2010年我国通过审定的水稻品种产量和品质性状分析

以2009年和2008年我国审定通过的水稻品种（组合）为对照,对2010年我国审（认）定通过的523个水稻品种（组合）产量、米质等性状进行比较分析,以了解2010年我国在水稻新品种（组合）选育工作上取得的主要成就。     

水稻新品种武运粳24号引种栽培

武运粳24号（原名泰粳394）是由我国著名的水稻育种专家钮中一先生以“农垦57×桂化黄／／9746”（早熟株）育成的迟熟中粳水稻品种。2006年参加江苏省水稻品种预备试验,2007—2008年参加江苏省水稻区域试验,2009年参加江苏省迟熟中粳生产试验,2010年通过江苏省水稻新品种审定,审定编号为苏审稻201009.     

我国两系杂交水稻发展的现状和建议

 我国两系杂交水稻发展迅猛,截止到2010年年底,共有427个两系杂交组合通过了省级或国家新品种审定,其中通过国家新品种审定的品种有62个。2005年至2011年,农业部冠名“超级稻”的83个品种中,两系杂交水稻占17个。据农业部全国农作物主要品种推广情况统计表的统计资料,1993年到2009年共有121个两系组合年推广面积达到或者超过6 700 hm2,累计推广面积达到2097.4万hm2(3.15亿亩)。2002年两优培九的推广面积达到82.5万hm2,荣登全国杂交水稻推广面积的榜首。此后7年,两系杂交水稻组合的种植面积6次位居第一,1次位居第二。目前两系杂交水稻占全国杂交水稻总面积的20%左右,已经成为我国水稻生产中不可或缺的类型,在保障粮食安全中发挥了重要作用。介绍了我国两系杂交水稻的现状,分析了存在的主要问题,提出了进一步发展的建议。     

两优航2号

<正>闽审稻2008024两优航2号是由福建省农业科学院水稻研究所育成的两系杂交水稻组合,先后通过湖南省品种审定(2006年)、福建省品种审定(2008年)和云南省红河州(2008年),文山州(2009年)品种审定。该组合已授权中种集团福建农嘉种业股份有限公司独家生产、经营。适宜作单季稻和中晚稻种植,因其丰产性、稳产性好,生育期适中,米质较优,推广面积正逐年扩大。     

优质水稻恢复系渝恢2103的选育与应用

渝恢2103是重庆市农业科学院渝优水稻团队以国际水稻所资源IR9129的变异单株为亲本,采用花药培养与常规育种技术相结合的方法培育而成的一个综合性状优良的香稻恢复系,具有米质优、稻瘟病抗性较强、恢复力强、配合力好等优点,于2009年通过重庆市品种审定委员会鉴定。配组的杂交水稻品种渝香203先后于2006,2008,2008和2009年通过了重庆、贵州、陕西和江西等省级品种审定,并于2010年通过国家品种审定。2011年开始连续6 a被推荐为重庆市推广的水稻主导品种。     

中熟中粳水稻品种示范总结

扩粳压籼已成为睢宁水稻种植的必然趋势,我们从适宜苏北稻区种植的粳稻品种中筛选出8个中熟中粳品种(品系)进行对比示范种植,以期筛选出适宜睢宁县不同稻作方式推广种植的粳稻品种,通过2009年示范达到了预期目的。     

国际水稻研究所水稻育种的经验

国际水稻研究所(IRRI)于1960年成立,它是目前世界上唯一的国际水稻研究机构。水稻育种一直是该所工作重点之一。建所后的第二年,就开始从世界各国征集水稻种质资源。接着在1962年,利用我国水稻品种低脚乌尖(Dee-Geo-Woo-Gen)与印度尼西亚水稻品种皮泰(Peta)杂交,于1966年育成了世界有名的“奇迹稻”品种IR8。迄今为止,国际水稻研究所已培育出了一系列以国际稻(IR)命名的水稻新     

优质高产抗逆水稻九稻67号

九稻67号是吉林市农科院水稻所育成的集早熟、优质、高产、抗逆性强于一体的水稻新品种，2009年1月通过吉林省农作物品种审定委员会审定，审定编号：吉审稻2009007。2009年吉林省水稻生产受稻瘟病、低温冷害影响严重，该品种大面积生产表现突出，得到稻农和企业的一致好评。     

近5年浙江省审定品种及其产量分析

综合介绍了浙江省2005～2009年通过审定的水稻品种,分析了这些品种的产量和性状的变化情况。     

湖北省历年审（认）定水稻品种分析

通过全面总结湖北省水稻育种成果,为湖北省水稻育种提供参考,对1985—2019年共35 a湖北省审(认)定的水稻品种进行了统计,对2000—2019年共20 a湖北审(认)定的407个水稻品种的产量及其构成因子、品质和抗性进行了分析。结果表明,1985—2019年湖北省审(认)定水稻品种514个,生产上大面积推广品种331个;2000—2019年湖北审(认)定水稻品种的单产稳步提高,稻瘟病和白叶枯病抗性得到改良,食味品质得到改善,但加工品质和外观品质没有明显改观,其中外观品质近5 a甚至有所下降。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.