一例牛病毒性腹泻病毒与大肠杆菌混合感染的实验室诊断

为查明贵阳市某养牛场犊牛发病死亡的病因,采集2头病死犊牛的病料进行细菌分离培养鉴定、药敏试验,以及牛支原体、病毒性腹泻病毒核酸检测.结果:分离细菌为革兰氏阴性短杆菌,16S rDNA测序分析鉴定为大肠杆菌,药敏试验显示其对硫酸安普霉素、硫酸粘菌素高度敏感;牛病毒性腹泻病毒核酸检测为阳性,牛支原体核酸检测为阴性.结论:诊...     

鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒、鸡毒支原体、鸭源鸡杆菌混合感染病例的病原学诊断

为确诊贵州省六盘水市某养殖场蛋鸡群发病死亡的原因,采集病料进行新城疫病毒、鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒、鸡毒支原体、滑液囊支原体核酸检测,以及细菌分离培养、鉴定和药敏试验。结果:(1)鸡传染性喉气管炎PCR试验扩增出大小为537 bp目的基因条带,鸡毒支原体PCR试验扩增出大小为636 bp目的基因条带,呈阳性;其余病毒核酸检测均呈阴性。(2)分离菌在血液琼脂培养基上生长呈白色半透明状、可溶血的小菌落,经革兰氏染色镜检为革兰氏阴性杆菌,分子生物学鉴定为鸭源鸡杆菌;对硫酸安普霉素、氟本尼考、延胡索酸泰妙菌素高度敏感,对硫酸粘菌素、盐酸多西环素、替米考星中度敏感,对酒石酸泰乐菌素低度敏感,对盐酸大观霉素、盐酸林可霉素、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、阿莫西林耐药。结论:确诊病例为鸡毒支原体、鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒、鸭源鸡杆菌混合感染。     

贵州省某绿壳蛋鸡养殖场常见疫病感染情况监测分析

为了探明2017年贵州省某绿壳蛋鸡养殖场主要疫病的感染情况,试验从发病鸡场采集11只发病鸡组织器官和30份临床健康鸡血清样品,应用ELISA方法对30份临床健康鸡血清样品进行禽白血病病毒(ALV)、禽呼肠孤病毒(ARV)、禽脑脊髓炎病毒(AEV)和禽败血支原体(MG)抗体检测,应用RT-PCR方法检测鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)、新城疫病毒(NDV)、禽流感病毒(AIV)和禽白血病病毒(ALV),应用PCR方法检测安卡拉病毒(FAV-4)、马立克氏病病毒(MDV)和MG,并对发病鸡肝脏组织样品进行细菌分离培养,用16S RNA引物对分离菌进行PCR扩增,对扩增产物进行测序及比对,最后通过药敏纸片法对分离菌进行药敏试验。结果表明:在发病鸡场中,ALV、ARV、AEV和MG的抗体阳性检出率分别为40.00%(12/30)、83.33%(25/30)、80.00%(24/30)和53.33%(16/30);ALV和MDV的病原核酸检出率都较高,分别为100%(11/11)和81.82%(9/11),而IBV、NDV、AIV、FAV-4和MG均未能检出病原核酸;从发病鸡肝脏组织中均分离得到1株革兰氏阴性杆菌,经序列比对证实该分离菌为沙门氏杆菌;分离菌对硫酸新霉素和硫酸安普霉素极度敏感,对磷酸替米考星、林可霉素、延胡索酸泰妙菌素和硫酸黏杆菌素高度敏感,对盐酸多西环素中度敏感,对磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠和酒石酸泰乐菌素低度敏感,对酶法阿莫西林不敏感。     

一例猪流行性腹泻病毒与葡萄球菌混合感染的病原学诊断

为查明贵州省毕节市某猪场仔猪持续腹泻、消瘦死亡的原因,对送检的2头典型发病仔猪进行临床症状和病理剖检观察,采集病料进行细菌分离培养、生化试验、PCR检测和药物敏感性试验,以及猪流行性腹泻病毒、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪轮状病毒RT-PCR核酸检测。结果:仔猪临床症状为精神萎靡,食欲减退,水样腹泻,呕吐,消瘦直至死亡;剖检可见腹股沟淋巴结出血,肠道充气肿胀;细菌分离鉴定为葡萄球菌,该分离菌对盐酸多西环素、硫酸安普霉素、泰乐菌素高度敏感,对磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠、头孢拉定、替米考星、硫酸粘杆菌素耐药;猪流行性腹泻病毒核酸检测为阳性,猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪轮状病毒核酸检测为阴性。结论:该猪场的发病仔猪存在猪流行性腹泻病毒与葡萄球菌混合感染。建议使用高敏药物对葡萄球菌感染进行治疗,同时加强猪流行性腹泻疫苗的免疫。     

山东省某肉鸡场大肠杆菌病的诊断与防治

采用临床观察、细菌分离培养、镜检、生化试验等方法,对山东省安丘市某肉鸡养殖场疑似大肠杆菌病疫情进行诊断。诊断结果显示,肉鸡大肠杆菌病临床症状明显,细菌分离和生化试验结果同大肠杆菌特征一致。药敏试验结果显示,该肉鸡源大肠杆菌菌株对头孢噻呋钠、头孢喹肟等药物敏感,对新霉素、硫酸粘菌素等中度敏感,对氟苯尼考、恩诺沙星、多西环素等高度耐药。将药敏试验筛选出的敏感药物头孢噻呋钠用于鸡群临床治疗,效果显著。     

放养鸡感染传染性法氏囊病病毒继发细菌感染而致关节炎的诊断

2017年12月,桂林某养殖公司放养的广西龙胜凤鸡连续多批次出现单侧或者双侧跛行、站立不稳、食欲减退、羽毛蓬乱等症状,共造成鸡群20%的发病率和1%~2%的死亡率。剖检发现病变主要发生在鸡跗关节以下,从跗关节沿肌腱向下剪开,可见淡黄色清亮液体流出,法氏囊萎缩。无菌取鸡的病变关节处液体及其组织分别进行细菌和支原体的分离培养,并用其法氏囊组织研磨液进行传染性法氏囊病病毒的RT-PCR检测。结果分离到大肠杆菌和葡萄球菌,支原体分离检测呈阴性,传染性法氏囊病病毒检测呈阳性。根据鸡群发病情况、临床症状、剖检病变和实验室病原检测结果确诊该鸡群为传染性法氏囊病病毒感染后引起机体免疫抑制而继发的细菌性关节炎。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、圆环病毒2型、奇异变形杆菌混合感染病例的病原学诊断

为确诊贵州省都匀市某养殖场的猪死亡病因,采集病死猪病料进行猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪瘟病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒、猪圆环病毒2型核酸检测,细菌分离鉴定及药物敏感试验。结果:猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测和猪圆环病毒2型PCR检测核酸均为阳性,其余病毒核酸检测均为阴性。细菌分离培养表明存在细菌感染,分子生物学鉴定为奇异变形杆菌;分离菌对硫酸安普霉素、硫酸粘菌素、盐酸大观霉素+盐酸林可霉素、氟苯尼考较敏感,对多种药物产生耐药。结论:确诊病例为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪圆环病毒2型、奇异变形杆菌混合感染。     

贵阳某牛场呼吸道疾病的诊断及药敏试验

为了解贵阳某牛场犊牛呼吸道疾病的发病机理及发病原因,本研究使用RT-PCR/PCR技术与细菌分离鉴定方法,对该牛场病死牛的肺脏及鼻腔分泌物进行病原分析研究,并对分离株进行药敏试验。结果显示,该牛场发生牛呼吸道疾病是由于牛支原体、病毒性腹泻病毒混合感染引起。药敏试验结果显示,支原体分离株对左氧氟沙星、泰妙菌素、泰乐菌素、土霉素、环丙沙星、卡那霉素等敏感;对青霉素类、硫酸链霉素、红霉素、庆大霉素不敏感。     

2008年山东省胶东地区鸡场疑似大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

试验对2008年春季山东省胶东地区疑似大肠杆菌病例进行病原分离鉴定及耐药性检测,共分离到大肠杆菌40株,鉴定出血清型35株,以O78、O5 、O24、O111四个血清型为主,约占定型菌株的80%.其中O78血清型占定型菌株的43% ,为优势血清型.细菌的耐药性检测结果显示,分离菌株呈现出不同程度的耐药性,对阿米卡星的高敏株为78%,头孢噻肟钠为70%,大观霉素、庆大霉素、硫酸安普霉素、硫酸粘菌素敏感菌株为60%～64%,乳酸环丙沙星、氟苯尼考,敏感菌株比例为50%～55%;硫酸新霉素、诺氟沙星、达氟沙星、盐酸沙拉沙星、恩诺沙星、盐酸多西环素的高敏菌株比例低于43%;林可霉素、金霉素、泰妙菌素、泰乐菌素、氨苄西林、阿莫西林对所分离的菌株几乎无抑制作用.结果表明,山东省胶东地区鸡致病性大肠杆菌血清型复杂,耐药性广泛.     

牛支原体体外药物敏感性分析

为了解牛支原体的体外药物敏感性,指导临床合理使用抗生素,对2008年以来收集的34株牛支原体临床分离株进行了药物敏感性测定,选取11类22种可能敏感的药物,采用微量稀释法测定药物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果显示,牛支原体分离株只对5种药物呈现不同程度的敏感性,其中:94.12%(32/34)的菌株对达氟沙星敏感;70.59%(24/34)的菌株对林可霉素敏感;50.00%(17/34)的菌株对阿奇霉素敏感;20%左右的菌株对多西环素和甲砜霉素敏感;所有分离株对其他7种药物全部耐药。因此,建议目前临床上进行牛支原病治疗首选药物为达氟沙星、林可霉素和阿奇霉素。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …