一例鸭疫里默氏杆菌的鉴定及耐药性检测

为了检测海南省文昌市某鸭场病鸭致病原及其耐药情况,试验分别采用分离培养、形态观察、生化检测、PCR鉴定和测序等方法对病鸭致病原进行鉴定,并采用药敏试验检测其耐药情况。结果表明:通过分离培养和形态观察确定该菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌;经生化试验初步鉴定出20株疑似鸭疫里默氏杆菌(Riemerella anatipestifer,RA),经PCR鉴定及测序其中17株为鸭疫里默氏杆菌;鸭疫里默氏杆菌对环丙沙星、阿莫西林、氟苯尼考、利福平、庆大霉素、头孢哌酮、克林霉素、头孢唑肟敏感,对新霉素和磷霉素耐药。     

山东省肉鸭鸭疫里默氏杆菌流行病学调查及耐药性分析

针对目前肉鸭养殖中细菌传染病发病率高、防治困难的现状,分离鸭疫里默氏杆菌,检测其抗药性程度,筛选合适的抗生素适宜剂量。从山东省内12个地区/市、河北省4个地区及河南省4个市区养殖场或养殖小区采集到447份疑似鸭疫里默氏杆菌病病鸭肝脏及脑部组织病料中分离菌株。利用鸭疫里默氏杆菌的omp A基因为目的基因,建立PCR快速检测方法。结果:PCR快速鉴定该菌的方法,共分离到65株鸭疫里默氏杆菌,分离率为13.62%,其抗药性程度均较高。根据CLSI琼脂稀释法药敏试验原理,建立了96点阵接种药敏检测盒,检测分离菌株的MIC,筛选适用于临床的敏感药物和剂量。试验表明:鸭里默氏杆菌抗药性较高,可根据药敏检测结果筛选抗生素,并轮换使用。     

番鸭源鸭疫里默氏杆菌的分离鉴定及其耐药性分析

为了解番鸭源鸭疫里默氏杆菌的耐药性,本研究对疑似鸭疫里默氏杆菌感染的发病番鸭进行细菌分离培养、革兰氏染色镜检、病鸭病原检测、生化试验、16S rRNA序列分析、PCR鉴定、药敏试验和耐药基因检测。细菌分离结果显示,分离菌在鲜血琼脂培养基上长出表面光滑、边缘整齐、有光泽、半透明的奶油状针尖大小菌落;革兰氏染色镜检呈革兰氏阴性短小杆菌,命名为GZQN201907。GZQN201907生化试验中尿素反应阳性,葡萄糖、麦芽糖、乳糖等生化反应呈阴性。其16S rRNA系统进化树与鸭疫里默氏杆菌处于同一分支;并且分离菌鸭疫里默氏杆菌OmpA基因PCR鉴定结果为阳性。其对头孢呋辛、红霉素、头孢他啶等18种抗菌药耐药,对羧苄西林和环丙沙星中度敏感,对新霉素和复方新诺明敏感。而耐药基因能检测出β-内酰胺类耐药基因VIM、TEM,四环素类耐药基因tetB,大环内酯类耐药基因ermB和ermF。药敏试验与耐药基因检测结果说明,GZQN201907对β-内酰胺类、四环素类、大环内酯类3类药物的耐药表型和耐药基因检测结果一致。动物回归试验中接种GZQN201907的雏鸭在72 h内全部死亡,而对照组雏鸭未出现任何症状,说明GZQN201907对雏鸭有致病力。试验成功分离到1株番鸭源鸭疫里默氏杆菌,为鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的防治奠定基础。     

幼鹅感染鸭疫里默氏杆菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

本试验采取铁力市地区某鹅场鸭疫里默氏杆菌疑似病料进行细菌分离,并对分离细菌进行生化鉴定、PCR鉴定、动物试验和药敏试验。结果表明:分离的2株细菌均为鸭疫里默氏杆菌,分离菌株对头孢氨苄、头孢噻肟、氟苯尼考高敏,对氨苄西林、庆大霉素、链霉素中敏,对环丙沙星、磺胺嘧啶、利福平不敏感。说明头孢氨苄、头孢噻肟可作为此养鹅场防治病的首选药物,其他药物需减少或停止使用。     

广东地区鸭疫里默氏杆菌的分离鉴定及双重PCR检测方法的建立

对来自广东地区疑似鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的病鸭组织进行了病原菌的分离培养和生化鉴定,确定得到20株鸭疫里默氏杆菌,动物回归试验结果表明,分离的鸭疫里默氏杆菌具有很强的致病性.对这20株鸭疫里默氏杆菌进行的药敏试验表明,分离株已广泛产生耐药性.参照已经发表的2对引物以细菌全菌体为模板建立双重PCR方法,结果均能扩增出2条目的片段,经测序证实为鸭疫里默氏杆菌,而对鸭源大肠杆菌、鸭源禽多杀性巴氏杆菌、鸭源沙门菌和鸭源葡萄球菌的扩增结果均为阴性.说明建立的双重PCR方法能快速、准确的检测出鸭疫里默氏杆菌,并具有高度特异性,可用于鸭疫里默氏杆菌的快速鉴定和快速诊断.     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌病病原分离鉴定与血清抗体检测

湖北某鸭场10日龄雏鸭发生疑似鸭疫里默氏杆菌病,观察其临床具有神经症状,剖检具有心包炎、肝周炎和气囊炎等典型病变。无菌采集发病鸭脑组织进行细菌分离,并取血清进行抗体检测。分离菌经过菌落形态、染色形态、PCR以及血清学鉴定为Ⅰ型鸭疫里默氏杆菌,血清OmpA-ELISA抗体反应呈阳性。15种抗生素的药敏试验结果显示分离菌对萘啶酸等喹诺酮类药物耐药,对头孢曲松等头孢类药物高度敏感,结果为鸭疫里默氏杆菌病防控提供依据。     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌的分离与鉴定

从送检病死鹅及鸭中分离得到一种细菌,经分离培养、细菌染色、镜检、生化试验及16S RNA基因测序分析,证明该菌为鸭疫里默氏杆菌。经药敏试验发现5株分离菌株对氟苯尼考、氯霉素、美洛西林、头孢曲松、左氧氟沙星均敏感,而对氧氟沙星、妥布霉素表现耐药。     

浙、闽、粤地区鸭疫里默氏杆菌分离鉴定与药敏实验

对浙、闽、粤三个地区疑似感染鸭疫里默氏杆菌的患病家禽进行细菌分离鉴定,通过16s RNA PCR技术分离获得90株鸭疫里默氏杆菌。对分离菌株进行K-B纸片法药敏实验检测菌株耐药性。结果表明:该菌对头孢类药物、氟苯尼考较为敏感,对氨基糖苷类药物普遍产生了耐药性。     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究

从通辽地区养鸭场病死鸭的脑、肝、脾脏组织和心脏血中分离到4株细菌,经对分离菌进行染色、形态观察及生化鉴定,其中3株鉴定为Ⅰ型鸭疫里默氏杆菌,1株为Ⅱ型鸭疫里默氏杆菌。经动物回归试验,表明该菌对雏鸭有较强的致病力。对4株鸭疫里默氏杆菌进行了12种常用抗菌药物药敏试验,结果4株鸭疫里默氏杆菌分离株对头孢曲松、头孢唑啉、复方新诺明高度敏感,对强力霉素、新霉素、红霉素中度敏感,对庆大霉素、卡那霉素、四环素、环丙沙星、氨苄青霉素、丁胺卡那等均不同程度地产生耐药性。     

一株鸭疫里默氏杆菌的分离鉴定及药敏实验

为了有效防治鸭疫里默氏杆菌病,本研究对送检的疑似病料进行鸭疫里默氏杆菌(Riemerella anatidis,RA) PCR检测,将阳性病料进行细菌分离培养,通过革兰染色、生化实验及PCR验证进行鉴定,并对该分离株进行药敏实验.结果 显示,脑、脾、肝病料RA阳性,分离株鉴定为RA,命名为YCSY1,该分离株对环丙沙星...     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …