兔魏氏梭菌病的诠断及治疗

兔魏氏梭菌病又称魏氏梭菌性肠炎,是由A型或E型魏氏梭菌引起的,多发生于断乳后至成年的家兔。该病临床上以发病急、病程短、死亡率高,病兔排出灰褐色或黑色水样粪便,盲肠浆膜有出血斑和胃黏膜出血、溃疡为主要特征。近年来,该病的发生呈上升趋势。2010年1月,长治市兽医院接诊了一例以腹泻为主要症状的病例,确诊为魏氏梭菌病,采用消毒、     

兔魏氏梭菌病的诊断及治疗

兔魏氏梭菌病又称魏氏梭菌性肠炎,是由A型或E型魏氏梭菌引起的,多发生于断乳后至成年的家兔。该病临床上以发病急、病程短、死亡率高,病兔排出灰褐色或黑色水样粪便,盲肠浆膜有出血斑和胃黏膜出血、溃疡为主要特征。近年来,该病的发生呈上升趋势。2010年1月,长治市兽医院接诊了一例以腹泻为主要症状的病例,确诊为魏氏梭菌病,采用消毒、     

中西医结合治疗兔魏氏梭菌病

兔魏氏梭菌病是一种流行广泛的兔传染病,该病的发生常给养兔场或养殖户造成重大的经济损失。主要对中西医结合治疗兔魏氏梭菌病作一介绍,以期为广大养殖同仁有效治疗该病提供参考。     

兔腹泻性疾病防治

正常兔粪为豌豆大小的圆球形或椭圆形,内含草纤维,表面光滑匀整,呈褐色、黑色或草黄色.粪便不成型,稀软如泥,呈粥状或水样表明兔可能发生腹泻性疾病.临床上除大肠杆菌病、胃肠炎、魏氏梭菌病等可引起兔腹泻外,沙门菌病、泰泽氏病和球虫病等亦可引起兔腹泻.     

兔魏氏梭菌病的诊治

兔魏氏梭菌病是由A型魏氏梭菌产生的外毒素引起的兔肠毒血症,其特征为家兔发生急剧腹泻、脱水、死亡,是严重危害养兔业的传染病。本病一年四季均可发生,但多见于冬、春两季。该病传播途径主要经消化道或伤口感染。魏氏梭菌广泛存在于土壤、粪便、污水中,病兔及带菌兔的排泄物、含有本菌的土壤和水源均为该病的传染源,各年龄的兔均可感染,但以1～3月龄幼兔易感。     

兔大肠杆菌、沙门氏杆菌及球虫混合感染的诊断

兔大肠杆菌、沙门氏杆菌及球虫混合感染的诊断郑州牧专基础部４５００４５赵桢芬，轩庆丰１９９４年３月某兔场爆发疫病，综合鉴定结果为兔大肠杆菌、沙门氏杆菌及球虫混合感染所致。一发病情况某新建兔场有１１００只兔，仔兔断奶后均接种过兔瘟——巴氏杆菌——魏氏梭菌...     

家兔魏氏梭菌病的防制措施

(一)流行病学兔魏氏梭菌病又称兔魏氏梭菌性肠炎,是由a型魏氏梭菌所产生外毒素引起的肠毒血症。魏氏梭菌广泛存在于土壤、粪便和消化道中,因此寒冷、饲养不当以及饲喂过多精料时可诱发该病。长途运输、饲养管理不当、青饲料缺乏、饲料中粗纤维含量低、突然更换饲料饲喂劣质鱼粉、长期服用抗生素或磺胺类药物,气候突变等应激是该病发生的诱因。     

兔腹泻性疾病的防治

兔腹泻性疾病是指临床上具有腹泻症状的一类疾病,它主要表现是粪便不成球、稀软、呈粥状或水样粪便。腹泻病是家兔生产中危害最严重的疾病之一,对养兔业的健康发展影响很大。能引起兔腹泻的疾病很多,临床上常见的主要有大肠杆菌病、产气荚膜梭菌病、魏氏梭菌病、沙门菌病、泰泽氏病和球虫病等。对于该疾病的防治要掌握诊断要点,加强防控。     

一起兔流行性腹胀病的细菌分离和鉴定

本试验对一起兔流行性腹胀病病死兔进行细菌的分离和鉴定。结果显示:病死兔心脏、心包液、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏和淋巴结无菌;从胃内容物、小肠内容物和盲肠内容物中共分离到9株细菌,包括6株大肠杆菌、1株地衣芽孢杆菌、1株苏云金芽孢杆菌和1株蜡样芽孢杆菌。结果表明:细菌性因素可能是诱导兔流行性腹胀病发生的原因。试验结果为该病的进一步研究奠定基础。     

兔四种细菌性腹泻疾病的防治

<正>正常的兔粪便呈豌豆大小的圆球形或椭圆形,内含草纤维,表面光滑匀整,褐色、黑色或草黄色。凡是能引起粪便不成型、稀软如泥、粥状或水样稀薄的疾病,都是腹泻性疾病。临床上兔表现明显腹泻症状的传染病主要有大肠杆菌病、魏氏梭菌病、沙门菌病、泰泽氏病等。要注意鉴别诊断,采取有效治疗措施,降低死亡率。1 大肠杆菌病1.1 发病情况本病是由致病性大肠杆菌及其毒素引起的肠道传染病,一年四季均可发生,不分品种、性别、年龄,     

山东省部分地区兔大肠杆菌病发病特点与药敏试验分析

于2011年1月至2012年7月,自山东省潍坊、临沂、淄博、滨州等部分地区送检114份病死兔病例中,经细菌分离鉴定,共分离到45株大肠杆菌。对上述大肠杆菌发病病例及发病日龄分析发现,1~3月龄发病数量占到64.4%;通过对其他病原的分离鉴定发现,不同病例存在球虫、魏氏梭菌、巴氏杆菌、波氏杆菌、链球菌、兔瘟等混合感染问题,混合感染病例占总病例近50%;对分离菌进行了药敏试验,发现其存在不同程度的耐药情况,其中对复方新诺明耐药性高达95.6%,对环丙沙星、阿莫西林、庆大霉素、新霉素的耐药性比率超过60%,而且二重耐药、多重耐药的情况较为普遍。     

Infectious agents associated with epizootic rabbit enteropathy: isolation and attempts to reproduce the syndrome

Epizootic rabbit enteropathy (ERE), a highly lethal (30-80% mortality) disease of broiler rabbits aged 6-14 weeks, first appeared in 1997 in French intensive enclosed rabbitries and is of unknown aetiology. Bacteriological, virological and parasitical examination of the intestinal contents of rabbits that had died either in spontaneous field cases or after experimental reproduction of ERE, were undertaken in an attempt to identify infectious agents that may play a role in the disease. Two bacterial strains, Clostridium perfringens and non-enteropathogenic Escherichia coli were repeatedly isolated at high faecal counts from naturally infected animals. In field cases, a correlation between typical gross lesions of epizootic enteropathy and the presence of the alpha toxin of Cl. perfringens was observed (P<0.0001; Chi-squared test). Although attempts to reproduce the disease by inoculation with different pools of cultivable bacterial strains failed, the disease was successfully reproduced by inoculation with one French and two Belgian samples of caecal contents.     

丁酸梭菌对致病菌和有益菌的体外作用效果研究

试验研究了丁酸梭菌在体外对致病菌的抑制作用和对有益菌的增殖作用。将丁酸梭菌分别与大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、产气荚膜梭菌、乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌按不同的比例混合后进行培养,并与菌种单独培养进行比较。结果表明:培养36～48 h,联合培养组大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、产气荚膜梭菌菌数均显著低于单独培养组;菌数比例为(1～100)∶1至100∶1时,丁酸梭菌对沙门氏菌均有较强的抑菌作用;菌数比例为100∶1时,丁酸梭菌对大肠杆菌和产气荚膜梭菌抑菌作用较强;菌数比例为10∶1时,丁酸梭菌对乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌的增殖效果最好。联合培养8 h后,菌数比例为10∶1时,丁酸梭菌对双歧杆菌有显著的增殖效果。     

青岛地区兔源产气荚膜梭菌的分离鉴定及遗传多样性分析

兔的梭菌性肠炎是由产气荚膜梭菌感染引起的严重危害养兔业的一种疾病,为了更好地控制此病,本研究调查了青岛地区规模化兔场爆发此病时产气荚膜梭菌的毒素型及遗传多样性。2010年11月-2012年5月期间,采集青岛地区规模化养兔场疑似产气荚膜梭菌感染兔的肝脏进行产气荚膜梭菌的分离鉴定,采用Multiple—PCR方法对分离菌株进行毒素型分析,应用ERIC-PCR方法分析分离菌株的遗传多样性。共分离到25株产气荚膜梭菌,其中A型24株（96％）,C型1株（4％）。用ERIC—PCR方法将25株分离株分于9个聚类中,其中V型为主要流行型。结果表明：青岛地区规模化兔场中产气荚膜梭菌流行的毒素型主要为A型,且具有多种基因亚型,其中V型为主要流行型。此结果为该地区兔产气荚膜梭菌病的免疫和微生态防治提供了重要的参考依据。     

产气荚膜梭菌多重PCR定型方法的建立及其应用

建立了多重PCR检测产气荚膜梭菌α、β、ε和ι毒素基因的方法。该方法具有良好的特异性和敏感性,只有产气荚膜梭菌呈现阳性,被检验的其他梭菌以及大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌均为阴性;将肉汤菌液样品10倍系列稀释后进行检测,检测灵敏度达到1.2×104CFU/mL。收集40份牛粪便样品,进行PCR检测,32份样品中成功扩增出589 bp的α毒素基因片段,阳性率为80%。结果显示,建立的多重PCR检测方法可取代血清中和试验,用于产气荚膜梭菌分型,同时表明A型产气荚膜梭菌在当地奶牛场中较为普遍。     

The prevalence of Salmonella infections in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the United Arab Emirates.

One hundred and eighty-seven salmonella strains were isolated from 4006 samples collected from camels in the United Arab Emirates between 1987 and 1991. One hundred and sixty-five (4.3%) strains were isolated from 3801 faecal and 22 from 205 organ samples of 62 autopsied camels. In total, 28 different serotypes were identified with S. saintpaul being the most frequent (69), followed by S. frintrop (31) and S. hindmarsh (15). Salmonella typhimurium was isolated from only two faecal specimens. All salmonellas isolated from faecal samples originated from carrier camels, and those isolated from organs were secondary findings. The camels from which salmonella organisms were found died from diseases other than salmonellosis. Most of the S. saintpaul isolates originated from one herd suffering from Clostridium perfringens type A enterotoxaemia which suggests that salmonella infections may predispose camels to clostridial enterotoxaemias.     

Protection of the nursing pig against experimentally induced enteric colibacillosis by vaccination of dam with fimbrial antigens of E coli (K88, K99 and 987P)

Pregnant gilts were vaccinated with two doses of alhydrogel adsorbed fimbrial antigens of Escherichia coli (K88ab, K88ac, K99 and 987P) supplemented with beta toxoid of Clostridium perfringens type C. Their piglets, and piglets of nonvaccinated gilts, were subsequently orogastrically challenged with one or other of the four fimbrial types of enteropathogenic E coli. Some of the vaccinated animals were reinjected with a single dose of the vaccine during second gestation and their piglets, and piglets of non-vaccinated sows, were challenged the same way as were litters of gilts. Blood serum and colostra were examined for antibodies to the four fimbrial antigens of E coli and for antitoxin to beta toxin of C perfringens type C. It was found that: (1) a highly significant reduction in mortality and morbidity was achieved in vaccinated litters against all four challenge strains of E coli; (2) excretion of K88ab and K88ac but not of K99 and 987P challenge strains was significantly reduced; (3) revaccination of sows by a single dose of the vaccine during second gestation conferred complete protection against mortality and highly significant protection against morbidity; (4) no correlation was noted between colostral or seroagglutinins to fimbrial antigens of E coli and mortality rates in litters challenged with homologous fimbrial types of E coli, but good correlation was found between colostral precipitins to K88 antigens and mortality rates in litters; (5) antitoxin value in 97 per cent of colostrum of vaccinated sows was 10 iu equivalent of C perfringens type C toxin or more per ml of colostrum.     

产气荚膜梭菌α毒素C末端的三拷贝串联表达与免疫原性分析

本研究旨在获得产气荚膜梭菌α毒素（CPA） C末端（第247－370位氨基酸,CPA_C）三拷贝串联融合蛋白,并评价其免疫原性。对已知的A型产气荚膜梭菌CPA_C编码基因（GenBank登录号：AY823400.1）进行优化设计,以同向串连的方式串联成三拷贝基因（GCPA_C3）,片段之间用柔性氨基酸linker （GGGS）连接,经人工合成后克隆至原核表达载体pET-30a （＋）中进行表达与纯化,获得CPA_C的三拷贝重组蛋白（rCPA_C3）。利用Western blotting方法检测rCPA_C3与A型产气荚膜梭菌毒素抗血清的反应性。将rCPA_C3与Montanide ISA 201佐剂混合乳化制备疫苗,免疫4只健康家兔,检测一免及二免后兔血清的中和抗体效价。在二免21 d后,对家兔经耳缘静脉注射1个家兔最低致死剂量（MLD）的A型产气荚膜梭菌毒素,检测rCPA_C3对家兔的免疫保护效果。结果显示,rCPA_C3主要以包涵体的形式表达,且能与A型产气荚膜梭菌毒素抗血清反应;每毫升的一免抗血清可中和30~50个、二免抗血清可中和70~100个小鼠MLD的A型产气荚膜梭菌毒素。采用1个家兔MLD的A型产气荚膜梭菌毒素攻毒后,对照组家兔100%（4/4）死亡,免疫组得到了100%（4/4）的保护。以上结果说明,rCPA_C3具有良好的免疫原性,为A型产气荚膜梭菌病基因工程疫苗的研制提供了重要的试验数据。     

两种兔源肠致病性菌原生质体融合的耐药性遗传标记选择

在兔源肠致病性大肠杆菌WF-03-B3菌株和兔源A型魏氏梭菌XT-04-X5菌株原生质体融合的研究中,为了对融合子进行选择鉴定,在呼吸缺陷选择的基础上WF-03-B3菌株02r(氧气抗性);XT-04-X5菌株02s(氧气敏感性),再应用定性和定量药物敏感性试验,对两种菌原生质体融合的耐药性遗传标记进行了筛选.结果表明,WF-03-B3菌株对丁胺卡那霉素AKNs(丁胺卡那霉素敏感);XT-04-X5菌株对丁胺卡那霉素AKNr(丁胺卡那霉素抗性),在此基础上,测定了丁胺卡那霉素在选择培养基中的适用浓度。筛选出兔源肠致病性大肠杆菌WF-03-B3菌株的遗传标记为(AKNs,02r)和兔源A型魏氏梭菌XT-04-X5菌株的遗传标记为(AKNr,02s)。     

EMPHYSEMATOUS PYOMETRA IN A DOG

An 8-year-old intact female West Highland White Terrier was examined for anorexia, vomiting, abdominal distension, and mild purulent vulvar discharge. The results of physical examination, laboratory testing, and radiography are presented. Emphysematous pyometra was suspected and confirmed at surgery. Clostridium perfringens was isolated from the uterine lumen. A brief discussion of emphysematous pyometra is presented.