Infiltrative angiolipoma of the parotid salivary gland in a dog

Solitary benign angiolipoma and infiltrative angiolipoma are rare tumours in dogs. Angiolipomata can be distinguished histologically from lipomata by the large number of tightly packed blood vessels seen between the adipocytes with multiple fibrin thrombi occupying some of the vessels' lumens. The dog presented with a solitary slow-growing mass in the cervical region. Histopathology revealed multifocal to coalescing single or clusters of blood-filled vessels lined by flattened endothelial cells with narrow, elongated, basophilic nuclei. These regions were embedded in adipose tissue with multifocal areas of intervascular remnants of differentiated serous salivary glandular tissue with multifocal small ducts. Fibrin thrombi occupied a few of the vessel lumens. A histological diagnosis of infiltrative angiolipoma was made. On computed tomography, the mass was bilobed with a suspected primary component involving the right parotid gland which was grossly enlarged. The mass had a slightly hypoattenuating mottled to lobulated appearance with a few hyperattenuating mineralised specks throughout. Hounsfield units of the mass ranged between 40 and 45, which was less than the 60-65 of the contralateral salivary glands and cranial musculature. Post contrast images showed no contrast enhancement of 90% of the mass with only a band of peripheral contrast uptake of the affected lateral lobe.     

Adenocarcinoma of the salivary gland in a white Swiss mouse.

A salivary gland adenocarcinoma in a white Swiss mouse used in a titration of the scrapie agent is reported. The neoplasm originated from the serous cells of the parotid salivary gland. Retroviral particles were detected in the neoplastic salivary gland cells by electron microscopy.     

Histo-ontogenetic study of the parotid salivary gland of Indian buffalo

The present study was aimed at elucidating the histogenesis of parotid gland of buffalo. The study was carried out on buffalo foetuses (n = 36), during different stages of prenatal life. The foetuses were categorised into three groups based on their curved crown rump length (CVRL). The primordial anlage of parotid salivary gland was evident at 40th day of development whereas the primary ducts, in the form of cords, were first observed at 81st day of prenatal life. The capsule formation as well as the lobulation of the gland was initiated at 127th day. At 141st day, the duct system of gland was completed. The terminal tubules attained the structure of acini at 167th day. The myoepithelial cells first appeared as flattened basal cells initially around the developing acinar cells at 167th day. The typical compound tubulo-acinar nature of the gland was first observed at 185th day. Purely serous acinar cells were seen from 185th day onwards. The micrometrical studies revealed that the mean diameter of acinar cells, intercalated ducts, striated ducts and large ducts increased with the advancement of age. The serous acinar cells were devoid of acidic as well as neutral mucopolysaccharides in prenatal age groups; however, large ducts with goblet cells exhibited positive reaction. Combined PAS-AB method revealed mixed reaction in acinar cells as well as in large ducts. Fine lipid droplets were observed in intralobular as well as interlobular connective tissue; however, phospholipids were observed in the cell membrane of secretory cells and ducts.     

Parotid salivary gland carcinoma in a geriatric horse

This case report describes a geriatric gelding with a 2 month history of fast‐growing masses within the parotid and submandibular regions. The horse was dyspnoeic on presentation and upper airway endoscopy revealed partial airway obstruction at the level of the pharynx, secondary to a space‐occupying mass. Cytological evaluation of multiple fine‐needle aspirates obtained from the masses were suggestive of salivary gland neoplasia, therefore the horse was subjected to humane euthanasia. A computed tomographical scan was obtained post mortem and revealed a large multi‐lobulated mass involving both guttural pouches, resulting in 80% occlusion of the naso‐ and oropharynx. Histopathology confirmed a parotid salivary gland carcinoma (papillary‐cystic type). Salivary gland tumours are extremely rare in horses, with only a few cases reported in the literature. Treatment of these malignancies proves to be challenging, requiring complete parotidectomy or surgical debulkment, in combination with adjunctive therapy.     

Partial ligation of the transposed parotid duct at the level of the parotid gland for excessive salivary secretions

Objective To determine the outcome and effect of a partial ligation of the transposed parotid duct at the level of the parotid gland in four dogs with excessive salivation and ocular irritation. Methods Four dogs were previously diagnosed with absolute keratoconjunctivitis sicca. After a parotid duct transposition (PDT) surgery, these dogs experienced excessive saliva production and abundant salivary precipitates, which resulted in epiphora, moist dermatitis, blepharospasm, and keratitis. In an effort to decrease saliva production, a partial ligation of the transposed duct at the level of the parotid gland was performed. Two or three accessory branches to the primary parotid duct were ligated at the level of the salivary gland. Results The four cases were three Yorkshire terriers and a Chihuahua. The average age of the four patients was 2.5 years. Partial ligation of accessory branches of the parotid duct at the level of the parotid gland after a PDT in this study demonstrated improved ocular comfort, decreased salivary precipitates, and adequate Schirmer tear test results without marked epiphora in three of the four animals. The male Yorkshire had epiphora after the initial partial ligations of two accessory branches were placed at the level of the parotid gland. To correct the excessive salivary flow, two additional ligatures were placed at a later date, which resolved the epiphora. Conclusion Partial ligation of the parotid duct at the level of the parotid gland proved to be an effective technique in moderating the salivation in these four patients with excessive salivary secretions after PDT.     

Secretory carcinoma of the mammary gland in an 8-year-old Holstein-Friesian dairy cow

This study was conducted to examine the oxidative stress biomarkers in a cow diagnosed with a follicular cyst in her left ovary. Progesterone (P4) and plasma oxidative stress status was measured in 13 Holstein cows after synchronization of oestrus with controlled internal drug release (CIDR) and prostaglandinF2α (PGF2α) protocol. The presence and size of ovarian structures were monitored by transrectal ultrasound at 4 hourly intervals. Of the 13 cows, 12 were monitored until ovulation was detected and recorded, whereas one cow failed to ovulate and developed a follicular cyst. Oxidative stress biomarkers; reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), biological antioxidant potential (BAP), oxidative stress index (OSI), glutathione (GSH), ceruloplasmin and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) were measured in the cystic cow and compared to those of the 12 ovulated cows and are referred to as higher or lower if they are outside the mean ± standard error of mean of those of ovulated cows. The cystic cow had lower ROMs and OSI between 36 and 84 h after PGF2α injection and at 9 h, from 36 to 60 h after PGF2α injection respectively. On the other hand, antioxidant (BAP and GSH) was higher in the cystic cow compared to her ovulated herd mates. The observed imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant might have disrupted the physiological events for ovulation to occur, leading to cystic ovarian disease.     

Carcinoma of the mammary gland in a mare

A 20‐year‐old Quarter Horse mare was presented with a firm, nonpainful swelling near the axial margin of the left mammary gland. Ultrasound examination of the mass revealed a 35 mm poorly encapsulated, homogeneous mass within the parenchyma of the left mammary gland. Using histopathology and immunohistochemistry, the mass was diagnosed as a mammary carcinoma and showed positivity for cytokeratin 18 (CK18), vimentin and α‐smooth muscle actin. Additionally, the mRNA expression level of the oncogene cMyc did not show a significant upregulation, whereas p53, a well‐known tumour suppressor gene in breast cancer, was significantly reduced in comparison with healthy equine mammary gland tissue. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a significant downregulation of p53 expression in a mammary carcinoma of a mare.     

Besnoitia cysts in the adrenal gland of a cow

Summary

An unusual finding of Besnoitia besnoiti was discovered during histopathological examination of the adrenal gland of a cow brought to slaughter.     

Echocardiographic findings of tricuspid blood cyst mimicking bacterial endocarditis in a dairy cow

The most common endocardial disease in cattle is bacterial endocarditis. The diagnosis of the disease in living animals is mainly based on clinical findings and echocardiographic detection of an irregularly thickened valve. Despite its presumed good sensitivity, little is known on the specificity of transthoracic echocardiography with regards to endocarditis. This case report describes the echocardiographic findings in a dairy cow diagnosed with a chronic inflammatory process, liver and splenic abscesses and tricuspid valve blood cysts that can be mistaken for bacterial endocarditis, thus emphasizing the need to improve antemortem diagnostic tools for endocarditis in cattle.     

新疆褐牛导入美国瑞士褐牛后代犊牛放牧补饲试验

[目的]研究新疆褐牛导入杂交后代在不同生产方式下的生产性能与适应性.[方法]选择美新褐杂交F1代、F2代犊牛68头,并按品种类型、性别随机分为2组,试验组为放牧补饲生产,对照组为天然放牧生产.[结果]表明:美新褐牛F1代、F2代犊牛试验组与对照组相比日增重显著(P＜0.05),试验组F1代较F2代公牛日增重提高10％,...     

Thoracoscopic pericardiotomy as a palliative treatment in a cow with pericardial lymphoma

A 5-year-old Holstein cow, pregnant with a valuable calf, was presented with signs of heart failure (tachycardia, peripheral edema, and distended jugular veins) related to pericardial lymphoma and associated cardiac tamponade. In addition, pleural effusion was present in both hemithoraces. Medical treatment, which consisted of repeated pericardiocenteses, placement of indwelling pleural catheters, administration of intravenous fluid therapy, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs, was ineffective in controlling recurrence of clinical signs despite a temporary improvement. A standing thoracoscopic pericardiotomy was performed in an attempt to reduce clinical signs of heart failure and to prolong life. Clinical signs of heart failure abated and no recurrence was seen. Standing thoracoscopic pericardiotomy along with possible corticosteroids can be recommended as palliative treatment in an effort to extend life for reproductive performance in genetically valuable animals.     

Fibrosarcoma affecting the mammary gland of a cow.

A highly malignant fibrosarcoma which arose in or close to the mammary gland of a 12 year old Ayrshire cow, with metastases in local lymph nodes, lungs, liver, kidney and adrenal glands has been described. The tumors were densely cellular and consisted of interweaving bands of fusiform cells with a high mitotic index. Infiltration of normal tissues and invasion of blood vessels were characteristic features. Ultrastructural study of the cells revealed mesenchymal cells with abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasmic vesicles and they were closely invested with collagen fibers.     

Oncocytoma in the mandibular salivary gland of a cat

A cat was referred for investigation of a soft tissue mass caudal to the left mandible. Initial investigations suggested a malignant salivary gland tumour, and the mass was removed by extracapsular resection of the mandibular gland. Histopathology showed an oncocytoma within the salivary gland. An oncocytoma is a neoplastic transformation of oncocytes. Oncocytes are cells with a small nucleus and intense eosinophilic granular cytoplasm due to numerous mitochondria, which proliferate during ageing in exocrine and endocrine glandular tissues. Physiological proliferation occurs next to oncocytosis, oncocytoma, and oncocytic carcinoma. This is the first report of an oncocytoma in a feline mandibular salivary gland, and the first report of long-term survival after surgical removal.     

Sebaceous carcinoma of the salivary gland in a cat

Sebaceous carcinoma of the submandibular salivary gland is described in a cat, tumour cells were characterized histologically by moderate amounts of pale eosinophilic or vacuolated cytoplasm. Tumour cells were stained with antibody to cytokeratins (CKs 5. 6, 8, 17 and 19) and with lectins Con A and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA); this occurs in many other types of salivary gland tumour and is a feature of normal salivary gland acinar cells.