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探究中华花鳅(Cobitis sinensis)的繁殖生物学特性,可为其人工增养殖和资源保护利用提供科学依据。2017年11月至2018年5月,在贵州境内舞阳河施秉段采集中华花鳅样本381尾,以鳞片作为年龄鉴定材料,将样本解剖后进行性别鉴定和性腺分期。结果表明,舞阳河中华花鳅体长(L)为58.9~100.2 mm,体重(W)为2.0~13.7 g,年龄在1~4龄。381尾样本中,性别不可辨样本有23尾,雄248尾,雌110尾,性腺发育至IV期最多。经肉眼观察发现,中华花鳅的精巢和卵巢均可分为6期,有70尾雌鱼性腺发育达到IV期,其绝对繁殖力(F)为542~2 865粒,体长相对繁殖力(FL)为6.6~28.6粒/mm,体重相对繁殖力(FW)为99.8~490.7粒/g;绝对繁殖力(F)、体长相对繁殖力(FL)均与体长(L)、体重(W)、净体重(W0)、性腺重(W1)、成熟系数(GSI)之间具有极显著相关性(P<0.01),体重相对繁殖力(FW)与性腺重(W1)、成熟系数(GSI)之间具有极显著相关性(P<0.01)。实地调查发现,中华花鳅的产卵场主要在砂质底质、水质清新、水流较缓、水草丰富的浅水区,繁殖期为5-8月,繁殖高峰期为5月中旬至6月上旬。研究显示,中华花鳅的繁殖力较低,繁殖高峰期时间较短,低龄化严重,亟需对其进行资源保护和系统研究。 相似文献
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头足类动物繁殖生物学研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对国内外头足类繁殖生物学的研究进展进行了综述.头足类软体动物都具有生殖洄游的现象,繁殖季节雌雄交配后,成熟精子暂时储存在雌体输卵管腺的纳精囊中,成熟卵子产出经过输卵管腺时完成受精作用,雌体在排卵后具有特殊的护卵行为.精子具有特殊的顶体和精核,分别呈螺旋锥体和细长圆筒状,阐述了它们的生物进化和系统分类中的作用;根据卵巢的形态变化,将其发育周期划分为4个时相.性腺既是生殖器官,又具有内分泌的功能,分泌的各种甾类激素具有明显的组织特异性,例如:孕酮、睾酮和17β-雌二醇.精巢中存在大分子精蛋白,并且不同种类的组蛋白氨基酸序列之间存在较大的差异. 相似文献
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青海湖裸鲤繁殖生物学研究 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
通过常规生物学测定、组织切片等手段,较详细的研究了青海湖裸鲤的繁殖生物学。卵母细胞从第3时相发育到第4时相基本同步,产后卵巢和精巢的组织学结构恢复到Ⅱ期。青海湖裸鲤为重复产卵类型,以Ⅳ期卵巢越冬,其卵巢1年只成熟1次,已达性成熟的个体并不是每年都进行繁殖活动。青海湖裸鲤性成熟迟、繁殖力低。每年5~7月,裸鲤洄游到沿湖各河流中繁殖,沙柳河、布哈河和黑马河3条河流为其主要产卵场。调查的繁殖群体总的性比(♂:♀)为1.66:1。总繁殖群体中,雄性个体最小体长130.0mm,体重28.0g,年龄4龄;雌性个体最小体长170.0mm,体重51.0g,年龄5龄。青海湖裸鲤性成熟群体的性体指标1年只有1个峰值,出现在繁殖盛期的6~7月。其平均成熟卵径为2.33mm,平均绝对繁殖力为4337.81粒,平均相对繁殖力为27.09粒/g。 相似文献
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对采自四川省广元市旺苍县东河的113尾中华花鳅的生长和繁殖生物学进行研究。结果显示,旺苍县东河的中华花鳅体长34.92~102.85 mm,体质量0.34~9.84 g,净体质量0.31~8.09 g。分为5个年龄组,以2~4龄个体为主。生长以3龄为分界,3龄前生长速度快,3龄后生长速度减慢。体长(m1)与体质量(L)呈幂函数关系:m1=0.00001215L2.896,r2=0.939,接近等速生长。肥满度<1,雌性和雄性的Fulton肥满度差异不显著,雄性略小于雌性;而除1龄的个体外,其他年龄的雄性Clark肥满度均略大于雌性。雌、雄性比为1∶1.69。雌、雄鱼最小性成熟年龄均为2龄。精子在蒸馏水中的平均寿命为14 s;随NaCl溶液质量分数的增大,中华花鳅精子平均寿命先增后减,在NaCl溶液质量分数为0.25%时寿命最长,达184 s。绝对繁殖力为427~4047粒/尾,平均1949.82粒/尾;相对繁殖力为107.56~566.09粒/g,平均356.07粒/g。6月中旬至8月中旬为产卵盛期。分批产卵,且各批次生殖力大致相同。受精卵为微黏性的沉性卵。 相似文献
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内刺盘管虫的性腺发育与生殖周期 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
内刺盘管虫的性腺发育可以分为增殖期,生长期、成熟排放期、衰退期、休止期5个阶段,内刺盘管虫1年1个生殖,7至8月为其繁殖盛期,水温是影响生殖周期的主要因子。 相似文献
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为了探讨斧文蛤(Meretrix lamarkii Deshayes)的繁殖规律和胚胎发育过程,自2012年1月至2013年1月,每月采集样品,采用组织学方法对浙南海区移养的斧文蛤性腺发育、生殖周期和性成熟率周年变化进行了研究,并结合室内人工育苗试验对其胚胎发育过程进行了显微观察。结果表明,该地区斧文蛤的性腺发育以1年为1个周期,可分为增殖期、生长期、成熟期、排放期和休止期5个时期,雌雄性比约为1:1,性腺发育时间基本同步,均始于2月,随着水温的升高而发育,大部分个体在6月至7月发育成熟,7月下旬至8月底是繁殖盛期,可用阴干加流水刺激方法诱导其排放精卵,受精卵在水温29℃、盐度28、p H 7.8~8.5条件下,经16~20 h孵化成D形幼虫,壳长为100~110μm,浮游幼虫经5~6 d培育进入匍匐幼虫期,壳长约200μm,最后发育变态为稚贝。本研究为斧文蛤的人工繁育、养殖开发以及种质资源保护提供了基础资料。 相似文献
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岩虫的性腺发育和生殖周期 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据性腺发育的组织切片观察,岩虫(Marphysa sanguinea)性腺发育可分为增生期、成熟期、排放期和休止期4个阶段。通过连续两年每月对岩虫性腺组织切片观察可以确定,在山东省乳山海区的岩虫性腺发育为1年1个周期。12月至翌年6月为增生期;7~8月为成熟期;7月下旬至8月为排放期;9~11月为休止期,其中7月下旬至8月中旬为繁殖盛期。岩虫的性腺起源于体腔腹面生殖上皮。生殖细胞发生时不出现滋养细胞。除休止期外,生殖细胞持续发生,成熟时多次排放。雄性生殖细胞形成合胞体(syncytium),精子为原始类型。雌性生殖细胞不形成合胞体,卵母细胞在发育的早期阶段,卵黄发生期问从卵巢(生殖上皮)排入体腔中,并在体腔中发育。卵细胞成熟时,有卵外膜,结构复杂。 相似文献
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应用组织学方法对浙南池塘养殖的文蛤的性腺发育、生殖周期和肥满度进行了周年变化的研究。结果表明,文蛤的性腺发育具有典型双壳贝类特征,性腺发育过程可分为增殖期、生长期、成熟期、排放期、休止期5个时期,并对上述5期的宏观肉眼观察特征及微观切片观察特征进行了描述。浙南池塘养殖的文蛤性腺发育过程以1年为1个周期,成熟排放期在5月下旬至8月中旬,水温21.8~31.0℃,繁殖盛期为6月下旬至7月下旬,水温为25.0~30.0℃。月平均肥满度最高为6月份的8.84%,最低为1月份的3.21%。论文还讨论了1龄文蛤性腺发育、文蛤性腺成熟和排放与积温的关系。 相似文献
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Minerva Maldonado-García Vicente Gracia-López Manuel Carrillo Agustín Hernández-Herrera & Carmen Rodríguez-Jaramillo 《Aquaculture Research》2005,36(6):554-563
The reproductive biology of the Blackfin snook Centropomus medius was studied to expand our current knowledge on its aquaculture potential. From April 2001 to November 2002, 301 females and 193 males were captured. A 1:1.6 (male:female) ratio was found. Gonadosomatic (GSI) and hepatosomatic (HSI) indices suggested that the spawning period (SP) extended from September to November, with peak spawning activity in September (GSI=0.98% and HSI=0.7%). The period of pre‐gametogenesis extended from January to June. During the post‐SP in December, 90% of oocytes were pre‐vitellogenic and 10% were atretic. Histological analysis of gonads (haematoxylin–eosin, Sudan black B, Alcian blue PAS, Cleveland Wolfe) showed five stages of oocyte development, each occurring at a characteristic range of oocyte diameters (μm): (I) pre‐vitellogenic (25–55); (II) cortical alveoli (56–250); (III) vitellogenic (251–340); (IV) maturation (341–645) and (V) atretic (21–100). Five reproductive stages were identified for testis morphology: (I) regressed; (II) early maturation; (III) mid‐maturation; (IV) full maturation and (V) regression. The type of ovarian development in C. medius was identified as a group synchronous. 相似文献
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2013年8月至2014年7月,采用组织学和实验生态学方法对钝缀锦蛤(Tapes conspersus)的性腺发育、生殖周期、肥满度、胚胎和幼虫发育进行了研究。结果显示,钝缀锦蛤性腺发育以1年为1个周期,性腺发育过程可分为增殖期、生长期、成熟期、排放期和休止期5个时期;繁殖期在每年10月至翌年3月,繁殖盛期为3月、10月和11月(水温20.3~24.6℃),分批产卵。8月肥满度最高,为33.43%;4月最低,为18.31%。钝缀锦蛤卵径为70~80μm;在水温24~26℃、盐度28~32条件下,受精卵经16 h左右发育为D形幼虫;初孵D形幼虫大小为90~110μm,浮游幼虫经7~8 d培育进入附着变态期,此时壳长为210~230μm,再经4~5 d发育变态为稚贝。本研究为钝缀锦蛤的人工繁育及种质资源保护和利用提供了基础资料。 相似文献
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Runhao HU;Wenjun SHI;Pan WANG;Xihe WAN;Hui SHEN;Hui LI;Libao WANG;Zeyu YANG;Xugan WU 《海洋渔业》2021,43(04):485-502
Palaemonoidea is one of the most important economic shrimps in China,belonging to Caridea,Decapoda,Crustacea. Reproductive biology mainly focuses on the information related to species reproduction,especially to shrimp artificial breeding. At present,Macrobrachium rosenbergii ,Macrobrachium nipponense and Exopalaemon carinicauda have been comprehensively studied and cultured on a large scale. There are still a large number of species to be explored in Palaemonoidea,such as Palaemon gravieri ,Macrobrachium hainanense ,Exopalaemon modestus and Exopalaemon annandalei ,etc. The purpose of this review is to understand the common and unique reproductive habits of species of Palaemonidae,and to compare the differences and similarities of reproductive habits between Penaeidae,Cambarus and Palaemonidae,as the results might provide a scientific basis for the follow-up study of species of Palaemonoidea. We found that shrimps of Palaemonoidea had a long reproductive period,usually from April to October,and there were usually more than one active reproductive period during the reproductive season. They were able to be sexually mature multiple times during the breeding period and participate in reproduction. And they had generally higher sex ratio(usually higher than 1),which ensured the ability of the groups to breed the next generation. In conclusion,the species of Palaemonoidea had strong fecundity. The female reproductive system of species of Palaemonoidea showed no obvious similarity,according to the existing research data. On the contrary,we found that the gonad structure of some species of Palaemonoidea was similar to that of other families. By summarizing and analyzing various viewpoints,we designed a method for the division of embryonic development period,which might be more reasonable and scientific. There were eight stages in the embryonic development of Palaemonoidea shrimp,which were fertilized egg stage,cleavage stage,blastocyst stage,gastrula stage,pre nauplius stage,post nauplius stage,pro zoea stage and intramembranous zoea stage. After eight periods of development,the larvae hatched from the mother. Due to the weak motility and predation ability of early larvae,the residual yolk was the main source of nutrition. Then the movement ability and predation ability of the larvae gradually formed and improved,and they could start to filter and feed on all kinds of algae. The whole development process was affected by many environmental factors,such as temperature,salinity and pH value. In addition,a variety of genes have been found to participate in the reproductive process of species of Palaemonoidea. Among these,genes related to gonadogenesis,sexual differentiation,development of embryo and larvae,molt,immunity process have been reported,and these genes play important roles in reproduction by affecting group sex ratio,survival rate and growth rate of embryo larvae. 相似文献
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赛里木湖高白鲑繁殖生物学特性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1999~2003年对赛里木湖高白鲑(Coregonus peled)繁殖生物学特性进行了研究,结果表明:雄性个体多在1^ 龄达到性成熟,为96.1%;雌性个体1^ 龄达到性成熟的为18.2%,其余多在2^ 龄达到性成熟。其繁殖期为12月下旬到第二年1月份,雄性从9月到第二年1月都有流精个体;雌性绝对怀卵量平均为133360粒,相对怀卵量平均为82粒/g,繁殖期平均卵径为1.70mm。其体长与繁殖力关系方程为:F=0.01401L^4.3948(r=0.857)。体重与繁殖力关系方程为:F=130.121W-64196(r=0.898)。本还系统地描述各期精巢和卵巢的形态结构、特征及周年变化。 相似文献