm of maduramicin or no mortality with 5-7 ppm. Average weight gain and feed conversion at 10 weeks were significantly improved over unmedicated infected controls when maduramicin ammonium was given at 5-7 ppm. These results suggest that maduramicin ammonium is highly efficacious against field isolates of Eimeria in turkeys, especially within the range of 5-7 ppm in the feed.     

Anticoccidial efficacy of drinking water soluble diclazuril on experimental and field coccidiosis in broiler chickens

Prophylactic and curative capacity of water soluble formulation of Diclazuril (Diclosol 1%) and feed additive form (Clinacox, 0.5%) were tested against Eimeria infection in broiler chickens. Such testing was performed both experimentally and in the field. Toltrazuril (Baycox, 2.5%) was used as reference control drug. Water soluble formulation of Diclazuril induced a marked inhibitory effect on the different stages of the parasite life cycle in experimentally infected treated birds especially when applied on the day when blood first appeared in the faeces [fifth day post-infection (d.p.i.)] as well as on the second day of blood dropping (6 d.p.i.). Both tested dosage levels of Diclazuril water soluble formulation in drinking water (5 and 10 ppm) showed the same effect in controlling coccidial infection and reducing the total oocyst numbers, lesion and faecal scores. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the efficacy of water soluble form of Diclazuril and the reference control drug (Toltrazuril, 25 ppm). In addition, testing the water soluble formulation (5 ppm) in naturally infected poultry farm (20,000 birds), showed the same anticoccidial effect observed when using Toltrazuril, as a treatment for coccidiosis. In conclusion, addition of Diclazuril at the dose of 5 ppm in the drinking water of naturally coccidia infected bird induced the same effect as 25 ppm of Toltrazuril as a treatment for coccidiosis in chickens.     

复方磺胺氯吡嗪钠不同组方与剂型对鸡球虫病的疗效

通过动物体内试验,比较复方磺胺氯吡嗪钠的不同组方与剂型对鸡球虫病的疗效。第一次试验设磺胺氯吡嗪钠+三甲氧苄啶(TMP)溶液组(0.02%,5 d)、磺胺氯吡嗪钠+TMP混悬液组(0.02%,5 d)、磺胺氯吡嗪钠+二甲氧苄啶(DVD)混悬液组(0.02%,5 d)、药物对照组(磺胺氯吡嗪钠可溶性粉,0.03%,5 d)、感染不用药组和不感染不用药组。第二次试验设磺胺氯吡嗪钠+TMP混悬液组(0.02%,5 d)、磺胺氯吡嗪钠+DVD混悬液组-1(0.02%,5 d)、磺胺氯吡嗪钠+DVD混悬液组-2(0.02%,3 d)、药物对照组(磺胺氯吡嗪钠可溶性粉,0.03%,3d)、感染不用药组和不感染不用药组。每组30只鸡。以血便记分、存活率、增重及相对增重率、病变记分与病变值、卵囊产量与卵囊值、抗球虫指数(ACI)等指标综合评定抗球虫效果。结果显示:磺胺氯吡嗪钠+TMP混悬液组(0.02%,5 d)和磺胺氯吡嗪钠+DVD混悬液组(0.02%,5 d)的抗球虫指数始终大于或接近180,为抗球虫高效水平;磺胺氯吡嗪钠+TMP溶液组(0.02%,5 d)、磺胺氯吡嗪钠+DVD混悬液组(0.02%,3 d)的抗球虫指数大于160,为抗球虫中效水平。提示:磺胺氯吡嗪钠+TMP混悬液(0.02%,5 d)和磺胺氯吡嗪钠+DVD混悬液(0.02%,5 d)对鸡球虫有较好的疗效。     

鸡球虫核酸疫苗的研究进展

鸡球虫病是一种重要的寄生原虫病,给养禽业带来严重的经济损失,鸡的病死率有时高达40%。传统的强毒苗、弱毒苗预防鸡球虫病因存在安全性差、免疫效果不理想等因素而得不到广泛应用;球虫基因工程疫苗是较为理想的疫苗,但免疫保护效果较差。核酸疫苗是近年发展起来的一种新型疫苗,因其安全、稳定、高效和易于制备而得到广泛研究,被称为第三代疫苗。随着球虫抗原基因的不断发现,鸡球虫核酸疫苗的研究引起人们的广泛关注。本文就近年来鸡球虫核酸疫苗的研究进展作一综述。     

鸡球虫苗(LCV-2号)对笼养及平养鸡的免疫效果

在试验条件下,研究了鸡球虫苗(LCV-2号)对笼养和平养鸡的免疫效果.笼养鸡免疫试验比较了笼养鸡空白对照组、攻虫对照组、免疫不攻虫组、免疫攻虫组试验期间的相时增重率、存活率、平均每克粪便卵囊(OPG)值、攻虫后第8天的肠道病变和综合抗球虫指数.结果表明,免疫不攻虫组、免疫攻虫组攻虫后没有鸡只死亡;免疫不攻虫组相对增重率最高,为97.74%,显著(P<0.05)高于免疫攻虫组和攻虫对照组(89.72%和69.85%);攻虫对照组攻虫期间平均OPG值最高,为1.26×105,而免疫攻虫纽仅为5.813×104;攻虫后第8天肠道平均病变计分,空白对照组0分,攻虫对照组、免疫不攻虫组及免疫攻虫组分别为4、1、2分;4组抗球虫指数(ACI)依次为200、62.18、192.74和178.76.平养鸡免疫试验,比较了平养鸡空白对照组、不免疫不攻虫组和免疫攻虫组(2组在同1个圈)的平均OPG值、相对增重率、攻虫后第8天的肠道病变.结果表明,和免疫攻虫组鸡群一起饲养的不免疫不攻虫组鸡群增重较快,相对增重率为99.39%,而免疫攻虫组鸡群为91.67%,但差异不显著;攻虫后第8天训检肠道平均病变计分,空白对照组0分,不免疫不攻虫组和免疫攻虫组分别为1、3分;攻虫期间免疫攻虫组鸡群平均OPG为6.025×105、不免疫不攻虫组也达3.675×105,免疫期间分别为7.5×104、3.5×104;3组ACI依次为200、193.39和175.76.从总体看,LCV-2安全性高,对笼养鸡和平养鸡都有较强的免疫效果,且对平养鸡的效果优于笼养鸡.