猪γ-干扰素在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达及其抗病毒作用

为了获得高效分泌表达重组猪γ-干扰素(rPoIFNγ),将去除信号肽的编码梅山猪γ-干扰素成熟蛋白基因(mPoIFNγ)插入酵母-大肠杆菌穿梭载体pPIC 9K中,构建成分泌型重组表达载体pPIC 9K-mPoIFNγ.将线性化的pPIC 9K-mPoIFNγ以化学方法(LiCl)转化入毕赤酵母菌株GS115(组氨酸缺陷型),转化子经MD平板筛选和PCR分析鉴定后,以G418(4 g/L)筛选到多拷贝菌株.SDS-PAGE和Western-blot检测结果表明,所获得的重组子能够分泌表达出17 000和23 000左右的mPoIFNγ特异蛋白,其表达量约为120 mg/L,占分泌型总蛋白的65%;细胞病变抑制法(CPE50)测定干扰素生物活性,结果表明rPolIFNγ具有较高的抗病毒生物活性,在MDBK中的抗VSV比活性为1.67×106 U/mg.     

猪α-干扰素在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达及其生物活性测定

利用基因工程技术,将编码梅山猪α-干扰素成熟蛋白基因(mPoIFNα,501 bp)亚克隆到含分泌信号肽序列的毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K中,构建成分泌型重组表达载体pPIC9K-mPoIFNα。用化学方法(LiCl)将线性化的mPoIFNα与ssDNA共转化入毕赤酵母菌株GS115,转化子经MD平板筛选和PCR鉴定后,得到的阳性菌株再以高浓度的G418筛选多拷贝重组子。该高拷贝菌株经1%甲醇连续诱导4 d,表达产物经SDS-PAGE和Western-blot检测,结果表明在毕赤酵母中猪α-干扰素获得分泌型表达,表达产物约为20 000,在GS115中的表达量约为40mg/L,占GS115表达的可分泌型总蛋白的40.1%。对表达产物进行理化分析发现,重组酵母菌表达的蛋白耐酸(pH2),对热(56℃)部分敏感,并能被特异性抗猪α-干扰素抗体中和而不与抗猪γ-干扰素抗体反应。细胞病变抑制法(CPE50)测定干扰素生物活性,试验结果表明rPolIFNα具有较高的抗病毒生物活性,在MDBK中的抗VSV比活性为8.0×106U/mg。     

猪IL-2基因真核表达载体的构建及在酵母中的表达

用真核表达引物从pGEM-IL-2重组质粒中扩增出猪IL-2基因，将目的基因和真核表达载体pPIC9K连接转入E．coli的JM109中，得到了猪pPIC9K-IL-2重组表达质粒。通过电激法将经SalⅠ酶切线性化的pPIC9K-IL-2质粒转化到巴斯德毕赤酵母GS115感受态细胞中，利用甲醇诱导表达，经SDS-PAGE电泳分析，表明在摇床水平及发酵罐中均表达出约17ku大小的分泌性目的蛋白，采用Sephadex G-100分子筛层析对其表达产物进行纯化，纯化结果理想。     

突变型猪表皮生长因子在毕赤酵母中的表达

使用α因子做为信号肽的酵母系统分泌表达猪表皮生长因子(pEGF)时,由于对信号肽末端Glu-Ala氨基酸残基切除不完全,表达产物是Glu-Ala-pEGF和pEGF的混合物.本研究为了获得单一表达的pEGF产物,对pEGF基因进行适当的突变修改,构建缺失Glu-Ala重复基因序列的重组载体.把重组载体pPIC9-pEGF1-48电转化毕赤酵母,用同位素标记随机引物斑点杂交法筛选多拷贝整合转化子,并诱导大量表达.用硫酸铵沉淀及超滤的方法浓缩和纯化蛋白,并用Bradford检测方法对蛋白浓度进行了初步测定.结果表明,构建的重组载体经过BglⅡ线性化后稳定转入毕赤酵母中,转化子表型主要为MutS型;选的多拷贝MutS型转化子经诱导后成功表达约6 000的pEGF1-48蛋白,经检测蛋白表达水平约为34 mg/L.     

牛乳溶菌酶在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达及活性分析

为真核表达牛乳溶菌酶,本研究在通过酵母偏爱密码子改造并人工合成LYZ1基因的基础上,将LYZ1基因经克隆构建了高效表达具有生物活性牛乳溶菌酶的分泌型表达载体pPICZα-A-LYZ1,将其经SacⅠ酶切线性化后电转化毕赤酵母菌株GS115中,通过Zeocin筛选和PCR鉴定后的阳性重组菌用甲醇诱导60h后,进行SDS-PAGE和western blot鉴定,用溶壁微球菌对其进行活性检测,并对其进行体外抑菌效果检测分析。结果表明:分泌表达的重组目的蛋白约16ku,而且抗血清具有良好的反应原性。活性检测表明,培养液中重组溶菌酶活性达到2842u/mL。体外抑菌试验结果表明,重组牛乳溶菌酶对标准葡萄球菌及大肠杆菌菌株具有较好的抗菌作用,而对无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌、乳房链球菌作用较弱。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒ORF7基因的克隆及其在毕赤酵母中表达

用RT-PCR扩增猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)重庆分离株C14-2的ORF7基因(384 bp),构建克隆质粒pMD19-T-ORF7,经EcoR Ⅰ /Not Ⅰ双酶切回收ORF7基因插入酵母表达载体pPIC9K,构建了重组表达质粒pPIC9K-ORF7,进行PCR鉴定和双酶切鉴定.鉴定的pPIC9K-ORF7经Sac Ⅰ线性化后电转化毕赤酵母宿主菌GS115,筛选获得阳性重组菌GS115(pPIC9K-ORF7),再经G-418/YPD筛选获得高拷贝重组菌,重组子经表型鉴定为Mut.重组菌GS115(pPIC9K-ORF7)经甲醇诱导表达,在96 h表达的N蛋白量最大,N蛋白经SDS-PAGE鉴定大小约为15 000;Western blot表明N蛋白能与美洲型PRRSV阳性血清发生特异性反应,具有良好的反应活性.本研究为开展PRRSV ORF7基因在毕赤酵母中表达及应用奠定基础.     

Differentiation of porcine dendritic cells by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expressed in Pichia pastoris

Dendritic cells (DC) are potent inducers of acquired immunity due to their ability to present antigens in the context of a costimulatory environment and consequently serve an essential role in vaccine efficacy. Strategies to enhance their function, such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-4 treatment to induce DC differentiation from peripheral blood monocytes, may therefore be useful as vaccine adjuvants. We now have evaluated the effect of recombinant GM-CSF on the differentiation of DC in swine. GM-CSF mRNA was readily detected in porcine splenocytes, with increased levels following treatment of the cells with ConA and LPS. Porcine GM-CSF was cloned and expressed in the methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris, as a glycosylated protein that induced proliferation of porcine bone marrow cells. P. pastoris-derived GM-CSF induced expression of antigen presenting (MHC class II) and costimulatory (CD80-CD86) molecules and enhanced antigen presenting cell (APC) function consistent with the induction of functional DC. Thus, recombinant GM-CSF produced by P. pastoris may be a potent adjuvant for swine vaccines.     

牛脂联素基因的克隆及在毕赤酵母中的表达

应用RT-PCR方法扩增牛脂联素(Bovine adiponectin,BovADPN)基因,连接到载体pMD18-T中;测序并利用BLAST工具对比证明该基因序列正确,经EcoR Ⅰ和Not Ⅰ双酶切,回收目的基因片段,并将其定向克隆到pPICZαA载体中,构建重组质粒pPICZαA-BovADPN.用Sac Ⅰ酶切使其线性化,以化学方法(LiCl)转化入感受态毕赤酵母细胞GS115;重组子经高质量浓度Zeocin(1 000 mg/L)筛选、MDH/MMH平板筛选、PCR鉴定后,用1%甲醇诱导表达,SDS-PAGE及Western-blot分析.结果表明,所获得的酵母重组子能够分泌表达出相对分子质量为40 000的重组蛋白.     

牛α干扰素在毕赤酵母中的高效分泌表达及活性鉴定

为高效分泌表达牛α干扰素(boIFN-α),本研究通过人工合成boIFN-α基因,将目的基因克隆至表达载体pPIC9K中,构建重组质粒pPIC9K-boIFN-α,将其电转化于毕赤酵母菌株GS115,利用抗药选择压力G418筛选重组菌,对重组菌诱导表达,取上清进行SDS-PAGE和western blot检测,并优化重组菌的诱导表达条件.结果显示:筛选获得高效分泌表达boIFN-α的重组菌,其最佳诱导条件为:250 r/min,26℃培养,1％甲醇浓度诱导,诱导72 h.上清中目的蛋白表达量最高可达200 μg/mL,本研究为boIFN-α在生产中的应用奠定了基础.     

Production of biologically active, heterodimeric porcine interleukin-12 using a monocistronic baculoviral expression system

A baculoviral expression system for the production of biologically active, heterodimeric interleukin (IL)-12 was developed by utilizing foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) self-cleaving peptide, 2A. Recombinant porcine IL-12 (rpoIL-12) was produced by insect cells after infection with recombinant baculoviruses expressing the gene encoding a fusion protein of p35 and p40 subunits of IL-12 connected with 2A. By reducing and non-reducing SDS-PAGE analyses, it was demonstrated that rpoIL-12 had a heterodimeric structure which was resulted from 2A-dependent cleavage of the precursor fusion protein. In contrast, uncleaved, monomeric rpoIL-12 was produced by infection with baculoviruses expressing the gene lacking the 2A sequence. To assess the biological activities of these recombinants, we performed the proliferation assays of PHA-activated human PBMCs. The heterodimeric rpoIL-12 induced proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the uncleaved rpoIL-12 did not. Moreover, such biological activity was specifically inhibited by addition of anti-IL-12 antibodies or rpoIL-12 p40. These observations suggest that FMDV 2A can exert its self-cleaving activity even in a heterologous system, and that biologically active, heterodimeric rpoIL-12 can be generated by monocistronic expression of the p35/p40 fusion gene in combination with the 2A sequence.     

猪血凝性脑脊髓炎病毒S1蛋白基因在毕赤酵母中的表达

应用特异性引物从猪血凝性脑脊髓炎病毒（HEV）中扩增出S1蛋白基因,PCR产物纯化后克隆入pGEM-T载体中,得到重组质粒pTS1。用Ec0R I和Not I双酶切pTS1,回收目的基因S1片段将其定向克隆到pPICZαA中,构建重组质粒pPICZαASI。用BstX I酶切pPICZαAS1使其线性化,并电转至感受态毕赤酵母细胞GS115。PCR法鉴定阳性重组子,用1％甲醇诱导表达后,进行SDS-PAGE及Western blot分析。结果显示,在酵母菌培养基上清中检测到相对分子质量为73000的重组蛋白,且该重组蛋白可与HEV多克隆抗体发生特异性血清学反应,表明HEV的S1蛋白片段在毕赤酵母中获得成功表达。     

毕赤酵母表达外源基因存在的问题与对策

本文简述了毕赤氏酵母作为外源蛋白表达系统所具有的优越性,以及常规的试验流程,论述了该系统在表达外源蛋白时存在的缺陷并针对这些缺陷提出了相应的对策。     

Secretion of biologically active porcine interleukin-2 by Lactococcus lactis

In this study, secretion of two functional recombinant porcine interleukin-2 (rIL-2) proteins by Lactococcus lactis was studied. Two secretion cassettes were constructed in which the secretion was achieved by gene fusion between the lactococcal usp45 secretion signal, a synthetic propeptide and the sequence encoding the mature IL-2. In addition, one of the two secretion cassettes contained the H-domains of L. lactis PrtP. Both of the constructed recombinant IL-2 proteins were found to be secreted in the same quantities, approximately 0.5mg/l. According to a cell proliferative assay using CTLL-2 cell line the specific biological activities of both purified rIL-2 proteins were found to be of similar levels.     

微小牛蜱Bm86基因的真核表达

采用RT-PCR技术从微小牛蜱饥饿幼蜱破解物中扩增到Bm86基因，将其与巴斯德毕赤酵母分泌型表达载体pPlC9K重组构建了重组表达载体pPIC9K-Bm86，测序正确后将其用SacⅠ内切酶线性化后采用电穿孔法转化巴斯德毕赤酵母菌Gs115，经G418抗性筛选高拷贝重组菌株后用甲醇诱导表达，SDSPAGE和Western-blotting分析结果表明，诱导表达的培养上清液中表达出具有反应活性的68ku重组Bm86蛋白，目的蛋白约占培养上清液中蛋白总量的32％以上，诱导96h目的蛋白的表达量为0．36mg／mL。     

Expression of biologically active recombinant porcine interleukin-12 from Escherichia coli

The control of viral infections is of critical importance to livestock industries worldwide and is highlighted by costly infection outbreaks, such as that seen with foot and mouth disease virus. To ameliorate the impact of increasing problems with viral infections, new vaccine and anti-viral strategies are required and a greater understanding of the anti-viral response is essential. Furthermore, in pigs, evidence is still being gathered on the components of a defined anti-viral immune response. However, this has been greatly improved by the recent cloning and expression of critical cytokines involved in the anti-viral response. To assess the use of recombinant porcine interleukin-12 (rPoIL-12) as an immunotherapeutic and immunomodulator of swine, we have cloned and expressed rPoIL-12 as a single-chain fusion protein from Esherichia coli (E. coli). The fusion encodes the p40 and p35 subunits, linked by a glycine-serine linker and expressed as a C-terminal 6xHis tagged protein. rPoIL-12 stimulated the proliferation of human lymphoblasts and its activity on porcine cells was demonstrated by the ability of rPoIL-12 to increase the mRNA expression of porcine interleukin-18 receptor-alpha (poIL-18Ralpha) from porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PoPMBCs). This data supports the inclusion of E. coli produced rPoIL-12 in immunomodulation strategies in the pig.     

犬细小病毒结构蛋白VP2基因的克隆和在毕赤酵母中表达

表达犬细小病毒VP2蛋白（CPV—VP2）,用于重组蛋白免疫小鼠制备单克隆抗体,并为犬细小病毒病的诊断奠定基础。采用PCR方法对CPVVP2基因进行扩增,将CPVVP2基因克隆到毕赤酵母分泌表达载体pPICZAA中,构建真核重组表达载体pPICZAA-VP2,将该重组质粒线性化后,转化巴斯德毕赤酵母（Pichiapastoris）X-33中,甲醇诱导表达CPVVP2,SDs_PAGE和Westernblotting鉴定表达蛋白。结果,成功扩增了CPV—VP2基因,构建了真核重组表达载体pPICZAA—VP2,在毕赤酵母菌中表达出约68000蛋白。Western—blotting鉴定表明,表达蛋白为目的蛋白VP2。表达菌株扩大表达体系于培养基中培养,上清液用70％过硫酸铵4℃沉淀浓缩,采用His选择镍-亲和层析柱分离纯化获得重组的酵母表达的带组氨酸标签的VP2蛋白,表达量约3mg／L。结果表明,在毕赤酵母中成功地表达了CPV—VP2蛋白,且能被犬细小病毒VP2单克隆抗体特异识别。     

土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫磷酸丙糖异构酶基因的克隆及在毕赤酵母中的表达

利用RT-PCR技术从土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（Orientobilharzia turkestanicum）成虫总RNA中扩增磷酸丙糖异构酶基因（TPI），鉴定后将目的片段与毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9k连接，构建重组表达质粒pPIC9k-TPI，并将其电击转化到毕赤酵母GS115中，重组菌株经甲醇诱导后表达的TPI蛋白，经SDS-PAGE、Western-blotting检测，并利用葡聚糖凝胶层析柱纯化。结果显示，成功地克隆了土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫TPI；重组毕赤酵母表达了分子质量为43ku的TPI蛋白；葡聚糖凝胶层析过滤得到单一的TPI蛋白。     

中国林蛙抗菌肽基因在毕赤酵母中的表达及其活性检测

将中国林蛙皮肤抗菌肽基因(RC)克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K上,使之准确融合于а交配因子分泌信号,然后通过电击转化毕赤酵母宿主菌GS115/His-,构建pPIC9K/RC。将筛选出的高效表达的重组转化子用甲醇作诱导剂进行小瓶发酵,28～30℃诱导后,经Tricine SDS-PAGE检测,表达产物在а信号因子引导下分泌到培养基中。分泌到培养基中的表达产物能够抑杀细菌和抑制肿瘤细胞生长。对酵母重组子用酵母染色体DNA的通用引物和目的片段的引物进行PCR扩增。结果表明,中国林蛙皮肤抗菌肽基因能以单拷贝整合到毕赤酵母染色体基因组中并形成转录产物。     

猪白细胞介素2基因的克隆和酵母表达

以伴刀豆球蛋白A（ConA）诱导的猪外周血淋巴细胞中提取的总RNA为模板,采用RT-PCR技术扩增出约500 bp的DNA片段,对阳性克隆进行测序与分析。结果：所克隆的基因与GenBank上公布的猪白细胞介素2（PoIL-2）基因的同源性为100%,表明试验成功获得了PoIL-2基因的全序列克隆;以该重组质粒为模板进行PCR,扩增出PoIL-2成熟蛋白的基因片段,连接真核表达载体pPICZαA,成功地构建了重组PoIL-2成熟蛋白基因的真核表达载体pPICZαA-PoIL-2;电转化pPICZαA-PoIL-2于巴斯德毕赤酵母X-33,诱导表达后进行表达产物的SDS-PAGE鉴定,结果表明试验成功地建立了重组PoIL-2的酵母表达系统。