几种药剂对吐伦球坚蚧的毒力及田间防效

为确定防治吐伦球坚蚧效果好的药剂及最佳防治时机,对吐伦球坚蚧越冬、越夏若虫进行了室内毒力测定及田间防效试验.室内毒力测定结果表明,5％啶虫脒乳油对越冬、越夏若虫活性最高,LC50分别为31.268 mg/L和22.056mg/L.田间喷雾试验,14.6％噻虫嗪+9.4％高效氯氟氰菊酯悬浮剂对越夏若虫防效达99％以上.5％啶虫脒乳油对越冬若虫防效为98.76％.注干试验,25％噻虫嗪水分散粒剂200倍液和20％吡虫啉乳油50倍液注干15 d后,对涌散期若虫防效为90.46％和94.16％;对越夏固定期若虫防效为92.51％和82.57％.以5％啶虫脒乳油和20％吡虫啉乳油对越冬若虫进行喷雾,防治效果与防治时机最佳.     

杜英日本龟蜡蚧药剂防治试验

选用8种杀虫剂对遵义杜英日本龟蜡蚧进行防治试验。结果表明,分别于若虫孵化盛期和末期喷施40%啶虫·毒死蜱乳油1 600倍液、25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂2 500倍液、10%啶虫脒可湿性粉剂1 250倍液,第2次施药后10d防治效果分别为98.62%、97.59%和90.64%,显著高于其他处理。40%矿物油·毒死蜱乳油1 000倍液、70%吡虫啉水分散粒剂2 500倍液、24%螺虫乙酯悬浮剂1 500倍液防效次之,均在80%以上。     

3种杀虫剂喷雾和涂干法防治葡萄光滑足距小蠹

在越冬雌成虫出孔扩散期采用网罩葡萄树干的新方法,比较了高效氯氟氰菊酯、毒死蜱和其混剂(毒死蜱+氯氰菊酯)喷雾和涂干防治葡萄光滑足距小蠹的效果。结果表明,2.5%高效氯氟氰菊乳油2 500倍液喷雾和100倍液涂干、48%毒死蜱乳油1 000倍液喷雾和100倍液涂干、52.25%(毒死蜱+氯氰菊酯)乳油1 500倍液喷雾和100倍液涂干,于越冬雌成虫出孔期用药,1～7 d的防效均好,以52.25%(毒死蜱+氯氰菊酯)乳油100倍和细土涂干的效果最持久,持效期可达13 d。     

大棚杨梅柏牡蛎蚧发生规律及4种杀虫剂的防治效果

兰溪杨梅是农业农村部农产品地理标志产品, 随着大棚设施的普及, 以柏牡蛎蚧为主的介壳虫呈日益加重趋势。本研究在浙江兰溪大棚杨梅主产区调查了大棚和露天杨梅柏牡蛎蚧的发生规律, 并开展了化学防治试验。结果表明, 大棚与露天杨梅柏牡蛎蚧一年发生2代, 种群数量动态呈现双峰型。大棚杨梅柏牡蛎蚧发生高峰期为3月中旬至下旬, 相比于露天柏牡蛎蚧早一个半月左右。不同乡镇和不同栽培方式条件下杨梅柏牡蛎蚧虫口发生量均有显著差异, 4个乡镇街道大棚杨梅柏牡蛎蚧平均每叶虫量是露天的5倍之多, 其中马涧镇杨梅受害最为严重。药效试验结果表明, 20%螺虫·呋虫胺悬浮剂(SC) 2 000倍液药后15 d和30 d平均药效分别为90.5%和94.4%, 防治效果最好, 20%螺虫·呋虫胺SC 2 500倍液及3 000倍液、95%矿物油乳油(EC) 50倍液和20%松脂酸钠可溶性粉剂(SP) 200倍液30 d药效均在85%上, 显著优于65%噻嗪酮可湿性粉剂(WP) 2 500倍液。建议果农在杨梅柏牡蛎蚧卵孵化高峰期选择矿物油或松脂酸钠进行防治, 目前螺虫·呋虫胺还未在杨梅上登记, 待进一步测试并登记后, 可在实际生产上推广应用。     

石榴常见害虫的发生与防治

为害石榴的害虫种类较多 ,我国有 2 0 0多种 ,常见的有以下几种 :1　日本龟蜡蚧俗称蚧壳虫 ,属同翅目蜡蚧科 ,以若虫固着在叶片或新梢上吸食汁液 ,并分泌粘液 ,诱发煤污病 ,影响光合作用 ,使树势衰弱 ,引起大量落叶、落果 ,严重时可致绝产甚至全树枯死。1.1　防治方法1.1.1　药剂防治　若虫孵化后至蜡壳形成前是药剂防治的有利时机 ;生产上 ,可在若虫孵化期用 2 5 %亚胺硫磷 80 0～ 10 0 0倍液、5 0 %马拉硫磷 10 0 0～15 0 0倍液、5 0 %西维因可湿性粉剂 4 0 0～ 5 0 0倍液或5 0 %敌敌畏乳油 80 0～ 10 0 0倍液 ,每隔 7～ 10ｄ喷 1次 ,连喷…     

农地乐防治梨树康氏粉蚧药效及安全性试验

52.25%毒·氯EC(商品名称农地乐,下称;EC为乳油)对鸭梨的安全有效使用浓度为1000～2000倍液;防治康氏粉蚧,用1000～2000倍液,药后5d的防效高达96.11%～100%,持效期15d以上。     

苹果树球坚蚧、梨圆蚧识别与防治

近年来 ,三门峡市春季球坚蚧发生为害严重 ,削弱树势 ,影响春梢生长 ,秋季梨圆蚧发生为害严重 ,果面红斑累累 ,商品价值下降。1　球坚蚧 (朝鲜球坚蚧、日本球坚蚧 )、梨圆蚧的识别球坚蚧等 3种蚧壳虫的识别见表 1。2　防治方法介壳虫因有较厚的蜡质保护 ,难以防治 ,必须抓住两个关键时期进行防治 ,才能取得较为理想的效果。一是 3月中旬 ,越冬若虫开始活动之时 ,二是 5月中、下旬卵孵盛期 ,至二龄若虫固定分泌蜡质之前。1 )人工防治 :冬季剪除有虫枝条 ,或刷除越冬幼虫 ,或雌成虫产卵以前刮除虫体。2 )保护天敌 :梨圆蚧天敌有 50多种。捕食…     

应用阿维菌素防治柿绒粉蚧、日本蜡蚧试验

柿绒粉蚧、龟蜡蚧是柿树上重要害虫 ,用18%爱福丁500～2000倍液防治柿绒粉蚧初孵若虫 ,防效为82.4%～95.9% ;1000～2000倍液防治龟蜡蚧初孵若虫效果为 95.7%～99.6%。用 0.3%菜虫立灭800～2000倍液防治龟蜡蚧初孵若虫 ,防治效果达 83.3%～100.0%。     

新疆枣园枣大球蚧的药剂防治试验

选择生产中防治介壳虫的常用药剂,对新疆红枣园中的枣大球蚧进行防治试验。比较各处理的防治效果,发现40%杀扑磷乳油800倍液、480 g/L毒死蜱乳油1 000倍液和480 g/L毒死蜱乳油+10%啶虫脒乳油1000倍液混用这3个处理对该虫的防效较好,药后15 d防效分别达98.21%、96.00%和95.23%。结合南疆枣园生产实践提出压低虫源基数、保护早春天敌、适时化学防治等综防策略。     

柑橘红蜡蚧若蚧孵化情况及药剂防效调查

室内观察了上海地区柑橘红蜡蚧若蚧孵化特点,并通过田间试验调查药剂防效。结果表明,柑橘红蜡蚧若蚧5月下旬开始孵化,6月上、中旬为孵化高峰期。雌成虫有效卵孵化量达412.72~916.10粒/头。供试药剂中,20%啶虫脒可湿性粉剂2 500倍液,95%矿物油乳油200倍液和22.4%螺虫乙酯悬浮剂4 000倍液,药后10 d防效均在98%以上。     

99%矿物油乳油(绿颖)防治茶橙瘿螨药效试验研究

1地连续2年的药效试验表明，99％矿物油乳油施药后3d对茶橙瘿螨效果较明显，50、150倍液防效均超过80％，250倍液防效为73．6％，施药后7、14、21d，2种较高剂量的99％矿物油乳油防效均超过80％．最高达97％以上。在推荐施用浓度范围内，药效高，持效性好．对茶树和天敌生物无不良影响。     

Paraquat, diesel oil and kerosene for ratoon clearing of pineapple

Three chemical methods of clearing pineapple ratoons were compared with the traditional method of cutting and burning after the plants have dried. The best chemical treatment was paraquat at 0.84 kg ha^?1 which gave full scorching at leaves on 92% of plants so that they could be easily burnt 3 weeks after treatment. Plants sprayed with diesel oil or kerosene at 570 1 ha^?1 could be satisfactorily burnt after 9 weeks compared with 12 weeks required for satisfactory burning with the traditional method.     

农药复配制剂中柴油的两种分析方法比较

本文论述了使用毛细管柱和ＦＩＤ检测器,采用气相色谱程序升温法对柴油进行分析,与磺化法相比,两种方法的标准偏差分别为０．０２６和１．１９,变异系数分别为０．０７５％和４．５３％,回收率分别为９８．０％￣１０２．８％和１１４．２％￣１３４．４％,气谱法比磺化法更准确可靠。     

Determination of oil,emulsifier and polymer or salt content of spray adjuvants

A method for the separation of the oil, emulsifier and polymer or salt fractions of adjuvants is described. The adjuvant is dissolved in 90% aqueous ethanol and filtered to remove polymers or salt. Light petroleum (distillation range 30–40°C) is added to the solution in a separating funnel. The light petroleum fraction is subsequently extracted with successive aliquots of 80, 70, 60 and 50% aqueous ethanol. The whole of the ethanol and light petroleum fractions are evaporated to dryness to yield the emulsifier and oil fractions respectively. Emulsifier, oil and polymer or salt are determined gravimetrically. The method successfully detected the presence of polymer or salt in adjuvants, but could not distinguish between them when both were present in the same product. The adjuvants could be classified into four broad classes; those containing > 70% emulsifier (wetter-spreaders), those containing > 75% oil (anti-evaporants), those containing a high proportion of polymer (film-forming substances), and those containing comparable amounts of all three components (multi-purpose adjuvants).     

Organophosphorus insecticide residues in virgin Greek olive oil, 1988–1990

Organophosphorus insecticide residues have been monitored for two years in virgin olive oil after dimethoate and fenthion treatments to control the olive fruit fly. No dimethoate residues were detected in any of the samples. For the first and second years, 50% and 21%, respectively, of the samples contained no detectable fenthion residues, while 4% and 6%, respectively had residue concentrations exceeding the Codex Alimentarious Maximum Residue Limit (1 mg kg^?1). The mean concentration was 0·236 mg kg^?1 oil and the estimated daily intake of fenthion 0·0002 mg kg^?1 body weight (Acceptable Daily Intake 0·001 mg kg^?1 body weight). The parent compound was the most important residue in fresh samples, while aged samples contained a higher amount of the metabolite fenthion sulfoxide. The contribution of the oxygen analogues (P= 0 metabolites) of fenthion to the total residue concentration was<5% in most cases.     

不同水分处理对胡麻干物质积累与分配及水分利用效率的影响

在大田试验条件下,以陇亚杂1号为材料,设置不灌水(CK)、分茎水80 mm(T1)、分茎水60 mm+盛花水40 mm(T2)、分茎水80 mm+盛花水40 mm(T3)、分茎水60 mm+现蕾水40 mm+盛花水40 mm(T4)5个处理,研究了不同水分处理对胡麻干物质积累与分配、籽粒产量及其水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,灌水处理显著提高开花后干物质的积累量和开花后干物质积累量对籽粒的贡献率,以T2处理最高,分别增加了91.37%、45.09%;灌水量过多显著减少光合产量向籽粒的分配,使籽粒产量降低;随灌水量增加,胡麻全生育期耗水量显著增大,籽粒产量先升高后降低,灌水利用效率显著降低;T2处理的产量和水分利用效率显著高于其他处理,分别比CK增加了40.72%、11.71%。综合考虑胡麻的籽粒产量和水分利用效率,T2处理为本试验条件下高产节水的最佳灌水处理。     

Promotion of growth, health and stress tolerance of Styrian oil pumpkins by bacterial endophytes

Substantial yield losses of Styrian oil pumpkin caused by the fungus Didymella bryoniae and bacterial pathogens were recently reported. Here we applied bacterial endophytes with a broad antagonistic activity to pumpkin plants by seed priming. Effects of the bacterial inoculants with and without chemical seed treatments on plant growth and health were evaluated during three different field trials in two consecutive years (2010 and 2011). Biological seed treatments strongly supported the germination of pumpkin seeds. In 2010, the germination of the biologically treated seeds was comparable to the rate following a chemical treatment; whilst in 2011 effects of biological seed treatments were more obvious, including an increased emergence rate up to 109?% by Serratia plymuthica S13. Furthermore, tolerance against desiccation stress was observed for Serratia as well as for Lysobacter gummosus L101 treatment. The biological treatment showed different effects against fungal diseases: no effect on fruit rot was observed, whereas powdery mildew could be significantly suppressed by Paenibacillus polymyxa PB71 and L. gummosus L101 in 2010. In addition, both strains led to reproducible increases in harvest yields. In this study, we found bacterial endophytes suitable as inoculants for plant growth promotion, biocontrol, as well as for enhancing stress tolerance in Styrian oil pumpkins.