浙东白鹅初生体重、体尺和免疫器官的测定

浙东白鹅是我国著名的中型肉鹅地方良种,其早期生长速度快、肉质鲜嫩、抗病力强,为充分挖掘浙东白鹅的遗传潜力,对其进行产业化开发,我们进行了浙东白鹅种质测定试验。1材料和方法1.1试验材料试验鹅来自象山县种鹅场的浙东白鹅选育种群的种苗鹅。1.2试验方法浙东白鹅种苗鹅出壳     

致雏鹅痛风新型鹅星状病毒的分离鉴定和致病性试验

为了解黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市某鹅场雏鹅发病原因,本试验对鹅场疑似感染鹅星状病毒(GoAstV)的雏鹅进行剖检,采集具有典型痛风症状病死鹅的肝脏、脾脏和肾脏,进行病原分离、PCR扩增、基因序列分析和动物回归试验。结果显示,将分离得到的病原接种鹅胚后,72～168 h死亡率约为90%;剖检死亡鹅胚可见尿囊膜水肿并有尿酸盐沉积、胚体严重充血水肿呈潮红色。基因序列比对结果显示,分离毒株与近年来报道的引起禽类痛风的新型GoAstV毒株HNSQ-6、HNKF-1、HNNY0620和XT1的核苷酸同源性较高,达99.58%～99.72%。动物回归试验结果显示,攻毒后雏鹅的临床症状与自然感染雏鹅的发病症状一致;攻毒后雏鹅死亡率约70%,未死亡鹅的生长受到严重抑制;剖检死亡雏鹅可见心脏、肝脏和肾脏表面出现明显的尿酸盐沉着,部分死亡雏鹅关节腔内有尿酸盐沉积。结果表明,从黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市某鹅场病死雏鹅中分离的致病原为GoAstV。     

育肥鹅感染鸭瘟的诊治

2005年10月初,湛江市坡头区专门从事收鹅育肥的某鹅场,一栋鹅栏的600多羽育肥鹅,突发以拉绿色粪便、头部肿大为特征的传染性疾病,经临床检查及部检观察、人工感染试验确诊为鹅感染鸭瘟。初诊后立即用鸭瘟弱毒疫苗进行紧急免疫,4d后疫情得到控制,现报道如下:1发病情况该场批量从     

肉鹅大肠杆菌病的病原分离与鉴定

本试验旨在研究肉鹅大肠杆菌的生化特性、药敏情况、血清型和致病性。2010年12月江苏省某肉鹅场鹅群出现呼吸困难,死亡增多现象,对病死鹅剖检发现以气囊炎和肺部坏死为主,无菌采集病料分离到一株细菌,经分离培养、染色镜检、生化特性鉴定,确定为大肠杆菌,微量凝集试验表明其血清型为O₂。经过肺结节压片镜检,没有发现霉菌的菌丝;检测健康鹅和患病鹅各10只的鹅新城疫抗体,发现其抗体滴度比较高且整齐度较好,两者之间的抗体无明显差异。对分离菌株进行药敏试验,结果表明对氟苯尼考等7种药物敏感,对先锋Ⅴ等16种药物已产生了耐药性。将分离到的菌株接种21日龄雏鹅进行动物回归试验,引起80%死亡率,说明该分离菌株对雏鹅具有较强的致病性。     

母鹅大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

母鹅大肠杆菌病俗称“蛋子瘟”，是产蛋母鹅的一种常见传染病。本病引起母鹅死亡，产蛋率下降和病原垂直传播，给养鹅业带来较大的经济损失。为了有效地控制本病的流行，我们从发病鹅场采集病料作病原分离鉴定及药敏试验，现将试验结果报告如下。１诊断和药敏材料１．１病料来源采自４个种鹅场发病母鹅新鲜病料（输卵管、卵巢等）。１．２培养基普通肉汤、普通琼脂、血斜面等培养基按常规方法配制：麦康凯、伊红美兰培养基为上海市医学化验所试剂厂生产；三糖铁培养基为上海生物制品研究所生产。１．３生化试剂购自杭州天和微生物试剂有限公…     

1株鹅细小病毒的分离鉴定

2004年3月以来，辽宁省部分地区雏鹅，出现下痢、口吐黏液、采食量减少等症状，个别鹅出现转脖、抽搐的情况。发病后的前4天曾经用过庆大霉素治疗，但没有效果。发病鹅表现为下痢、采食量减少，没有出现神经症状。肠浆膜呈橘黄色，小肠中后段膨大增粗，肠壁变薄，没有凝固性栓子。肝脏肿大，胆囊明显膨大，心肌颜色变淡，肾脏肿胀。为查明原因，笔者对发病的雏鹅进行病毒的分离与鉴定工作，通过电镜观察、琼脂扩散试验、病毒中和试验、抗血清保护试验，证实获得1株鹅细小病毒。经鹅胚接种、雏鹅攻毒试验，证实所分离的病毒具有较强的致病性。     

利用不同源红细胞检测鹅禽流感抗体效价的报告

从某一已免疫禽流感的种鹅场采取30份血样，分别以健康鸡红细胞悬液和健康皖西白鹅红细胞悬液为指示剂，对30份血样进行禽流感血凝和血凝抑制试验。结果：用鸡红细胞悬液作指示剂进行血凝试验，测出抗原4HAU为1：32；用鹅红细胞悬液作指示剂进行血凝试验，测出抗原4HAU为1：8以1：32倍数稀释抗原，分别用鸡红细胞和鹅红细胞悬液作指示剂进行血凝抑制试验，测出30份鹅血清禽流感H5免疫抗体效价的平均值分别为2^5.8和2^3.9；以1：8倍数稀释抗原，用鹅红细胞悬液作指示剂进行血凝抑制试验，测出30份鹅血清禽流感免疫抗体的平均效价为2^5.1。     

种鹅卵黄性腹膜炎的防治试验

近年来,种鹅反季节繁殖技术得到推广和应用,产生了可观的经济效益,使种鹅养殖的规模和数量越来越大。部分养殖户忽视对种鹅的保健,是清远地区种鹅发生卵黄性腹膜炎机率增大的原因之一。为了探索各种药物对种鹅卵黄性腹膜炎的治疗效果,笔者从2012年2—9月份,在广东清远源记种鹅场进行治疗试验。     

郎德鹅大肠杆菌病的诊断与防治

鹅大肠杆菌病(Goose disease,GED)是由鹅致病性大肠埃希氏菌所引起的细菌性传染病。2012年2月底,重庆市万州区某郎德鹅场有4 300多只鹅发生了以精神沉郁、拉稀、呈急性发病死亡为特征的病例。对该病例进行了病原分离与鉴定,并对分离株进行了药敏试验。结果表明,该分离株在菌落形态、染色特性及生化特性上与大肠埃希氏菌相符,故将该分离株鉴定为鹅大肠埃希氏菌。对氟苯尼考、头孢噻肟、庆大霉素等26种抗菌药物的药敏试验结果表明,该分离株对甲氧苄啶、青霉素、利福平等9种抗菌药物耐药。     

鹅活体脱毛后快速催羽的试验

鹅活体药物脱毛后立即采用药物快速催羽、缩短长毛期,增加产毛量的研究,在国内尚未见系统报道,为此,1988年7月至1989年10月,我们在850农场某专业户鹅场进行了鹅群活体药物脱毛后立即采用药物快速催羽的试验,并取得了预期效果。现将试验结果总结如下:     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein