Deterministic coupling of single quantum dots to single nanocavity modes

We demonstrate a deterministic approach to the implementation of solid-state cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) systems based on a precise spatial and spectral overlap between a single self-assembled quantum dot and a photonic crystal membrane nanocavity. By fine-tuning nanocavity modes with a high quality factor into resonance with any given quantum dot exciton, we observed clear signatures of cavity QED (such as the Purcell effect) in all fabricated structures. This approach removes the major hindrances that had limited the application of solid-state cavity QED and enables the realization of experiments previously proposed in the context of quantum information processing.     

Probing the chiroptical response of a single molecule

Chirally sensitive measurement techniques have generally been restricted to bulk samples. Here, we report the observation of fluorescence-detected circular dichroism (FDCD) from single (bridgedtriarylamine) helicene molecules by using an excitation wavelength (457 nanometers) in the vicinity of an electronic transition that shows circular dichroism in bulk samples. The distributions of dissymmetry (g) parameters by analysis of signals from pure M- and P-type diastereomers are almost perfect mirror images of one another, each spanning a range of both positive and negative values. In addition, we observe a well-defined structure in the histogram of dissymmetry parameters suggestive of specific molecular orientations at the polymer interface. These single-molecule results highlight strong intrinsic circular dichroism responses that can be obscured by cancellation effects in ensemble measurements of a randomly oriented bulk sample.     

Controlled atomic doping of a single C60 molecule

We report a method for controllably attaching an arbitrary number of charge dopant atoms directly to a single, isolated molecule. Charge-donating K atoms adsorbed on a silver surface were reversibly attached to a C60 molecule by moving it over K atoms with a scanning tunneling microscope tip. Spectroscopic measurements reveal that each attached K atom donates a constant amount of charge (approximately 0.6 electron charge) to the C60 host, thereby enabling its molecular electronic structure to be precisely and reversibly tuned.     

Real-time observation of the vibration of a single adsorbed molecule

The newly developed femtosecond field emission camera was used to observe the time dependence of field emission through a single copper phthalocyanine molecule adsorbed on a tungsten tip. In many of the individual 212-picosecond-long recordings, the field emission was found to oscillate with a frequency between 5 x 10(10) and 20 x 10(10) hertz. The oscillations, which were not observed from a bare tip, are believed to arise from the vibration of a single molecule with respect to the surface. Numerical simulations confirmed the statistical significance of the data.     

Inducing and viewing the rotational motion of a single molecule

Tunneling electrons from the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope were used to induce and monitor the reversible rotation of single molecules of molecular oxygen among three equivalent orientations on the platinum(111) surface. Detailed studies of the rotation rates indicate a crossover from a single-electron process to a multielectron process below a threshold tunneling voltage. Values for the energy barrier to rotation and the vibrational relaxation rate of the molecule were obtained by comparing the experimental data with a theoretical model. The ability to induce the controlled motion of single molecules enhances our understanding of basic chemical processes on surfaces and may lead to useful single-molecule devices.     

Picometer-scale electronic control of molecular dynamics inside a single molecule

Tunneling electrons from a low-temperature (5 kelvin) scanning tunneling microscope were used to control, through resonant electronic excitation, the molecular dynamics of an individual biphenyl molecule adsorbed on a silicon(100) surface. Different reversible molecular movements were selectively activated by tuning the electron energy and by selecting precise locations for the excitation inside the molecule. Both the spatial selectivity and energy dependence of the electronic control are supported by spectroscopic measurements with the scanning tunneling microscope. These experiments demonstrate the feasibility of controlling the molecular dynamics of a single molecule through the localization of the electronic excitation inside the molecule.     

Examining nanoenvironments in solids on the scale of a single, isolated impurity molecule

Optical spectroscopy of single impurity molecules in solids can be used as an exquisitely sensitive probe of the structure and dynamics of the specific local environment around the single molecule (the "nanoenvironment"). Recently observed effects such as spectral diffusion, perturbations by external fields, changes in molecular photophysics, shifts in vibrational modes, optical modification of the absorption spectrum, dynamics due to amorphous system physics, and magnetic resonance of a single molecular spin attest to the vitality of and growing interest in this new field, which may lead to optical storage on the single-molecule level.     

Alterations of single molecule fluorescence lifetimes in near-field optical microscopy

Fluorescence lifetimes of single Rhodamine 6G molecules on silica surfaces were measured with pulsed laser excitation, time-correlated single photon counting, and near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM). The fluorescence lifetime varies with the position of a molecule relative to a near-field probe. Qualitative features of lifetime decreases are consistent with molecular excited state quenching effects near metal surfaces. The technique of NSOM provides a means of altering the environment of a single fluorescent molecule and its decay kinetics in a repeatable fashion.     

Endothelial expression of a mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecule during atherogenesis

An inducible rabbit endothelial adhesion molecule that is selective for mononuclear leukocytes has been identified. This adhesion protein was expressed on the surface of activated cultured endothelium in two forms, 118 and 98 kilodaltons, the amino-terminal sequence of each being highly homologous to human VCAM-1. In dietary hypercholesterolemic and Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit models of atherosclerosis, this adhesion molecule was found to be expressed in a localized fashion by aortic endothelium that overlies early foam cell lesions. This lesion-localized expression suggests a potential endothelium-dependent mechanism for mononuclear leukocyte recruitment during atherogenesis and may provide a molecular marker for early atherosclerosis.     

Hyaluronic acid: a novel, double helical molecule

Films prepared from a deformable gel (or putty) of hyaluronic acid show high crystallinity and orientation in their x-ray diffraction patterns. We have derived a probable structure for the molecules in these films. This is a double helix in which two identical, left-handed strands are antiparallel to one another. Each strand has four disaccharide residues per pitch length. Although the putty is prepared at pH 2.5, at which dilute solutions of hyaluronic have exaggerated rheological properties, the double helical form can also exist at physiological pH and therefore may be a biologically important form.     

A homonuclear molecule with a permanent electric dipole moment

Permanent electric dipole moments in molecules require a breaking of parity symmetry. Conventionally, this symmetry breaking relies on the presence of heteronuclear constituents. We report the observation of a permanent electric dipole moment in a homonuclear molecule in which the binding is based on asymmetric electronic excitation between the atoms. These exotic molecules consist of a ground-state rubidium (Rb) atom bound inside a second Rb atom electronically excited to a high-lying Rydberg state. Detailed calculations predict appreciable dipole moments on the order of 1 Debye, in excellent agreement with the observations.     

N-Cadherin, a cell adhesion molecule involved in establishment of embryonic left-right asymmetry

Within the bilaterally symmetric vertebrate body plan, many organs develop asymmetrically. Here, it is demonstrated that a cell adhesion molecule, N-cadherin, is one of the earliest proteins to be asymmetrically expressed in the chicken embryo and that its activity is required during gastrulation for proper establishment of the left-right axis. Blocking N-cadherin function randomizes heart looping and alters the expression of Snail and Pitx2, later components of the molecular cascade that regulate left-right asymmetry. However, the expression of other components of this cascade (Nodal and Lefty) was unchanged after blocking N-cadherin function, suggesting the existence of parallel pathways in the establishment of left-right morphogenesis. Here, the results suggest that N-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion events are required for establishment of left-right asymmetry.     

GC-μECD法快速检测猪肉地西泮残留

[目的]利用气相色谱-微电子捕获（GC-μECD）检测法,快速检测猪肉中地西泮残留,为该类药物在动物性食品检测提供参考。[方法]首先用乙腈超声提取猪肉中的地西泮,C18固相萃取柱净化,利用GC-μECD法进行残留检测,外标法定量。[结果]在1-1000μg/L范围内药物色谱峰面积与浓度线性关系良好,相关系数达到0.9994。对空白猪肉进行1-50μg／kg范围的药物添加回收试验,平均回收率为83.5％-94.9％,日内变异系数为2.4％-8.1％,日间变异系数为3.9％-6.4％。检出限为0.31μ/kg,定量限为1μg/kg。[结论]该方法简便、快速,稳定性好,灵敏度高,线性范围广,适用于猪肉中地西泮的残留检测。     

牛肉图像在线采集系统的研究

研制了一种用于牛肉在线自动分级机器视觉系统的图像采集装置。该装置根据生产线使用要求,选取轻质高强度铝合金材料制作模具,并采用亮度连续可调的多颗粒LED灯加散光片作为照明的光源。通过试验对系统成像效果进行验证,运用数字技术对照明系统的光照均匀性进行分析。试验结果表明:在不同的光照强度下,该系统均具有较为理想的照明效果。     

Nondestructive optical measurements of a single electron spin in a quantum dot

Kerr rotation measurements on a single electron spin confined in a charge-tunable semiconductor quantum dot demonstrate a means to directly probe the spin off-resonance, thus minimally disturbing the system. Energy-resolved magneto-optical spectra reveal information about the optically oriented spin polarization and the transverse spin lifetime of the electron as a function of the charging of the dot. These results represent progress toward the manipulation and coupling of single spins and photons for quantum information processing.     

运动捕捉数据结构分析及应用

为了使人们对计算机动画领域的运动捕捉数据有所了解,对三维人体运动捕捉数据结构、骨骼层次关系及数据驱动人体运动的应用进行了详细的分析,最后在人体骨骼模型和操作人员模型的基础上进行了实验,仿真效果良好。     

丛枝菌根与土壤碳截获的研究进展

土壤碳截获一直是研究陆地生态系统碳循环的重要领域,而丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizal,简称AM)广泛存在于陆地生态系统中,对陆地生态系统碳循环有着重要作用。近年来,AM真菌在土壤碳截获中的应用日益受到人们的关注。综述了丛枝菌根在土壤碳截获功能中的作用机制,主要围绕AM与根系的关系、AM与光和碳截获、AM与土壤碳截获、环境因子对AM在土壤碳截获中的作用等方面进行了介绍。由于AM真菌对于调控碳循环具有不可替代的作用,因此全球气候变化下,AM真菌土壤碳截获的潜力研究、菌丝在土壤结构中的功能及菌丝网在生态系统碳固持中的作用必将成为研究热点。     

基于DirectShow的视频获取与应用

本文论述了DirectShow的编程模型,并给出了利用DirectShow获取视频数据的详细过程。