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1.
Serum Concentrations of Symmetric Dimethylarginine and Creatinine in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Chronic Kidney Disease 下载免费PDF全文
J.A. Hall M. Yerramilli E. Obare M. Yerramilli K. Almes D.E. Jewell 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2016,30(3):794-802
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Clinical Utility of Diagnostic Laboratory Tests in Dogs with Acute Pancreatitis: A Retrospective Investigation in a Primary Care Hospital 下载免费PDF全文
M. Yuki T. Hirano N. Nagata S. Kitano K. Imataka R. Tawada R. Shimada M. Ogawa 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2016,30(1):116-122
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F. Bernay J.M. Bland J. Häggström L. Baduel B. Combes A. Lopez V. Kaltsatos 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2010,24(2):331-341
Background: Spironolactone, an aldosterone antagonist, has been demonstrated to decrease mortality in human patients when added to other cardiac therapies. Hypothesis: Spironolactone in addition to conventional therapy increases survival compared with conventional therapy in dogs with naturally occurring myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Animals: Between February 2003 and March 2005, 221 dogs were recruited in Europe. Nine dogs were excluded from analysis, leaving 212 dogs with moderate to severe mitral regurgitation (MR) caused by MMVD (International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council classification classes II [n = 190] and III [n = 21]). Methods: Double‐blinded, field study conducted with dogs randomized to receive either spironolactone (2 mg/kg once a day) or placebo in addition to conventional therapy (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, plus furosemide and digoxin if needed). Primary endpoint was a composite of cardiac‐related death, euthanasia, or severe worsening of MR. Results: Primary endpoint reached by 11/102 dogs (10.8%) in the spironolactone group (6 deaths, 5 worsening) versus 28/110 (25.5%) in control group (14 deaths, 8 euthanasia, 6 worsening). Risk of reaching the composite endpoint significantly decreased by 55% (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.45; 95% confidence limits [CL], 0.22–0.90; log rank test, P= .017). Risk of cardiac‐ related death or euthanasia significantly reduced by 69% (HR = 0.31; 95% CL, 0.13–0.76; P= .0071). Number of dogs not completing the study for cardiac and other miscellaneous reasons similar in spironolactone (67/102) and control groups (66/110). Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Spironolactone added to conventional cardiac therapy decreases the risk of reaching the primary endpoint (ie, cardiac‐related death, euthanasia, or severe worsening) in dogs with moderate to severe MR caused by MMVD. 相似文献
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R.W. Nelson K. Henley C. Cole the PZIR Clinical Study Group 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2009,23(4):787-793
Background: This study describes the efficacy of a new protamine zinc recombinant human insulin (PZIR) preparation for treating diabetic cats. Objective: To evaluate effects of PZIR on control of glycemia in cats with newly diagnosed or poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. Animals: One hundred and thirty‐three diabetic cats 120 newly diagnosed and 13 previously treated. Methods: Prospective, uncontrolled clinical trial. Cats were treated with PZIR twice daily for 45 days. Control of glycemia was assessed on days 7, 14, 30, and 45 by evaluation of change in water consumption, frequency of urination, appetite, and body weight, serum fructosamine concentration, and blood glucose concentrations determined 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 hours after administration of PZIR. Adjustments in dosage of PZIR were made as needed to control glycemia. Results: PZIR administration resulted in a significant decrease in 9‐hour mean blood glucose (199 ± 114 versus 417 ± 83 mg/dL, X± SD, P < .001) and serum fructosamine (375 ± 117 versus 505 ± 96 μmol/L, P < .001) concentration and a significant increase in mean body weight (5.9 ± 1.4 versus 5.4 ± 1.5 kg, P= .017) in 133 diabetic cats at day 45 compared with day 0, respectively. By day 45, polyuria and polydipsia had improved in 79% (105 of 133), 89% (118 of 133) had a good body condition, and 9‐hour mean blood glucose concentration, serum fructosamine concentration, or both had improved in 84% (112 of 133) of the cats compared with day 0. Hypoglycemia (<80 mg/dL) was identified in 151 of 678, 9‐hour serial blood glucose determinations and in 85 of 133 diabetic cats. Hypoglycemia causing clinical signs was confirmed in 2 diabetic cats. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: PZIR is effective for controlling glycemia in diabetic cats and can be used as an initial treatment or as an alternative treatment in diabetic cats that do not respond to treatment with other insulin preparations. 相似文献
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I.P. Herring D.L. Panciera S.R. Werre 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(2):488-495
Background
The prevalence and progression of vascular complications of spontaneous diabetes mellitus (DM) in dogs have not been described.Objectives
To investigate the effects of duration of disease, as estimated by time since DM diagnosis, and glycemic control on prevalence of systemic hypertension, proteinuria, and diabetic retinopathy in dogs with spontaneous DM.Animals
Seventeen client‐owned dogs with spontaneous DM.Methods
Prospective, longitudinal observational study. Dogs with DM of less than 1 year''s duration were recruited and evaluated once every 6 months for 24 months. Recorded measures included indirect BP, urine albumin, protein and creatinine concentrations, serial blood glucose and serum fructosamine concentrations, ophthalmic examination, and a standardized behavioral questionnaire.Results
Eleven dogs completed the 2‐year follow‐up period, during which the highest recorded prevalence of systolic and diastolic hypertension was 55 and 64%, respectively. Prevalence of microalbuminuria and elevated urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) ranged up to 73 and 55%, respectively. Prevalence of retinopathy ranged up to 20%. No significant effect of time since DM diagnosis or glycemic control was detected for any of the measures examined. Additionally, no significant associations between BP, urine albumin concentration, UPC and retinopathy were detected.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
With the exception of proteinuria, which was substantial in some cases, clinically deleterious diabetic vascular complications were not identified in dogs in this study. 相似文献8.
Computed Tomographic Angiography of the Pancreas in Cats with Chronic Diabetes Mellitus Compared to Normal Cats 下载免费PDF全文
S. Secrest A. Sharma A. Bugbee 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(3):962-966
Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common endocrinopathy in cats. No known diagnostic test or patient characteristic at the time of diagnosis can predict likely disease course, unlike in people in whom computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is used. No published data exist regarding the CTA appearance of the pancreas in cats with DM, and thus, it is unknown what if any CTA variables should be further assessed for associations with pancreatic endocrine function.Hypothesis/Objectives
A significant difference in pancreatic attenuation, volume, and size will be identified between normal cats and those with chronic DM on CTA.Animals
Ten healthy control cats and 15 cats with naturally occurring DM present for >12 months.Methods
Prospective cross‐sectional study comparing pancreatic attenuation, enhancement pattern, size, volume, pancreatic volume‐to‐body weight ratio (V:BW), pancreatic arterial: portal phase ratio (A:P), time‐to‐arterial enhancement, and time‐to‐peak portal enhancement on CTA between sedated healthy control cats and those with chronic DM.Results
The pancreas in cats with chronic DM was significantly larger, had higher volume, higher V:BW, and shorter time‐to‐peak portal enhancement on CTA when compared to normal cats.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Peak portal enhancement time, pancreatic size, pancreatic volume, and V:BW can be used to differentiate normal sedated cats from those with chronic DM by CTA. These variables warrant further investigation to identify possible associations with endocrine function. 相似文献9.
Spectrophotometry and Ultracentrifugation for Measurement of Plasma Lipids in Dogs with Diabetes Mellitus 下载免费PDF全文
E.C. Seage K.J. Drobatz R.S. Hess 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):93-98
Background
There are conflicting reports of plasma lipoprotein lipid content in dogs with diabetes mellitus (DM).Objectives
To determine lipoprotein lipid content of plasma of dogs with DM by spectrophotometry and ultracentrifugation; to compare lipoprotein lipid content in diabetic and healthy dogs; and to quantify apolipoprotein B‐100 (ApoB) in dogs with DM.Animals
22 dogs with DM and 9 healthy dogs.Methods
Cross‐sectional study. Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) concentrations were measured by spectrophotometry. Very low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL‐C) and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) concentrations were calculated after ultracentrifugation. Non‐HDL‐C cholesterol was calculated by subtracting HDL‐C from TC. ApoB was quantified by ELISA. The Mann‐Whitney test was used for comparison of median lipoprotein concentrations, and Spearman's correlation was used to assess associations between ApoB and lipoprotein fractions.Results
All values are reported in mg/dL. Median TG (122), TC (343.5), HDL‐C, (200), VLDL‐C, (27) LDL‐C (68), non‐HDL‐C (114), and ApoB (320) were significantly higher in dogs with DM, compared to healthy dogs (57, 197, 168, 12, 16, 31, and 258, respectively, P‐values 0.0079, <0.001, 0.029, 0.011, <0.001, <0.001, 0.025, respectively). A significant association was found between ApoB and LDL‐C (Spearman's rho = 0.41, P = 0.022) and between ApoB and non‐HDL‐C (Spearman's rho = 0.40, P = 0.027).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Dyslipidemia of dogs with DM is characterized by pronounced increases in LDL‐C and non‐HDL‐C concentrations, although all lipoprotein fractions are significantly increased. Knowledge of specific lipoprotein fraction alterations in dogs with DM can enhance treatment options for diabetic dyslipidemia in dogs. 相似文献10.
Lasely G. King MVB DACVECC DACVIM Hilary Fordyce VMD Michelle Campellone VMD Greg Maislin MS MA 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2001,11(3):183-189
Objective: The objectives of this study were to test the value of adding serial measurements to the Survival Prediction Index (SPI 2), and to investigate whether time trajectories add predictive information beyond measurements at a single point in time.
Design: Prospective clinical trial.
Setting: Intensive care unit at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital.
Animals: 63 critically ill dogs
Interventions: Physiologic data were collected within 24 hours of admission to the ICU (Day 1), and again on Day 3 of hospitalization.
Measurements: The first analysis applied the SPI 2 equation on Day 1 and again on Day3. Then a prediction model was re-estimated using Day 1 measurements, and the incremental predictive value of adding Day 1 to Day 3 change scores was evaluated. the third analysis tested the incremental predictive value of change scores in models containing only one prognostic variable. The final analysis compared the re-estimated Day 1 model to an analogously re-estimated Day 3 model.
Main Results: Using the SPI 2 equation, the AUC was 7.7% higher using Day 3 measurements than that obtained using Day 1 measurements (P = 0.515). Starting with the re-estimated Day 1 model (AUC = 0.925), forward stepwise addition of the difference score for each variable did not result in an improvement in the AUC. The AUC for the re-estimated Day 1 model was not statistially different from that of the re-estimated model using Day 3 measurements.
Conculusion: This study shows no benefit to repeated calculation of the SPI 2 later in hospitalization. 相似文献
Design: Prospective clinical trial.
Setting: Intensive care unit at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital.
Animals: 63 critically ill dogs
Interventions: Physiologic data were collected within 24 hours of admission to the ICU (Day 1), and again on Day 3 of hospitalization.
Measurements: The first analysis applied the SPI 2 equation on Day 1 and again on Day3. Then a prediction model was re-estimated using Day 1 measurements, and the incremental predictive value of adding Day 1 to Day 3 change scores was evaluated. the third analysis tested the incremental predictive value of change scores in models containing only one prognostic variable. The final analysis compared the re-estimated Day 1 model to an analogously re-estimated Day 3 model.
Main Results: Using the SPI 2 equation, the AUC was 7.7% higher using Day 3 measurements than that obtained using Day 1 measurements (P = 0.515). Starting with the re-estimated Day 1 model (AUC = 0.925), forward stepwise addition of the difference score for each variable did not result in an improvement in the AUC. The AUC for the re-estimated Day 1 model was not statistially different from that of the re-estimated model using Day 3 measurements.
Conculusion: This study shows no benefit to repeated calculation of the SPI 2 later in hospitalization. 相似文献
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Correlation of Urine and Serum Biomarkers with Renal Damage and Survival in Dogs with Naturally Occurring Proteinuric Chronic Kidney Disease 下载免费PDF全文
J.A. Hokamp R.E. Cianciolo M. Boggess G.E. Lees S.L. Benali M. Kovarsky M.B. Nabity 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2016,30(2):591-601
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Evaluation of the Cortisol‐to‐ACTH Ratio in Dogs with Hypoadrenocorticism,Dogs with Diseases Mimicking Hypoadrenocorticism and in Healthy Dogs 下载免费PDF全文
F.S. Boretti F. Meyer W.A. Burkhardt B. Riond R. Hofmann‐Lehmann C.E. Reusch N.S. Sieber‐Ruckstuhl 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(5):1335-1341
Background
The adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test is the gold standard for diagnosing hypoadrenocorticism (HA) in dogs. However, problems with the availability of synthetic ACTH (tetracosactrin/cosyntropin) and increased costs have prompted the need for alternative methods.Objectives
To prospectively evaluate the cortisol‐to‐ACTH ratio (CAR) as a screening test for diagnosing canine HA.Animals
Twenty three dogs with newly diagnosed HA; 79 dogs with diseases mimicking HA; 30 healthy dogs.Methods
Plasma ACTH and baseline cortisol concentrations were measured before IV administration of 5 μg/kg ACTH in all dogs. CAR was calculated and the diagnostic performance of ACTH, baseline cortisol, CAR and sodium‐to‐potassium ratios (SPRs) was assessed based on receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves calculating the area under the ROC curve.Results
The CAR was significantly lower in dogs with HA compared to that in healthy dogs and in those with diseases mimicking HA (P < .0001). There was an overlap between HA dogs and those with HA mimicking diseases, but CAR still was the best parameter for diagnosing HA (ROC AUC 0.998), followed by the ACTH concentration (ROC AUC 0.97), baseline cortisol concentration (ROC AUC 0.96), and SPR (ROC AUC 0.86). With a CAR of >0.01 the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 99%, respectively.Conclusion and Clinical Importance
Calculation of the CAR is a useful screening test for diagnosing primary HA. As a consequence of the observed overlap between the groups, however, misdiagnosis cannot be completely excluded. Moreover, additional studies are needed to evaluate the diagnostic reliability of CAR in more dogs with secondary HA. 相似文献13.
本研究旨在探讨N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸(NAC)对1型糖尿病模型比格犬晶状体上皮氧化损伤的影响。将40只2~3岁比格犬随机分为对照组(CON组)、糖尿病模型组(DM组)、胰岛素治疗组(INS组)、NAC联合胰岛素治疗组(NAC+INS组)和NAC治疗组(NAC组),每组8只,各治疗组试验犬模型建立持续120 d。在造模前及造模后按试验设定时间对犬进行空腹血糖监测、胰岛素释放试验、房水葡萄糖测定、用裂隙灯进行白内障等级评定。对眼晶状体上皮进行病理组织学观察的同时,利用ELISA、RT-PCR等方法对晶状体内氧化应激指标进行检测。试验结果显示:空腹血糖监测和胰岛素释放试验显示,成功建立了1型糖尿病比格犬模型;与CON组相比,DM组犬在试验结束时,血清及房水葡萄糖显著升高(P<0.05),晶状体功能明显下降;裂隙灯结果显示,DM组犬的晶状体混浊等级在试验结束时达Ⅳ级,其余4组并未出现明显皮质混浊迹象,且DM组的晶状体上皮出现细胞核固缩和坏死小体等较为明显的病理变化;NAC、INS和NAC+INS组血糖虽呈下降趋势,但仍高于CON组,其中,NAC+INS组血糖较DM组显著下降(P<0... 相似文献
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Brenda S. Phillips Susan A. Kraegel Eric Simonson Bruce R. Madewell 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1998,12(3):171-172
During a 4-month period, 34 dogs with tumors received a total of 60 doses of a single generic formulation of doxorubicin; 13 acute drug reactions were observed in these 34 dogs, and no acute reactions were observed after replacing the product with the proprietary brand. These reactions were characterized by one or more of the following signs: pruritus; head-shaking; urticaria; erythema of the pinnal, axillary, or inguinal regions; vocalization; vomiting; hyperemic or pale mucous membranes; high heart rate; and high respiratory rate. We propose that a component unique to generic doxorubicin was responsible for the unusually high number of acute drug reactions observed. 相似文献
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C.M. Bonadio E.C. Feldman T.A. Cohen P.H. Kass 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(4):1239-1243
Background
Trilostane medical treatment of naturally occurring hyperadrenocorticism (NOH) in dogs is common, as is use of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test (ACTHst) in monitoring response to treatment. There is uncertainty regarding when the ACTHst should be started relative to time of trilostane administration.Objective
To compare ACTHst results in dogs being treated for NOH with trilostane when the test is begun 2 versus 4 hours after trilostane administration.Animals
Twenty‐one privately owned dogs with NOH, each treated with trilostane for at least 30 days.Methods
Each dog had 2 ACTHst completed, 1 started 2 hours and the other 4 hours after trilostane administration. The second test was started no sooner than 46 hours and no later than 74 hours after the first.Results
For all 21 dogs, the mean post‐ACTH serum cortisol concentration from tests started 2 hours after trilostane administration (5.4 ± 3.7 μg/dL) was significantly lower (P = .03) as compared with results from the tests started 4 hours after administration (6.5 ± 4.5 μg/dL).Conclusions
Results of ACTHst started at different times yield significantly different results. Dogs with NOH, treated with trilostane, and monitored with ACTHst results should have all of their subsequent ACTHst tests begun at or about the same time after trilostane administration. 相似文献16.
Effect of the Glucagon‐like Peptide‐1 Analogue Exenatide Extended Release in Cats with Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus 下载免费PDF全文
A. Riederer E. Zini E. Salesov F. Fracassi I. Padrutt K. Macha T.M. Stöckle T.A. Lutz C.E. Reusch 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2016,30(1):92-100
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Effect of Ovariohysterectomy at the Time of Tumor Removal in Dogs with Mammary Carcinomas: A Randomized Controlled Trial 下载免费PDF全文
V.M. Kristiansen L. Peña L. Díez Córdova J.C. Illera E. Skjerve A.M. Breen M.A. Cofone M. Langeland J. Teige M. Goldschmidt K.U. Sørenmo 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2016,30(1):230-241
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A.K. Claude A. Dedeaux L. Chiavaccini S. Hinz 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(5):1414-1417
Background
Vomiting is a common complication associated with the use of hydromorphine for pre‐emptive analgesia in dogs. The ideal anti‐emetic protocol for prevention of this complication has not been established.Hypothesis
Maropitant administered concurrently or before hydromorphone would reduce the incidence of vomiting, signs of nausea, ptyalism, and increased panting compared to administration of acepromazine or a 0.9% saline control.Animals
Sixty mixed‐breed female dogs scheduled for ovariohysterectomy.Methods
Randomized, blinded, placebo‐controlled experimental study. Dogs were assigned to 4 experimental groups with 15 dogs per group. All groups received 0.2 mg/kg of hydromorphone IM. Group “Control” received 0.1 mL/kg saline SC 30–45 minutes before hydromorphone, group “Marop1” received 1 mg/kg maropitant SC 30–45 minutes before hydromorphone, group “Ace” received 0.02 mg/kg IM acepromazine 30–45 minutes before hydromorphone, and group “Marop2” received 1 mg/kg SC maropitant concurrently with hydromorphone. A trained and blinded observer documented adverse events from the time hydromorphone was administered until the time dogs were induced for surgery.Results
Marop1 had significantly less vomiting (0%) compared to Control (87%; P < .01) and Ace (53%; P < .01). Marop2 had significantly less vomiting (27%) compared to Control (P < .01). Marop1 had significantly greater incidence of ptyalism (73%) compared to Ace (P < .01; 20%). Ace showed significantly less panting (33%) compared to Marop2 (93%; P < .01).Conclusions and Clinical Importance
In healthy dogs, maropitant citrate administered before hydromorphone significantly decreases the incidence of vomiting in dogs but does not improve signs of nausea, ptyalism, or increased panting. 相似文献19.
A.H. Abbo D.R. Jones A.R. Masters J.C. Stewart L. Fourez D.W. Knapp 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2010,24(5):1124-1130
Background: Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common cancer of the urinary tract in dogs. The most frequent cause of death is urinary obstruction from the primary tumor. Standard medical therapy for TCC is only partially effective. Hypothesis/Objectives: Intravesical administration of mitomycin C (MMC) in dogs with invasive TCC will result in antitumor activity against the primary tumor and minimal systemic drug absorption. Animals: Thirteen privately owned dogs with naturally occurring, histopathologically diagnosed TCC of the urinary bladder. Methods: A prospective phase I trial was performed. MMC was given intravesically (600 μg/mL initial concentration) for 1 h/d for 2 consecutive days each month. The MMC concentration was escalated to a maximum of 800 μg/mL in groups of 3 dogs until the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was determined. Serum assays for MMC were performed to determine the extent of systemic absorption of the MMC. Results: The MTD of MMC based on local toxicoses was 700 μg/mL (1‐h dwell time, 2 consecutive days). In addition, 2 dogs had severe myelosuppression and appeared to have systemic absorption of MMC. Five dogs had partial remission, and 7 dogs had stable disease. Conclusions: Intravesical MMC has antitumor activity in dogs with invasive TCC. Further study is needed to determine the cause of the myelosuppression associated with MMC administration, and to develop strategies to minimize this risk. 相似文献