夹竹桃（Nerium indicum）皂甙对鲫鱼（Carassius auratus）幼鱼的影响

为了评价夹竹桃皂甙对非靶标生物的潜在危害,采用半静态法研究了不同浓度(0、5.89、20.12mg·L-1和80.76mg·L-1)的夹竹桃皂甙对鲫鱼幼苗的死亡情况、特定生长率、糖原、蛋白质含量、SOD酶活性和微核率的影响。结果表明,当夹竹桃皂甙处理浓度≤20.12mg·L-1时,处理组的鲫鱼在试验期间无死亡;而在80.76mg·L-1皂甙的处理下,鲫鱼5d后全部死亡。当皂甙染毒浓度达20.12mg·L-1时,随处理时间的增加,特定生长率、糖原和蛋白质含量逐渐下降,而SOD活性先上升后下降;在清水中恢复饲养7d后,鲫鱼幼苗特定生长率和SOD活性受到的抑制作用逐渐减弱,糖原和蛋白含量恢复至与对照组相比无显著差异。此外,微核试验表明夹竹桃皂甙对鲫鱼幼苗的微核率无影响。研究结果表明,夹竹桃皂甙对鲫鱼的毒性属低等毒性且未发现遗传毒性,但高浓度的皂甙能影响鲫鱼幼鱼的正常生理代谢,导致生长受到抑制,严重时可致其死亡。     

梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron（C.A.Mey.）Bunge）物候期的观察

梭梭是我国西北荒漠半荒漠地区的珍稀植物。通过对生长在内蒙古自治区阿拉善盟的天然梭梭林连续三年的观察测定,将其物侯期划分为萌动期、营养枝扩展期、开花期、果实成熟期和营养枝脱落期五个主要物侯期。对各个时期梭梭的形态特征进行了较为详尽的描述,对这种适应荒漠半荒漠地区生长的独特物种表现的生物学特性和生态适应性进行了分析与阐述。     

鹅观草（Roegneria C.Koch）与普通小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）...

在小麦及其亲缘属物种中进行赤霉病（Fusarium graminearum Schw.）抗性鉴定的结果表明，纤毛鹅观草[Roegneria ciliaris Trin （Nevski）（Agropyron ciliare Franchet，2n=28，SSYY]和鹅观草[R. Kamoji Ohwi （Agropyron tsukushiense（Honda）Ohwi var. Transiens （Hack.）Ohwi，2n=42，SSHHYY]是迄今为止筛选出的对赤霉病抗性最高的物种。为将这一抗性转移到普通小麦中去，进行了它们与普通小麦的属间杂交。运用杂种幼胚培养技术，成功地获得了纤毛鹅观草（♀）×普通小麦品种中国春（♂）、中国春（♀）×鹅观草（♂）以及鹅观草（♀）×中国春（♂）3个组合的属间杂种，其中后两个组合为迄今首次成功的报道。根尖细胞染色体计数表明前两个组合F#-1均具有预期的染色体数（分别为2n=35和2n=42），而在鹅观草（♀）×中国春（♂）F#-1中，除2n=42的预期类型外，还发现有2n=63的异常类型。预期类型F#-1形态均呈中间型，2n=63异常类型偏向于中国春。所有 F#-1均完全雄性不育。离体鉴定表明它们对赤霉病仍然表现高抗。花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ平均染色体配对构型分别为：（纤毛鹅观草×中国春）F#-1，30.47Ⅰ+2.22Ⅱ+0.01Ⅲ；（中国春×鹅观草）F#-1，39.82Ⅰ+1.09Ⅱ；（鹅观草×中国春）F#-1预期类型（2n=42），39.76Ⅰ+1.09Ⅱ+0.10Ⅲ；异常类型（2n=63），27.11Ⅰ+17.63Ⅱ+0.09Ⅲ+0.08Ⅳ。用中国春回交，所有F#-1均获得了回交后代。     

变叶海棠（M.toringoides（Rehd.）Hughes）无融合生殖胚胎发育…

对３Ｘ变叶海棠无融合生殖作了胚胎学观察。其无融合生殖谋划 体细胞无也子生殖，胚胎发育具胚囊的复合性，起源空间多位性，发生时间的持续性与滞后性。药粉败育，无融合生殖的结果大多种子败育或早期退化。     

Identification of QTLs for Starch Content in Sweetpotato （Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam.）

Sweetpotato （Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam.） breeding is challenging due to its genetic complexity. In the present study, interval mapping （IM） and multiple quantitative trait locus （QTL） model （MQM） analysis were used to identify QTLs for starch content with a mapping population consisting of 202 F1 individuals of a cross between Xushu 18, a cultivar susceptible to stem nematodes, with high yield and moderate starch, and Xu 781, which is resistant to stem nematodes, has low yield and high starch content. Six QTLs for starch content were mapped on six linkage groups of the Xu 781 map, explaining 9.1-38.8% of the variation. Especially, one of them, DMFN 4, accounted for 38.8% of starch content variation, which is the QTL that explains the highest phenotypic variation detected to date in sweetpotato. All of the six QTLs had a positive effect on the variation of the starch content, which indicated the inheritance derived from the parent Xu 781. Two QTLs for starch content were detected on two linkage groups of the Xushu 18 map, explaining 14.3 and 16.1% of the variation, respectively. They had a negative effect on the variation, indicating the inheritance derived from Xu 781. Seven of eight QTLs were co-localized with a single marker. This is the first report on the development of QTLs co-localized with a single marker in sweetpotato. These QTLs and their co-localized markers may be used in marker-assisted breeding for the starch content of sweetpotato.     

炭疽菌属（Colletotrichum Cda）分类学研究：尾孢炭疽菌（C.caudatum（Sacc.）

本文报道了河北省炭疽菌属（Colletotrichum Cda)一新记录种——寄生于白茅（Imperata cy lindrica(L.)Rauv.)上的尾孢炭疽菌（C.caudatum(Sacc.)Peck)。文中对种的分类学历史，培养性状和形态学特征，地理分布进行了描述。     

Agrobacterium-Mediated Transfer of Arabidopsis ICE1 Gene into Lemon （Citrus Limon （L.） Burm. F. cv. Eureka）

The Arabidopsis ICEI （inducer of CBF expression 1） gene was cloned through RT-PCR of Arabidopsis cDNAs and introduced into the lemon （Citrus Limon （L.） Burm. F. cv. Eureka） genome using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. Epicotyl segments from in vitro grown lemon seedlings were co-cultivated with A. tumefaciens strain EHA 105 carrying the binary plasmid pMVICE1, whose T-DNA region contain ICEI gene driven by 35S CaMV promoter. Among 320 epicotyl segments inoculated, 71 explants responded and regenerated 51 elongated shoots. These shoots were subjected to an extra month of kanamycin exposure. In this way, the number of escapes reduced. Thirteen of 31 survived shoots formed roots and 7 were tested positive using PCR technique. Southern blot analyses confirmed PCR results and demonstrated that more than two copies of the ICE1 gene were integrated into the lemon genome.     

小杆线虫Rhabditis（Oscheius）sp.生物学特性测定（摘要）

[目的]对从内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔盟海拉尔市苜蓿根际土壤中分离出的小杆线虫（Rhabditis（Oscheius）sp.）的生物学特性进行测定。[方法]以大蜡螟（Galleria mellonella）和黄粉甲（Tenebrio molitor）老熟幼虫为寄主,测定小杆线虫的侵染力;以水浴方法测定小杆线虫的耐热能力。[结果]小杆线虫在10、20和40 IJ/s虫的剂量下侵染力较低;但在80、160、320和640 IJs/虫的剂量下侵染力较高,侵染大蜡螟96 h、侵染黄粉甲120 h的校正死亡率均达90%以上;在80 IJs/虫的剂量下侵染力最高,侵染120 h,寄主的校正死亡率达100%。在所测试的较高剂量下,小杆线虫对黄粉虫的侵染效果低于对大蜡螟的侵染效果。侵染大蜡螟达到90%上校正死亡率的侵染效果需96 h,而侵染黄粉虫达到同样的效果则需120 h。浓度1 000～5 000 IJ/ml的小杆线虫在36℃条件下水浴2 d,有25%左右的个体存活,水浴6 d,仍有3%～9%的个体存活,至第9天,线虫个体全部死亡;在38℃下水浴6h、40℃下水浴2 h,线虫个体全部死亡。[结论]小杆线虫具有较强的侵染力和耐热能力,具有开发应用潜能。     

向日葵（H. annuus. L）染色体核型分析

本试验通过对向日葵品种的染色体核型分析,得出2n=34=24m+6Sm(4SAT)+4St(4SAT)的结果。同已报道的某些向日葵品种染色体核型相比,最显著的差异表现在随体染色体数目上,本试验首次发现向日葵有4对染色体带有随体。     

Monosomic Addition Lines of Flowering Chinese Cabbage （B. campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. parachinensis L. H. Bailey）-Chinese Kale （B. oleracea L. var. alboglabra L. H. Bailey）

Interspecific alien addition lines have played significant roles in gene mapping, intergenomic gene transfer and chromosomal homoeological identification between closely related species. Selection of alien addition lines was conducted by karyotype analysis and morphological observation with the reference of parents. Triploid interspecies hybrid （AAC, 2n = 3x = 29） was obtained from Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. parachinensis Qinglu 9601 （tetraploid, AAAA, 2n = 4x = 40） x B. oleracea var. alboglabra Baihua 9705 （diploid, CC, 2n = 2x = 18） by immature hybrid embryo culture in vitro. Five different alien monosomic addition lines （AA ＋ C2, AA ＋ C3, AA ＋ C4, AA ＋ C6, AA ＋ C7） were obtained from the backcross progenies of AAC x AA. Each alien monosomic addition line has some specific morphological characters. It is feasible to obtain alien addition lines from the progenies of AAC × AA by karyotype analysis and morphological observation based on the reference of parents     

欧洲甜樱桃（Ceraus avium（L.）Moench）花芽分化的研究

欧洲甜樱桃 (Ｃｅｒａｕｓａｖｉｕｍ (Ｌ )Ｍｏｅｎｃｈ) ,俗称大樱桃 ,是北方成熟最早的落叶果树 ,素有“春果第一枝”的美誉〔1〕。它全身是宝 ,是栽培价值极高的果树。花芽是决定果树产量的主要因素 ,研究花芽分化规律是正确制定栽培技术的重要理论依据 ,有关大樱桃花芽分化规律 ,除姚宜轩〔2〕和Ｇｕｉｍｏｎｄ ,Ｃ Ｍ〔3〕报道过之外 ,其他未见报导。为此 ,我们对乌克兰大樱桃品种早红宝石在泰安地区的花芽形态分化进行了研究 ,以便进一步制定合理的增产措施、控制生长发育、达到稳产高产提供理论依据。1　材料与方法1 1　材料试验于…     

man草（Beckmannia syzigachne（Steud.）Fernald）生态位的研究

测定浙江省诸暨市无除草剂使用历史的稻茬油菜田中man草和其他常见杂草生态位宽度以及它们之间生态位重叠值的结果表明，看麦娘、man草、早熟禾、春蓼、雀舌草、石龙黄、荞菜、碎米荠、通泉草、猪殃殃和稻槎菜等12种主要杂草均其有较宽的生态位。man草与雀舌草、看麦娘、牛繁缕、早熟禾、春蓼和稻槎菜等杂草的生态位重叠值比较大，说明它们对环境条件的要求比较接近。     

陆地棉（G.hirsutum L.）与异常棉（G.anomalum Wawr.&Peyr.）种间杂种的研究及其在育种上的应用

陆地棉（G.hirsutum 2n=52）×异常棉（G.anomalum 2n=26）F#-1染色体2n=3X=39,平均染色体构型为27.82Ⅰ＋5.27Ⅱ＋0.18Ⅲ＋0.03Ⅳ。F#-1直接与陆地棉回交,得到BC#-（1）F#-1。通过2-4次回交,经多年选育,得到许多宝贵的新种质。除已选育出综合性状好,早熟、高产、高抗枯萎病（或抗枯耐黄）、优质的新品系外,并得到一些超级长绒株系,2.5%跨距长度35.1-38.6mm,强度27.0-32.8gf/tex,麦克隆值4.8-3.1,为选育超级长绒棉提供了材料。