福建省刺参养殖产业发展现状与对策

近几年来,福建省刺参养殖产业发展迅速,已经发展成为福建省重要的海水养殖业之一.本文综述了福建省刺参养殖产业发展的现状,主要包括:刺参养殖概况、养殖区域与模式、养殖效益分析等.探讨了影响福建省刺参产业发展的主要问题并提出了发展对策.     

烟台市刺参养殖现状与发展对策

1烟台市刺参养殖的基本情况烟台市地处胶东半岛,海岸线漫长,岛屿众多,具有发展刺参养殖得天独厚的优越条件。烟台市充分发挥优势,把刺参养殖作为调整产业结构、培植海洋经济新的增长点的重要举措加以推进,呈现出池塘养殖、围堰养殖、围网养殖、底播增殖及工厂化养殖等多种形式发展的良好局面。     

我国刺参养殖产业的现状与发展对策

刺参属于棘皮动物门、海参纲、刺参科的动物,是我国常见海参种类中营养价值最高、最受人们喜爱的一种,名列海味八珍之首,适宜生长在我国辽宁、山东和河北沿海。近年来随着市场需求的增长和天然资源的减少,刺参的人工养殖规模迅速扩大,对我国海水养殖产业发展起到了积极的促进作用。我国“十二五”乃至更长一段时期,大力发展刺参养殖产业是加快推动我国海洋经济的重要途径。     

漳州市刺参养殖现状与展望

根据对漳州市2006、2007年刺参池塘养殖情况的调查,通过池塘选择、刺参附着基、苗种选择与运输、水质管理、饵料投喂、市场前景等方面的分析,对如何充分利用现有养殖池塘资源、提高养殖经济效益提出一些看法和建议.     

我国刺参工厂化养殖发展现状与对策建议

目前,我国刺参人工养殖主要采取近海围港养殖和潮间带池塘养殖的方式进行,由于沿海刺参养殖企业大面积联片开发造成的环境影响,刺参养殖病害逐年增多,养殖风险不断升高。许多养殖业主开始采用降低养殖密度的粗放式养殖模式以规避风险,然而却导致养殖效益下降。因此,寻求高效、安全、环境友好型的刺参集约化养殖新途径成为产业发展的必然趋势。     

刺参健康养殖与产业可持续发展研讨会在青岛举行

4月10日,由山东水产学会和青岛市水产学会举办的“刺参健康养殖与产业可持续发展”研讨会在青岛举行。作为山东省今年开展渔业科技促进年活动的一项重要内容,此次研讨会旨在以科技创新引领全省刺参产业健康可持续发展,推动现代渔业园区建设。     

刺参人工藻礁养殖可持续发展的对策与措施

为有效解决目前刺参人工藻礁养殖生产中存在的海区超负荷盲目发展、海区环境与养殖池底污染程度不断加剧、养殖品种生长性状与抗病能力逐步减退、暴雨等自然灾害影响逐渐增强及管理技术滞后等突出问题,以实现刺参人工藻礁养殖产业的可持续发展,提出了进一步强化政府宏观调控能力和全面推行无公害生态养殖模式及在刺参养殖过程中确保放养健康苗种、严格控制水质环境、严防暴雨袭击、搞好种质改良、重视防治病害、落实定期清池消毒制度等对策与措施。     

刺参海面网箱养殖现状与展望

一、现状刺参海面网箱养殖是近两年兴起的一种刺参养殖新方式。我国刺参海面网箱养殖起初是以野生刺参暂养方式面世。随着技术开发,尤其是生态养殖技术开发,在作为刺参海面网箱养殖发祥地的大连,刺参海面网箱养殖现已走上轨道。目前,刺参海面网箱养殖生产方式不仅包括成参养殖,     

刺参养殖现状及展望

近10余年来，随着全球海参自然资源日趋枯竭与国内海参消费持续增长，我国刺参养殖呈现迅猛发展态势。尤其在烟台、威海、大连、青岛等地，刺参现已成为举足轻重的水产养殖品种，并持续引起各界业主广泛关注。因此，刺参种苗的工厂化培育技术和养殖技术随之兴起。目前，国内刺参养殖规模不断扩大，养殖方式也多种多样。本文对我国刺参养殖技术的研究概况作一综述，以期为刺参养殖提供理论依据。     

辽宁省刺参养殖现状及对若干关键问题的思考

1 刺参养殖概况 近10年来,辽宁省的刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)养殖发展迅猛.由原来仅在大连沿海养殖,现已扩展到从鸭绿江口到葫芦岛的整个辽宁沿海.     

Cryopreservation of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) sperm

A simple and convenient method for the cryopreservation of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) sperm was tested in the present study. The highest motility (76.7±2.9%) of post‐thawing sperm was obtained in 15% dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) with a 1:9 dilution (semen volume to DMSO volume) when 0.5 mL semen–DMSO mixture was frozen at 6 cm above liquid N₂ in a closed styrofoam box. After thawing, sperm cryopreserved in glycerol almost lost motility entirely. Although there was no significant difference in percentage of motile sperm between 15% and 20% DMSO, the duration of sperm motility of 15% DMSO group was longer than that of 20% DMSO group. The motility of post‐thawing sperm enhanced when the dilution ratio of semen increased from 1:1 to 1:9. Morphological changes such as the loss of mitochondria, swollen plasma membrane and broken or rolled‐up tails were observed in post‐thawing sperm using an eosin–nigrosin staining. The fertility of cryopreserved sperm was significantly lower than that of unfrozen sperm. The 10‐fold increase in sperm to egg ratio resulted in double fertility for cryopreserved sperm, and about 70% fertility relative to the control.     

Requirement of vitamin E of growing sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Selenka

This feeding trial was conducted to determine the vitamin E requirement of growing sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Selenka. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental diets were formulated to contain graded levels of vitamin E (6.7, 81.2, 159.3, 237.8, 314.6, 395.9 mg/kg diet). Each diet was assigned randomly to 30 growing sea cucumber with initial body weight 15.43 g in triplicates for 8 weeks. Survival rate was not affected by dietary vitamin E; meanwhile, both the weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate were presented the trend of increasing first and then kept stable. With the increasing of dietary vitamin E, crude lipid content of body wall was evaluated firstly and dropped afterwards. When dietary vitamin E contents were lower than 159.3 mg/kg, vitamin E contents of body wall were increased by dietary vitamin E levels, but there were no more differences when dietary vitamin E higher than 159.3 mg/kg. There were minor effects on digestive enzymes of intestine by dietary vitamin E. Contents of malondialdehyde were decreased, while the total superoxide dismutase activity was increased first and then decreased with the increasing of dietary vitamin E. Activities of intestinal alkaline phosphatase were increased, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase were decreased first and then increased with the increasing of dietary vitamin E. In conclusion, analysis by a linear regression equation of WG or vitamin E contents in body wall indicated that the optimum requirement of vitamin E for growing sea cucumber (initial body weight 15.43 g) was 165.2–187.2 mg/kg diet.     

仿刺参超氧化物歧化酶基因cDNA全序列的克隆及其特征分析

以仿刺参Apostichopus japonicus为材料,利用cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)方法首次得到仿刺参MnSOD的全长cDNA。该全长cDNA大小为955bp,其中5′端非编码区67bp,3′端非编码区216bp,开放阅读框(ORF)672bp,在3′端有多聚腺苷酸信号序列ATTTA,并有polyA加尾,符合有效翻译的基因全长cDNA的特征。MnSOD全长cDNA可编码223个氨基酸的前体蛋白,预测蛋白分子质量为24.64kD,理论等电点是6.66,为亲水性蛋白。该蛋白序列没有信号肽和跨膜结构,仅有一段线粒体导肽。其二级结构主要以α-螺旋为主,无规则卷曲和延伸链构成了蛋白中量最大的结构元件,不含β-折叠。仿刺参SOD的氨基酸序列与目前已报道的其他物种如人、牛、斑马鱼、原鸡、非洲爪蟾、中国对虾、皱纹盘鲍、海湾扇贝、果蝇等的MnSOD氨基酸序列进行序列比对的结果表明,相似性均在61%～69%之间,说明该基因在各物种间具有一定的保守性。该段氨基酸序列无N-糖基化位点,含有3个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点,1个酪氨酸蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点,5个肉豆蔻酰基化位点,还发现了1个SOD家族的特征肽段DVWEHAYY。对磷...     

刺参耳状幼体体长遗传力的估计

基于全同胞组内相关法估计刺参(Apostichopusjaponicus Selenka)耳状幼体初中期体长的遗传力.实验中的30个亲参来自人工养殖的成体刺参群体,亲本交配采用巢式不平衡设计,通过人工授精技术,构建了8个半同胞家系和22个全同胞家系.在耳状幼体初期和中期,每个全同胞家系分别测定40～70个后代个体体长.利用SAS软件的GLM过程,计算表型变量的原因方差组分,估算体长遗传力.分析结果显示,雌性遗传方差组分均显著大于雄性遗传方差组分(P＜0.05),雌性遗传方差组分存在显著的母性效应(P＜0.05).基于父系半同胞组内相关法计算的狭义遗传力是刺参耳状幼体初中期体长狭义遗传力的无偏估计值,估计值分别为0.74和0.75.结果表明,基于刺参耳状幼体体长的加性遗传方差较大,选择育种对于刺参幼体早期生长的改良具有较大的潜力.[中国水产科学,2006,13(3):378-383]     

Sedimentation and sediment characteristics in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) culture ponds

Annual sedimentation, re-suspension rates and contents of particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate organic nitrogen (PON) and total phosphorus (TP) in the sediment were investigated in two sea cucumber culture ponds at Rongcheng, Shandong Province, China. The results showed that the average flux of total particulate matter in the ponds was 22.1 g m² d⁻¹. The average re-suspension rate of the sediment in the ponds was 81.7%. The re-suspension rates in spring and autumn were higher than those in summer and winter. The mean contents of POC, PON and TP in the sediment of the ponds were 4.4, 0.5 and 0.6 (mg g⁻¹), respectively, and the mean contents of Chlorophyll a (Chl a) and pheophytin in the sediment were 8.1 and 12.1 μg g⁻¹ respectively. The POC, PON and TP contents in the sediment of the ponds increased during the period of sea cucumber aestivation (summer) and hibernation (winter), while they decreased during the feeding periods. The organic matter accumulation rate and the contents of POC, PON, TP, Chl a and pheophytin in the sediment were even lower than those in the pond without sea cucumber (P<0.05). The results demonstrated that sea cucumber culture can effectively stop nutrient accumulation at the bottom of the cucumber culture ponds.     

5种海藻在刺参幼参饲料中的应用研究

本研究通过分析刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)幼参[(10.02±0.03) g]生长性能、体组成、肠道消化酶活性及非特异性免疫性能的变化,评价鼠尾藻(Sargassum thunbergii)、铜藻(Sargassaum horneri)、海带(Saccharina japonica)、海带渣、石莼(Ulva lactuca L.)及混合藻粉在刺参幼参养殖中的应用效果,在室内循环水系统中进行了为期56 d的养殖实验。结果显示,1) 鼠尾藻和混合藻粉组刺参的增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)极显著高于其他各藻粉组(P<0.01),海带渣组刺参的WGR和SGR最低,肠体比(IBR)和脏体比(VBR)均显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),藻粉对刺参存活率(SR)影响不显著(P>0.05);2) 不同藻粉对刺参体壁水分、粗灰分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪影响不显著(P>0.05);3) 鼠尾藻和混合藻粉组肠道胰蛋白酶活性极显著高于海带、海带渣和石莼组,海带渣组最低(P<0.01);藻粉对α-淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性无显著影响(P>0.05),但对刺参粪便的酸不溶性灰分具有极显著影响(P<0.01);4) 鼠尾藻组和混合藻粉组刺参肠道超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01),海带渣组丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01)。研究表明,在本实验条件下,综合考虑刺参的生长性能及非特异性免疫性能,添加任一海藻均未达到替代鼠尾藻的饲喂效果,但多种海藻混合添加,其生长性能及非特异性免疫性能与单独添加鼠尾藻效果一致。     

刺参南方度夏试验

选择刺参南方池塘养殖收获时的小规格个体,采用鲍鱼养殖池流水度夏,时间超过6个月。2年刺参度夏存活率分别为70.6%和89.1%;失重率为56.1%和61.8%。度夏后刺参再养殖约150天,成活率分别为94.9%和81.1%;增长率为10.5倍和13.6倍。     

仿刺参性别相关基因P450c17的克隆与序列分析

本研究克隆了仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)P450c17基因的全长cDNA,结果表明其cDNA的5′端UTR为256 bp,3′端UTR为250 bp,ORF为1 530 bp。在3′端有特殊序列ATTTA、终止密码子TAA和polyA加尾。其全长cDNA编码509个氨基酸的前体蛋白,预测蛋白分子量57.6 kD,理论等电点5.5。P450c17的氨基酸序列存在长度为25个氨基酸的信号肽,1个长度为22个氨基酸的跨膜区,1个糖基结合位点NHS,1个P450特有的结构域,其氨基酸序列具有明显的细胞色素P450基因家族的特征。结构域中亚铁血红素结合域中的精氨酸R和发挥活性所必须的半胱氨酸C都是保守的。这些结构组成了血红素结合环、质子传递槽和K螺旋及绝对保守EXXR基序。蛋白前体二级结构中无规则卷曲占41.22%,延伸链占12.77%,α–螺旋占46.01%,不含–折叠。氨基酸序列与其他物种氨基酸序列的同源性在35%～41%之间。系统进化树表明仿刺参与长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)及文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri)聚为一支,黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)、鲇(Clarias gariepinus)、日本鳗鲡(Anguillajaponica)及白斑角鲨(Squalus acanthias)聚为一支,三刺鱼(Gasterosteus aculeatus)、金眼门齿鲷(Stenotomus chrysops)、斑马鱼(Danio rerio)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)、牙鲆及青鳉(Fundulus heteroclitus)聚为一支。研究结果为进一步探讨仿刺参P450c17在性激素调控性别分化方面的功能提供参考。     

刺参一种囊膜病毒的分离及其超微结构观察

利用电镜负染技术检测发病的养殖刺参[Apostichopus japonicus（Selenka）]组织提取液。观察发现，提取液中存在大量病毒样粒子，该病毒粒子近似球形，具有囊膜。囊膜内可见高电子密度的核心结构。完整的病毒粒子直径为80～100nm，囊膜厚6～10nm，核心结构直径35-45nm，呈六边形。应用超薄切片技术对刺参的触手顶部、触手臂、疣足、呼吸树、背肠血管、肠等组织的病毒感染状况进行观察，发现该种病毒粒子大量存在于所检测各组织内。感染细胞超微结构表现为大量细胞器崩解形成空泡结构，并出现“髓袢样”结构等病理变化。根据观测结果，该病毒是一种无包涵体病毒。     

Assessment of bacterial communities in skin ulceration in cultured sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka)

International Aquatic Research - To determine changes in bacterial composition in skin ulcerations in farmed sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing of different...