加味丹参饮预处理调节ODC活性抗大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤研究

目的 探讨加味丹参饮通过调节鸟氨酸脱羧酶（ODC）活性在抗SD大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤（IRI）中的保护机制。方法 建立SD大鼠心肌IRI模型,设对照组、假手术组、缺血再灌注损伤（IRI）组、加味丹参饮（JWDSY）+IRI组共4组。酶联免疫（ELISA）法测定ODC含量,实时荧光定量PCR（RT-PCR）方法检测ODC mRNA表达水平,免疫印迹（Western blot）法检测ODC蛋白表达水平,高效液相色谱检测心肌组织中多胺的含量。结果 与对照组比较,假手术组的ODC含量、ODC mRNA及蛋白表达水平均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;与假手术组比较,IRI组的ODC含量显著增加、ODC mRNA及蛋白表达水平显著升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;与IRI组比较,JWDSY+IRI组ODC含量显著减少,ODC mRNA和蛋白表达水平显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 加味丹参饮可能通过调节ODC活性,从而发挥对IRI后心肌的保护作用。     

Binding of GAP to activated PDGF receptors

The ras proto-oncogene products appear to relay intracellular signals via the Ras guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activator protein, GAP. In dog epithelial cells expressing human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors, binding of PDGF caused approximately one-tenth of the total GAP molecules to complex with the receptor. Studies with mutant PDGF receptors showed that maximum association required both receptor kinase activity and phosphorylatable tyrosine residues at both the identified sites of receptor autophosphorylation.     

Turnover of ribosomal RNA in rat liver

After a single injection of radioactive orotic acid and a "chase" of nonradioactive precursor, the specific activity of ribosomal RNA in rat liver decreases logarithmically at a rate corresponding to a half-life of about S days. The possible significance of this result is discussed with regard to control of protein synthesis.     

Effect of antibodies to recombinant and synthetic peptides on P. falciparum sporozoites in vitro

Antibodies were raised in mice immunized with several recombinant and synthetic peptides of the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum. The antibodies were evaluated for protective activity in a human hepatocyte culture system. They exerted their protective effect against the parasite at three points: sporozoite attachment to the hepatocyte surface, entry, and subsequent intracellular development. Inhibition of attachment and entry were found to be related to the antibody titer against the authentic circumsporozoite protein on the sporozoite surface, especially when peptides were administered with alum or complete Freund's adjuvant. Even when invasion was not totally inhibited, the presence of abnormal trophozoites and a frequent inhibition of schizont development in long-term cultures suggested continued activity of antibodies at the intracellular level after sporozoite penetration had been completed.     

Bt棉功能叶氮代谢对Bt蛋白表达及氮肥调节的响应

为评价外源Bt基因插入以及氮肥对Bt棉功能叶Bt蛋白表达及氮代谢的影响,对Bt棉功能叶Bt蛋白含量,硝酸还原酶、谷丙转氨酶和蛋白酶活性,可溶性蛋白质和全氮含量等指标进行了测定。结果表明:Bt棉功能叶Bt蛋白含量在蕾期最高,此后,随生育进程呈显著下降。与常规棉相比,Bt棉功能叶硝酸还原酶活性提高,在前中期谷丙转氨酶活性显著提高且有利于可溶性蛋白质的合成,前期全氮含量显著增加,对蛋白酶活性没有明显影响。Bt棉功能叶Bt蛋白含量与硝酸还原酶活性、可溶性蛋白质和全氮含量呈显著正相关,表明Bt棉前期增强的氮代谢促进了Bt蛋白的表达。施氮肥明显提高Bt棉中后期功能叶硝酸还原酶活性、可溶性蛋白质含量和Bt蛋白的表达。基施和初花期各50%的效应显著大于全部基施,而在基施氮肥基础上,初花期增施50%的氮肥效应最明显。与常规棉比较,施氮肥更有利于Bt棉中后期功能叶硝酸还原酶活性、可溶性蛋白质含量提高。     

Proteome half-life dynamics in living human cells

Cells remove proteins by two processes: degradation and dilution due to cell growth. The balance between these basic processes is poorly understood. We addressed this by developing an accurate and noninvasive method for measuring protein half-lives, called "bleach-chase," that is applicable to fluorescently tagged proteins. Assaying 100 proteins in living human cancer cells showed half-lives that ranged between 45 minutes and 22.5 hours. A variety of stresses that stop cell division showed the same general effect: Long-lived proteins became longer-lived, whereas short-lived proteins remained largely unaffected. This effect is due to the relative strengths of degradation and dilution and suggests a mechanism for differential killing of rapidly growing cells by growth-arresting drugs. This approach opens a way to understand proteome half-life dynamics in living cells.     

Oscillatory dynamics of Cdc42 GTPase in the control of polarized growth

Cells promote polarized growth by activation of Rho-family protein Cdc42 at the cell membrane. We combined experiments and modeling to study bipolar growth initiation in fission yeast. Concentrations of a fluorescent marker for active Cdc42, Cdc42 protein, Cdc42-activator Scd1, and scaffold protein Scd2 exhibited anticorrelated fluctuations and oscillations with a 5-minute average period at polarized cell tips. These dynamics indicate competition for active Cdc42 or its regulators and the presence of positive and delayed negative feedbacks. Cdc42 oscillations and spatial distribution were sensitive to the amounts of Cdc42-activator Gef1 and to the activity of Cdc42-dependent kinase Pak1, a negative regulator. Feedbacks regulating Cdc42 oscillations and spatial self-organization appear to provide a flexible mechanism for fission yeast cells to explore polarization states and to control their morphology.     

Conversion of a PI-anchored protein to an integral membrane protein by a single amino acid mutation

Qa-2, a cell-surface glycoprotein anchored by phosphatidylinositol (PI), is structurally related to the class I transplantation antigens H-2 K, D, and L, which are integral membrane glycoproteins. The predicted transmembrane segment of Qa-2 differs from those of H-2 K, D, and L by the presence of an aspartate in place of a valine at position 295. A single base change that replaced this aspartate with valine resulted in cell-surface Qa-2 molecules that were insensitive to hydrolysis by a PI-specific phospholipase C and more resistant to papain cleavage, properties shared by H-2D. Cells expressing Asp----Val mutant Qa-2 proteins were still able to attach a PI anchor to endogenous proteins such as Thy-1 and J11D. It therefore appears that this single amino acid change converts Qa-2 from a PI-linked form into an integral membrane protein.     

鸟氨酸脱羧酶结构、功能及表达调控研究进展

多胺对细胞生长、存活以及增殖具有重要的调控作用,体内多胺水平变化与疾病和衰老的关系密切。鸟氨酸脱羧酶(Ornithine decarboxylase,ODC)是多胺生物合成途径中的第一个限速酶,能催化细胞内鸟氨酸脱羧转化成腐胺。因此,ODC可通过对细胞内多胺水平的调节来参与调控细胞增殖过程。近年来,对ODC功能的研究取得了一定的进展,特别是在ODC调控多胺水平、细胞增殖、癌症以及ODC表达调控等方面研究较多。文章对ODC结构、功能及其表达调控的研究进行了评述,并对今后ODC的深入研究进行了展望。     

Polarization of chemoattractant receptor signaling during neutrophil chemotaxis

Morphologic polarity is necessary for chemotaxis of mammalian cells. As a probe of intracellular signals responsible for this asymmetry, the pleckstrin homology domain of the AKT protein kinase (or protein kinase B), tagged with the green fluorescent protein (PHAKT-GFP), was expressed in neutrophils. Upon exposure of cells to chemoattractant, PHAKT-GFP is recruited selectively to membrane at the cell's leading edge, indicating an internal signaling gradient that is much steeper than that of the chemoattractant. Translocation of PHAKT-GFP is inhibited by toxin-B from Clostridium difficile, indicating that it requires activity of one or more Rho guanosine triphosphatases.     

多胺代谢相关基因在小鼠子宫内膜细胞中的调节

利用鸟氨酸脱羧酶(ODC)siRNA干涉、ODC过表达、添加特异性ODC抑制剂二氟甲基鸟氨酸(DFMO)处理小鼠子宫内膜上皮细胞和基质细胞,采用实时定量PCR对多胺代谢相关酶类mRNA水平进行检测。结果显示:在子宫内膜上皮和基质细胞中,ODC siRNA转染后可导致SSAT mRNA水平下降为对照组的71.78%和54.36%(P<0.01),SAMDC mRNA水平上升为对照组的1.666 6倍和3.036 6倍(P<0.01);ODC过表达造成SSAT水平为对照组的1.921 4和2.852 7倍(P<0.01),AZⅠmRNA水平为对照组的1.962 1和3.073 8倍(P<0.01);利用DFMO处理体外分离的上皮细胞和基质细胞,SSAT mRNA水平为对照组的1.626 7和1.773 3倍(P<0.01),SAMDC mRNA水平为对照组的1.630 0和1.730 0倍(P<0.01),AZⅠmRNA水平为对照组的71.00%和76.67%(P<0.01);DFMO处理后上皮细胞和基质细胞数目(31.00±3.00和43.67±7.51)和活力(0.26±0.03和0.36±0.05)都显著下...     

Antiproliferative activity of a hybrid protein between interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-beta

A hybrid protein between interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-beta was made by ligating the respective genes and expressing the fused genes under the control of the trp promoter in Escherichia coli. The antiproliferative activity of the hybrid protein in vitro was greatly increased compared with either interferon-gamma or tumor necrosis factor-beta alone, and both antiviral activity and cytotoxic effect were retained in the hybrid protein. The hybrid protein may have potential clinical application.     

兔出血症病毒衣壳蛋白VP60在杆状病毒表达系统中的表达及细胞内定位

为了探讨兔出血症病毒(RHDV)衣壳蛋白的细胞内定位,利用杆状病毒表达系统构建了表达RHDV结构蛋白(VP60)的重组杆状病毒。间接免疫荧光(IFA)和Western blot检测以及电子显微镜观察结果表明,VP60不仅能在昆虫细胞中正确表达,而且能自组装形成病毒样颗粒(VLPs)。进一步对表达蛋白进行细胞内定位观察发现,表达蛋白定位于Sf9细胞的细胞膜上。     

Estimation of the half-life of a secretory protein message

Synthesis of a specific secretory protein was followed in the presence of actinomycin D and cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine). The apparent half-life of the messenger RNA for this protein is significantly longer in the presence of actinomycin D than in the presence of cordycepin. These results suggest that actinomycin D studies of half-life in specialized cells may be inaccurate.     

Fusion of cells by flipped SNAREs

The SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) hypothesis suggests that pairs of proteins known as vesicle (v-) SNAREs and target membrane (t-) SNAREs interact specifically to control and mediate intracellular membrane fusion events. Here, cells expressing the interacting domains of v- and t-SNAREs on the cell surface were found to fuse spontaneously, demonstrating that SNAREs are sufficient to fuse biological membranes.     

牛蒡子苷对小鼠原代骨骼肌细胞磷酸二酯酶活性及细胞生长的影响

 【目的】以茶碱为参照,观察中药成分牛蒡子苷对原代骨骼肌细胞磷酸二酯酶（Phosphodiesterase,PDE）活性及蛋白质合成的影响,探讨中药通过抑制PDE促进肌肉生长的作用及机理。【方法】分离1～3日龄ICR小鼠四肢肌肉用于骨骼肌原代细胞培养,在培养至第5～6天时向培养基中添加不同浓度的牛蒡子苷和茶碱,以不含牛蒡子苷和茶碱的培养基为阴性对照,继续培养24 h,采用HPLC、ELISA以及考马斯亮蓝法分别测定骨骼肌细胞cAMP PDE的活性、细胞内cAMP水平以及细胞总蛋白质合成。【结果】牛蒡子苷终浓度达到2.5 μg•ml-1、茶碱终浓度为20 μg•ml-1时均能极显著抑制原代培养骨骼肌细胞cAMP PDE的活性(P＜0.01）,显著提高细胞内cAMP水平（P＜0.05）,极显著促进肌细胞总蛋白质的合成（P＜0.01）。【结论】中药成分牛蒡子苷具有通过调节骨骼肌细胞内PDE的活性和cAMP水平,增加肌细胞蛋白质合成,促进骨骼肌细胞生长的作用。结果提示对PDE有抑制作用的中药有望成为促进动物生长的新型饲料添加剂。     

Interferon binding: the first step in establishment of antiviral activity

Chick cells incubated at 1 degrees C with interferon fail to develop antiviral activity, but this activity appears subsequent to a 7-hour incubation at 37 degrees C after removal of interferon by repeated washings. Treatment with actinomycin D blocks the development of the latter activity. Cells incubated with interferon at 1 degrees C for up to 1 hour and then washed and incubated for 2 hours at 37 degrees C develop a degree of antiviral activity proportional to the concentration of interferon at initial incubation; at any concentration, the antiviral activity increased with the duration of initial incubation at 1 degrees C, but a maximal response was reached at 10 or 20 minutes. Treatment with trypsin after incubation with interferon at 1 degrees C inhibited development of antiviral activity. Interferon is rapidly bound to a superficial cell site, and this binding is necessary for development of antiviral activity in chick cells.     

Cost-benefit tradeoffs in engineered lac operons

Cells must balance the cost and benefit of protein expression to optimize organismal fitness. The lac operon of the bacterium Escherichia coli has been a model for quantifying the physiological impact of costly protein production and for elucidating the resulting regulatory mechanisms. We report quantitative fitness measurements in 27 redesigned operons that suggested that protein production is not the primary origin of fitness costs. Instead, we discovered that the lac permease activity, which relates linearly to cost, is the major physiological burden to the cell. These findings explain control points in the lac operon that minimize the cost of lac permease activity, not protein expression. Characterizing similar relationships in other systems will be important to map the impact of cost/benefit tradeoffs on cell physiology and regulation.     

Renin and angiotensin: the complete system within the neuroblastoma x glioma cell

Cells of the homogeneous hybrid line neuroblastoma x glioma (NG108-15) have many neuronal properties. Immunocytochemical tests show that they contain both immunoreactive renin and angiotensin; direct radioimmunoassays show that they are positive for renin, angiotensin I, and angiotensin II; enzymatic assays show that they contain angiotensinogen and converting enzyme as well. The renin appears to be present in an enzymatically inactive form that can be activated by trypsin and then blocked by antiserum to purified mouse submaxillary renin. Renin concentration and activity are increased by enhancing cellular differentiation with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate or by serum withdrawal. These findings demonstrate a complete renin-angiotensin system within these neuron-like cells, and suggest that activation of intracellular renin could generate angiotensin II.