白羊草种群繁殖的数量特征

于抽穗-开花期测定分析白羊草(Bothrioch loaischaemum)株丛的繁殖数量特征。结果表明:丛茎枝数、丛地上生物量和丛生殖枝数分别随丛径呈指数函数增加,丛生殖枝重随丛径呈幂函数增加,丛地上生物量与丛茎枝数,以及丛生殖枝重与丛生殖枝数之间均呈线性增加,生殖枝数和营养枝数比值随株丛高度和丛径均呈二次曲线变化。     

高寒地区燕麦人工草地生物量积累对施肥和箭筈豌豆混播水平的响应

采用品种(青燕1号、青海444、青海甜燕麦、林纳)、施肥水平(不施肥、尿素+磷酸二铵、尿素+磷酸二铵+有机肥、有机肥)和混播水平(0 kg/hm~2、45 kg/hm~2、60 kg/hm~2、75 kg/hm~2)3因素4水平正交试验设计,探讨3个因素影响下燕麦人工草地生物量季节动态。结果表明:3个因素显著影响燕麦与箭筈豌豆混播人工草地各器官的生物量。品种在整个生育期影响燕麦茎和穗生物量的积累,并对燕麦生长前期地下和生长后期地上生物量的积累有影响;施肥水平在整个生育期影响叶生物量的积累,并对燕麦生长前期地上和后期地下生物量的积累有影响;混播水平在整个生育期主要影响箭筈豌豆地上生物量、茎和叶生物量的积累。燕麦和地上总生物量积累的关键时期在抽穗—开花期,箭筈豌豆地上生物量积累的关键时期在开花—乳熟期。燕麦茎在整个生育期生物量持续显著增加,而叶和穗生物量增加较平缓;箭筈豌豆茎和叶生物量在生长前期(燕麦开花期前)增长比较平缓,而开花—乳熟期增长迅速。地下生物量显著增加到开花期后基本趋于稳定。3个因素影响下,燕麦人工草地地上和地下生物量均以青海甜燕麦、尿素+磷酸二铵+有机肥施肥处理、75 kg/hm~2混播水平下最高,平均分别为697.71,662.27、630.54 g/m~2和82.27,82.08和81.25 g/m~2。     

当归植株对重金属的富集特征研究

为了解当归不同部位对重金属的富集特性,采用大田种植方式分析了当归全株不同部位的重金属含量。结果表明:当归种植地土壤中重金属含量较低,未形成污染;当归全株中重金属含量从高到低依次为CuZnCrPbMoHgAsSe;Cu含量高于其它金属,其中叶吸收量为2777.09μg·kg~(-1),根含量为1138.89μg·kg~(-1);在地上部分枯黄前收获时全株生物量达到6284.23kg/hm~2,吸收的Cu为14.18g/hm~2。当归对Cu、Zn、Mo、Hg和Pb的富集系数和转运系数都大于1,其中Cu的富集系数和转运系数分别为56.43和2.44,远高于其它重金属。当归全株对重金属Cu具有较强的富集作用。     

添加氮肥对高寒草甸群落生物量的影响

以高寒嵩草(Kobresia)草甸为研究对象,分析了施用硝酸铵对高寒草甸群落生物量、植物养分及土壤养分的影响。结果表明,在施肥量为300 kg/hm~2时,群落植被鲜重和干重为710.40 g/m~2和329.07 g/m~2,均显著高于其他处理。在施肥量为150 kg/hm~2时,高寒草甸植物全氮达到最大值,为0.068 g/kg,此时土壤全氮、土壤全磷和土壤全钾都为最大值。     

种植牧草和增施生物质炭对松嫩平原退化盐碱草地土壤养分的影响

为了研究生物质炭对退化盐碱草地土壤养分的影响,试验在松嫩平原退化盐碱草地连续两年(2019年和2020年)施用不同水平的秸秆生物质炭,采用随机区组设计,共设6个处理,即空白对照(CK),未种植鹅头稗+未施加生物质炭;M0,种植鹅头稗+未施加生物质炭;M30,种植鹅头稗+施加生物质炭30 t/hm²;M60,种植鹅头稗+施加生物质炭60 t/hm²;M90,种植鹅头稗+施加生物质炭90 t/hm²;M120,种植鹅头稗+施加生物质炭120 t/hm²。2019年9月份和2020年9月份采集土壤样品,测定其pH值、有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾含量,同时测定牧草的株高和鲜重。结果表明：与CK平均值相比,连续两年施用生物质炭可显著降低土壤pH值(P<0.05),在2020年,M120处理pH值的平均值虽降低,但没达到显著水平(P>0.05);与M0处理和CK相比,M30、M60、M90、M120处理可以显著提高土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾含量(P<0.05);M90处理鹅头稗牧草株高及鲜重达到...     

不同施磷浓度对柱花草和黑籽雀稗根系分布的影响

采用根箱法,结合Winrhizo2004a根系扫描测定系统,以豆科牧草柱花草和禾本科牧草黑籽雀稗为试验材料,研究不同施磷水平对柱花草和黑籽雀稗根系分布的影响。结果表明,2种牧草根系分布随土壤深度的增加而减少, 柱花草集中分布于0～10 cm土层, 黑籽雀稗集中分布于0～20 cm土层;磷对2种牧草根系生长的影响存在较大的差异。低磷(P1,0.48 g P₂O₅/kg土)更适合柱花草根系和地上部分的生长,高磷(P3,1.92 g P₂O₅/kg土)水平对根系生长有抑制。黑籽雀稗对磷的需求量大,随着磷施入量的增加,根干重、总根长、根表面积、体积和根系平均直径均有所提高。     

不同添加剂对谷稗青贮品质的影响

为探讨不同添加剂对谷稗青贮的影响,以结实期谷稗为原料,分别设置对照、添加甲酸(6 mL/kg)或蔗糖(2%)处理,袋装密封青贮60 d后取样分析。结果表明:青贮饲料的pH、乙酸和氨态氮含量极显著降低(P<0.01),乳酸含量显著增加(P<0.05)。水溶性碳水化合物含量和干物质保存率因添加甲酸而显著升高(P<0.05)。添加蔗糖能够极显著提高乳酸含量(P<0.01),显著降低乙酸含量(P<0.05),极显著降低氨态氮含量(P<0.01)。添加剂处理对谷稗青贮饲料其他常规养分的影响不明显,青贮之后硝酸盐含量显著降低。说明添加甲酸或蔗糖都能显著改善谷稗青贮饲料的发酵品质。     

盐碱地上种什么草好

谷稗(又叫稗谷、碱稗、朝牧一号稗子)为禾本科一年生大型草本植物，株高达2．3米，分蘖最多20个以上，亩(667平方米)产鲜草5吨以上，干草1．5吨左右，籽实产量每亩可达400千克。草和籽实分别比谷子增产100％和60％，适口性好，各类畜禽均喜食。在100多份试验材料中是最耐盐碱的，也是产量最高的。试验和种植实践表明，在0．3％的盐渍度下正常出苗，其耐盐极限值为0．75％，分蘖后在0．6％盐渍度下能正常开花结实。     

不同株高的柠条生物量分配格局及其估测模型构建

采用整株挖掘法测量小株（0< h≤ 50cm）、中株（50< h≤ 100cm）、大株（h>100cm）3个株高的柠条（Caragana korshinskii）地上与地下器官生物量,分析其地上与地下生物量分配格局,并利用易测指标对其地上、地下和全株生物量构建估测模型,旨在揭示不同株高柠条的生物量空间结构特征。结果表明：柠条地上各器官生物量所占比例为老龄枝 >叶 >新生枝,随着株丛高度的增加,老龄枝生物量所占比例呈升高趋势,而叶和新生枝生物量呈现降低趋势;柠条地下生物量随着土壤层次增加而呈降低趋势,3个株高柠条的地下生物量主要集中在0~30cm,其中0~5cm所占比例最高,且同一层不同株高的柠条地下生物量所占比例不同;柠条地上、地下生物量呈幂函数生长关系,地上生物量所占比例高于地下生物量,随株高增大老龄枝所占比例呈升高趋势,而叶、新生枝和地下生物量所占比例呈降低趋势。利用冠幅直径、高和冠幅体积构建的柠条地上、地下及全株生物量的模型较好,小珠和中株建立的估测模型为二次函数,大株建立的估测模型为幂函数,所筛选出来的3个株高最优生物量模型总相对误差（RS）范围为-3.9~-18.08,平均相对误差绝对值（RMA）范围为10.12~18.67,满足要求。     

高剂量~(60)Co-γ射线辐照对谷稗种子活力及早期幼苗生长的影响

为了探讨辐射对谷稗(Echinochloa crusgalli)种子萌发和芽苗生长的影响,以‘朝牧1号’谷稗种子为试验材料,采用不同剂量的~(60) Co-γ射线辐照谷稗种子,剂量分别为0,200,250,300,350,400,450Gy,测定种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数,芽苗的根长、芽长、鲜重、干重和根系活力。结果表明:~(60) Co-γ射线辐射处理后,种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数均随辐射剂量的增加呈先增加后降低的变化趋势。除200Gy辐射剂量处理后的鲜重比对照略有增加外,其他辐射剂量处理后芽苗的根长、芽长、鲜重、干重均低于对照组,根系活力随辐射剂量增加呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势,250Gy辐射剂量根系活力最强,根据谷稗种子在不同辐射剂量下的成苗率,确定~(60) Co-γ射线辐照半致死剂量为84.33Gy。本研究结果可为谷稗辐射育种和促进谷稗育种进程提供依据。     

电感耦合等离子-质谱法测定饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅

应用电感耦合等离子-质谱技术(ICP-MS),建立饲料中钠、镁、铬、锰、铁、铜、锌、砷、硒、镉和铅等元素的测定方法。对饲料样品的前处理方法、仪器工作参数和11种元素标准曲线进行优化;并以加标回收、分析方法比对和重复测试说明方法的准确性和精密性。方法在0～1 000 ng/ml范围内线性良好,仪器检出限为0.557 7～5.072 ng/ml,具有良好的精密度,其回收率在88.1%～104.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于5.0%。同时与原子吸收和原子荧光方法进行比对,测定结果相近。所建立的方法简单、快速,可替代原子吸收和原子荧光方法测定饲料中的11种金属元素,为饲料的质量控制提供理想的元素分析方法。     

Supplementation of broodmares with copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cobalt, iodine, and selenium

In experiment 1, 6 pregnant mares received a concentrate that contained a trace mineral premix that provided 14.3 mg Cu, 40 mg Zn, 28 mg Fe, 28 mg Mn, 0.08 mg Co, 0.16 mg I, and 0.16 mg Se/kg concentrate (group A). Seven mares received the same concentrate plus 502 mg Zn and 127 mg Cu once daily (group B). No differences (P > .05) in foal growth data, or Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum were observed. In experiment 2, 6 pregnant mares received the same concentrate as group A (group C), and 8 mares received the same concentrate fortified with 4× the trace mineral premix (group D). Group C mares had higher serum Zn concentration at 1 day (P < 0.01) and 56 days (P < 0.04). Group C mares had higher milk Fe concentration at 28 days (P < .01), and group D mares had higher milk Cu concentration at 56 days (P < .01). Group C foals had higher serum Cu concentration at 14 days (P < .03). The results from this study provide no evidence to indicate that supplementing late gestating and lactating mares with higher dietary trace mineral levels than those recommended currently by NRC has any influence on foal growth and development, or on the Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations of the mare milk, mare serum, or foal serum.     

Comparisons of Angus, Charolais, Galloway, Hereford, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, Salers, and Shorthorn breeds for weight, weight adjusted for condition score, height, and condition score of cows

Breed differences for weight (CW), height (CH), and condition score (CS) were estimated from records (n = 12,188) of 2- to 6-yr-old cows (n = 744) from Cycle IV of the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center's Germplasm Evaluation (GPE) Program. Cows were produced from mating Angus and Hereford dams to Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Shorthorn, Galloway, Longhorn, Nellore, Piedmontese, and Salers sires. Samples of Angus and Hereford sires were 1) reference sires born from 1962 through 1970 and 2) 1980s sires born in 1980 through 1987. The mixed model included cow age, season of measurement and their interactions, year of birth, pregnancy-lactation code (PL), and breedgroup as fixed effects for CW and CS. Analyses of weight adjusted for condition score included CS as a linear covariate. The model for CH excluded PL. Random effects were additive genetic and permanent environmental effects associated with the cow. Differences among breed groups were significant (P < 0.05) for all traits and were maintained through maturity with few interchanges in ranking. The order of F1 cows for weight was as follows: Charolais (506 to 635 kg for different ages), Shorthorn and Salers, reciprocal Hereford-Angus (HA) with 1980s sires, Nellore, HA with reference sires, Galloway, Piedmontese, and Longhorn (412 to 525 kg for different ages). Order for height was as follows: Nellore (136 to 140 cm), Charolais, Shorthorn, Salers, HA with 1980s sires, Piedmontese, Longhorn, Galloway and HA with reference sires (126 to 128 cm). Hereford and Angus cows with reference sires were generally lighter than those with 1980s sires. In general, breed differences for height followed those for weight except that F1 Nellore cows were tallest, which may in part be due to Bos taurus-Bos indicus heterosis for size.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量的不确定度评估

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量,对标准溶液、体积、质谱峰面积、浓缩过程及回收率等测定不确定度因素进行了分析,通过评定各不确定度分量及标准不确定度,得出11种β-受体激动剂的扩展不确定度在0.7 ～ 1.1 ng/mL范围内.由各因素对合成不确定度的贡献比分析可知,影响较大的因素为试验回收率及标准溶液浓度.     

Granulocyte isolation from whole blood of goat, sheep, cattle, horse, dog, pig, and man

A simple two step procedure for the isolation of caprine, ovine, bovine, equine, canine, porcine and human peripheral blood granulocytes is described. After enrichment of granulocytes by centrifugation, contaminating erythrocytes are lysed hypotonically. Recovery, purity, and viability of the granulocyte suspensions are determined. FACScan analysis of the cell suspensions measuring cellular size by forward and sideward light scatter is compared with the corresponding analysis of whole blood leukocytes. Constituencies of the isolated cell suspensions and loss of granulocyte subpopulations through isolation procedure is discussed with regard to granulocyte function assays.