赤水河下游紫色土不同形态钾含量与地形要素及毛竹林植物多样性指数的关系

研究了赤水河下游紫色土不同形态钾含量与地形要素及毛竹林植物多样性指数的相关规律。结果表明:1)紫色土不同形态钾含量在毛竹林不同类型及土层间差异不显著,随土层厚度增加,全钾含量增加、速效钾含量降低。全钾含量与土壤主要物理指标相关性不显著,速效钾含量与A (B)层土壤密度及孔隙度相关性显著,不同形态钾含量与不同土层土壤阳离子交换量、以及表层土壤有机质含量、全氮含量及有效磷含量相关性显著。2)毛竹林乔木层植物Margalef指数、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou指数值随毛竹重要值降低而增加,灌木及草本层植物多样性指数值变化的趋势性各异。不同层内植物多样性指数相关性显著,不同层间植物Margalef指数、乔木和灌木层植物Simpson指数相关性显著。3)不同土层土壤全钾含量与乔木及草本植物多样性因子相关性显著,速效钾含量与地形及草本植物多样性因子相关性显著。土壤全钾含量与毛竹林乔木、灌木及草本层植物多样性指数间相关显著的直线和二次多项式指标对数量分别为50.00%、50.00%,土壤速效钾含量的相应值为13.89%、44.44%,表明土壤不同形态钾含量与植物多样性指数关系存在无关型、直线型和曲线型3种类型,印证了毛竹林植物多样性的土壤生态功能多样性。     

田头山市级自然保护区次生林与人工林植物多样性-土壤养分相关性研究

以深圳市田头山市级自然保护区次生林和人工林的植物多样性特征与土壤养分特征及其相关性为研究目标。结果表明：田头山市级自然保护区次生林的土壤养分储量均显著高于人工林,但次生林植被的优势度指数(D)和均匀度指数(E)显著低于人工林。Pearson 相关性分析表明土壤有效磷含量与乔木层均匀度指数(E)显著负相关,与灌木层的多样性指数(H′)、优势度指数(S)、均匀度指数(E)均显著负相关,其余土壤养分与植物多样性指数无显著相关性。综上可知,次生林土壤肥力佳且植被优势种特征明显,植被灌木层植被受土壤有效磷含量的影响最大。     

紫色土主要肥力指标和地形要素及毛竹林植物多样性指数的关系

植物多样性的土壤生态功能是生态学研究的热点之一,分析紫色土主要肥力指标和地形要素及毛竹林植物多样性指数的关系可为通过植物多样性路径维护林地肥力提供理论依据与决策参考。在赤水河下游采用野外样地调查和实验室样品分析相结合的方法研究43个紫色土-毛竹林样地的结果表明:(1)依据乔木层物种重要值可将调查样地划分为毛竹-香樟-柃木林、毛竹-丝栎栲-杉木林、毛竹-杉木-棕榈林和毛竹-丝栎栲-西南木荷林4个类型。不同类型间乔木层植物部分多样性指数值差异显著、灌木及草本层植物多样性指数值差异不显著,土壤主要肥力指标值差异不显著。(2)因子分析发现地形因子和不同土层土壤有机质因子及C层土壤磷钾因子相关显著,进而影响毛竹林生长及植物多样性发育。乔木、灌木及草本层植物多样性因子和不同土层土壤肥力因子直线相关显著的指标对数量为22.22%、11.11%和33.33%,A、B及C层土壤肥力因子的相应值分别为20.00%。(3)直线相关分析发现土壤主要肥力指标和植物多样性指数值相关显著的指标对数量呈Margalef指数(32.22%)Simpson指数(24.44%)Shannon-Wiener指数(7.78%)Pielou指数(2.22%)、A层(22.50%)B层(18.33%)C层(9.17%)及草本层(22.50%)乔木层(20.83%)灌木层(6.67%)的趋势。(4)土壤肥力和植物多样性指数值的相关性存在无关型(相关不显著)、直线型和曲线型(二次多项式)3种类型,因子分析的相应值为62.96%、22.22%和37.04%,指标分析的相应值为66.94%、16.67%和33.06%。表明毛竹林植物多样性指数和土壤主要肥力指标值的相关显著性具有层次性、指标差异性和多型性特点,曲线型较直线型更能反映二者的相互关系。     

桂南不同植被模式公益林植物多样性与土壤因子的关系

采用样方调查及取样分析方法,研究了桂南地区4种不同植被模式生态公益林植物群落物种多样性及其与土壤因子的关系,运用逐步回归分析法,筛选出对物种多样性指数影响显著的土壤因子,建立最优线性回归方程。结果表明:(1)不同植被模式乔木层、灌木层、草本层的物种多样性指数存在一定差异。乔木层,Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度均以马尾松×红锥混交林最大,物种多样性相对最高,马尾松纯林和马尾松×椆木混交林次之,大叶栎纯林最低;灌木层,各物种多样性指数的变化趋势为马尾松纯林马尾松×红锥混交林大叶栎纯林马尾松×椆木混交林;草本层各多样性指数无显著差异。(2)不同植被模式对土壤理化性状产生了一定影响。综合比较,马尾松×红锥混交林和马尾松×椆木混交林对土壤的改良作用较显著,大叶栎纯林次之,马尾松纯林最差。(3)速效磷、全氮、全磷、全钾、最大持水量、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、自然含水率和容重分别与植物各层物种多样性指数存在极显著(P0.01)的线性关系,它们是拟合各层物种多样性指数方程的关键因素。     

黄河中游(龙门—汾河入黄口)土壤含盐量与湿地植物多样性的相关关系研究

以黄河中游(龙门—汾河入黄口)河漫滩湿地生态系统为研究对象,采用系统取样法设置了13个样地,并对各样地内土壤环境因子进行了调查。同时引用课题组对以上样地内植物的α多样性和功能多样性的测度结果,分析了各个多样性指数和土壤因子之间的相关关系,并用回归分析的方法进行验证。结果表明:(1)黄河中游湿地植物的物种丰富度受到土壤pH值和土壤含盐量的影响,物种均匀度与各土壤因子之间不存在显著相关性;(2)黄河中游湿地植物的功能丰富度和功能离散度受到土壤pH值、土壤含盐量的影响,功能均匀度与各土壤因子之间均不存在显著相关性。     

白洋淀湿地不同生境植物群落功能多样性和功能冗余及其对环境因子的响应

功能多样性和功能冗余与植物群落稳定性和抗干扰能力密切相关,评估植物群落功能多样性、功能冗余以及主要环境驱动因子能够为生物多样性保护和生态系统功能维持提供重要参考。文章针对白洋淀湿地水生植物群落和洲滩草本植物群落,选取比叶面积、叶绿素含量、叶干物质含量、植物氮含量、植物磷含量、植物钾含量6个植物功能性状,利用基于性状概率密度的功能指数评估白洋淀湿地不同生境植物群落功能多样性和功能冗余,利用多元回归检验影响植物群落功能多样性和功能冗余的关键环境因子。结果发现,白洋淀洲滩草本植物群落功能丰富度和功能冗余显著高于(P <0.05)水生植物群落,而功能均匀度和功能分散度显著低于水生植物群落。功能丰富度和功能冗余与物种丰富度显著正相关,功能分散度与物种多样性表现为显著负相关。生境中有效氮含量和磷元素含量是影响白洋淀湿地2种生境植物群落功能多样性和功能冗余的主要环境因子,另外,土壤自然含水量和pH值对洲滩草本植物群落功能特征也有显著影响,与水生植物群落功能特征显著相关的环境因子还包括化学需氧量、水体砷和底泥速效钾。研究结果表明丰富群落物种库、调节和改善生境条件是提高白洋淀湿地植物群落功能多样性...     

毛竹林紫色土壤主要水源涵养指标和地形要素及植物多样性指数的关系

在贵州省赤水河下游研究了毛竹林紫色土壤主要水源涵养指标和地形要素及植物多样性指数的变化规律及相关性。结果表明:1不同类型毛竹林乔木层植物部分结构指标及植物多样性指数值差异显著、灌木层植物部分多样性指数值差异显著,乔木、灌木与草本层植物结构指标值及植物多样性指数值互为消长。2不同类型毛竹林土壤相同土层的主要水源涵养指标值差异不显著,相同类型不同土层的部分水源涵养指标值差异显著。土壤主要水源涵养指标值和海拔高度的正相关及坡度的负相关显著、乔木层植物部分多样性指数的负相关显著、灌木层及草本层植物部分多样性指数的正相关显著。3毛竹林植物多样性指数和土壤主要水源涵养指标的相关性中,仅直线型相关显著的指标对数量占9.92%、仅二次多项式相关显著的指标对数量占21.03%、相关不显著的指标对数量占69.05%,相关显著的指标对数量存在植被层片和土壤层次的分异性以及指标类型的差异性。     

湘中丘陵区3种林分林下植物多样性与土壤特性研究

在湘中丘陵区选取针叶林、针阔混交林和阔叶林为研究对象,研究三种林分林下植被多样性、土壤理化性质及其相关关系。结果表明:三种林分林下植物多样性总体表现为灌木层明显高于草本层,阔叶林、针阔混交林高于针叶林。土壤有机质、全N和全P含量基本表现为随土层加深而下降的规律。土壤含水率与各项多样性指标不相关,土壤容重、p H值与灌草层各多样性指数呈负相关关系,有机质、全N与灌木层均匀度指数呈负相关关系,有机质与草本层均匀度指数呈极显著正相关关系(P0.01),全P、全K与灌木层多样性指数呈显著正相关关系(P0.05)。     

塞罕坝自然保护区物种丰富度对植被景观破碎化的响应及其空间尺度差异

【目的】探讨物种丰富度对各种环境因子的响应并确定是否存在空间尺度差异,以期为物种多样性保护提供帮助。【方法】在塞罕坝自然保护区选取38个天然植被斑块,其中包括12个草地、11个灌木林和15个天然次生林斑块,共记录物种360种,分属196属,54科。根据生长型将植物物种划分为1年生草本、多年生草本、灌木和乔木4个功能群。分别采用一阶刀切法和面积加权平均法计算斑块尺度与样方尺度的功能群物种丰富度。通过广义线性模型(GLM)分析斑块尺度和样方尺度的不同植物功能群的物种丰富度与景观结构、地形、土壤因子间的关系;并用冗余度(RDA)分析法,在2个空间尺度对环境因子进行定量分解。【结果】景观结构、地形、土壤因子可解释功能群物种丰富度格局的60%以上;各植物功能群的物种丰富度对景观破碎化的响应由强到弱依次为乔木、灌木、多年生草本和1年生草本;在斑块尺度,木本植物(灌木和乔木)受景观结构因子(如斑块面积、形状指数、隔离度和斑块类型)的影响较大(P0.05),而在样方尺度则更多受土壤因子(如p H值、有机质含量、全磷含量和全钾含量)的影响较大(P0.05);多年生草本物种丰富度在斑块尺度与斑块面积、斑块类型、p H值和全磷含量显著相关(P0.01),而在样方尺度主要受斑块类型和海拔的影响(P0.05);1年生草本物种丰富度在斑块尺度受斑块类型、全氮含量和全钾含量的影响显著(P0.01),而在样方尺度主要受斑块类型和土壤有机质含量的影响(P0.01)。【结论】植物功能群的物种丰富度对景观破碎化的响应机制存在斑块尺度与样方尺度的差异,物种丰富度的分布是不同空间尺度和环境因子共同作用的结果。物种丰富度在斑块尺度主要受景观结构因子与少量土壤因子的影响;在样方尺度主要受斑块类型与土壤因子的影响。因此,阐明物种丰富度的环境因子响应机制时需先明确特定的功能群和空间尺度。     

钱塘江流域森林群落物种多样性与土壤因子的关系

对钱塘江流域不同林分的4个物种多样性指数和9个土壤指标进行回归分析。结果表明:全磷、速效钾与乔木层各指数有显著负相关关系(P<0.05),有效磷与乔木层Simpson指数有显著负相关关系(P<0.05),水解性氮与草本层Shannon-Wiener指数、Gleason指数有显著正相关关系(P<0.05),速效钾与草本层Gleason指数有显著正相关关系(P<0.05);逐步回归分析表明,土壤全磷、速效钾对钱塘江流域植被物种多样性影响较大。     

Relationships between <Emphasis Type="Italic">Artemisia ordosica</Emphasis> communities and environmental factors following sand-dune stabilization in the Mu Us desert,northwest China

Artemisia ordosica is an excellent sand-fixing shrub for sand stabilization in northwestern China. Sand dune stabilization, a critically important process, leads changes in abiotic factors, such as soil structure and nutrient contents. However, the effects of factors on an A. ordosica community following sand stabilization remain unclear. In this study, we used canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) to examine the relationships between A. ordosica communities and environmental factors at three habitats: semi-fixed dune (SF), fixed dune with low-coverage biological soil crust (F), and fixed dune with high-coverage biological soil crust (FC) in Mu Us desert. The mean height and coverage of plants increased with sand stabilization, while species diversity and richness increased initially and then reduced significantly. Correlation analysis and CCA revealed that slope, soil organic carbon, and nutrient contents, proportion of fine soil particles, soil moisture, and thickness of biological soil crust were all highly correlated with vegetation characteristics. These environmental factors could explain 40.42 % of the vegetation–environment relationships at the three habitats. The distribution of plant species was positively related to soil moisture in the SF dune. Soil moisture, soil nutrient, and fine-particle contents mainly affected plants distribution in the F dune. In the FC dune, distribution of plant species was positively and negatively correlated with the thickness of biological soil crust and soil moisture at a depth 0–20 cm, respectively. The dominance value of typical steppe species increased significantly following sand-dune stabilization and relations between species and samples in CCA ordination bi-plots showed that perennial grasses could invade the A. ordosica community on FC, indicating A. ordosica communities had a tendency to change into typical steppe vegetation with the further fixation. We conclude that the significant differentiation not only occurred in community characteristics, but also in the relationships between vegetation and environmental factors among the three stages of dune fixation. So, restoration of degraded dune ecosystems should be based on habitat conditions and ecological needs.     

鸡西市柳毛石墨矿废弃地植物多样性研究

采用样方调查的方法,从不同环境梯度上土壤物理性质的变化特征和植被的群落学特征等方面对石墨尾矿废弃地植被的恢复情况进行研究.结果表明,土壤性质随着废弃地废弃年限的增加有所改善,且人工种植沙棘对于改善当地土壤的物理性质有较好的作用.对于灌木和草本植物来说,随着废弃地废弃年限的增加.物种多样性指数总体上表现出逐渐增大的趋势;其相似性系数逐渐减小,但在所有两个邻近的环境梯度间,其草本层间的相似性系数都处在较高的水平上.     

Different response to environmental factors and spatial variables of two attributes (cover and diversity) of the understorey layers

We investigated the relationships among the vertical layers of a temperate forest and the power of environmental and spatial factors to explain the variation in two attributes of shrub and herbaceous layers: cover and diversity. In the study site, 102 square plots with sides of 20 m were established in a stratified random design. Among the environmental factors we studied overstorey related factors, soil attributes and topographic related variables. To use the space as an explanatory variable, we applied the Principal Coordinates of Neighbourhood Matrices method. Variation partitioning with regression analyses was used to discover which variables better explained variation in cover and diversity within the shrub and herbaceous layers. The spatial patterns displayed by cover and diversity in the shrub and herbaceous layer were more similar between both layers than within the same layer. Along the same lines, the amount of variance explained by all the environmental (overstorey, soil and topography) and spatial variables together was higher in the models of cover than in those of diversity. The differences in the explained variation were primarily due to the higher spatial fraction in the models of cover. In general, shrub and herbaceous cover was higher on southern slopes with a more diverse overstorey, high values of soil temperature and low values of litter cover. Otherwise, higher values of shrub and herbaceous diversity were found on steep slopes with low values of leaf litter cover. However, while higher values of shrub diversity were found on southern slopes, herbaceous values were more patchily distributed. The differences in the amount of variation explained by the spatial variables in both attributes (cover and diversity) indicate their different spatial arrangement at the scale which we considered. While values of cover were more continuous in space, those of diversity showed a patchy distribution of higher values. The presence of this spatial component could be interpreted as the importance of seed dispersal or unmeasured environmental variables. The results indicate that the lack of management in temperate forests allows species movement in a heterogeneous environment favouring higher values of cover and diversity in the understory layers.     

Plant functional types rather than climate or soil determine leaf traits in the forest biomes of eastern China

Nitrogen (N) has great ecological importance, but the biogeographic pattern across forest biomes in China has only recently been explored. Here we conducted a systematic census of leaf C and N following the same protocol to explore the variations of leaf traits, and their possible responses to plant functional types (PFTs) and environmental factors. Results showed that leaf traits varied substantially across biomes, and the relationships of PFTs to climatic factors were stronger than those of PFTs versus soil nutrient proxies, indicating that plant species composition might be a better predictor of plant species distribution with climate than leaf traits. Soil nutrient proxies explained more variation of leaf traits than climate, which demonstrates that leaf traits reflect important aspects of plant responses to soil nutrients. Importantly, partial general linear models analyses found that PFTs showed the greatest direct influence for leaf traits, and climate and soil affected leaf traits mainly through the change in plant species composition rather than having direct impacts. Hence, we concluded that leaf traits were largely controlled by PFTs rather than climate or soil at the biome scale. The results favored the species composition hypothesis, indicating that leaf nutrient concentration is mainly determined by PFTs.     

黑龙江省东部山区森林植物多样性与环境梯度的相关性研究

为了探讨森林植物多样性与环境梯度的相关关系,本研究在黑龙江省帽儿山国家森林公园调查了23块不同结构的森林群落,每个群落布设的样方面积为400m2。森林植物多样性的计算采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数,环境梯度的量化采用Whittaker的集合环境梯度计算方法,同时,采用相似性测度方法计算了Beta多样性指数。结果表明:Shannon-Wiener多样性指数随环境梯度的增大而增大,并且β多样性指数与环境梯度呈线性增加的趋势。图2表3参12。     

土壤养分对澳洲坚果果实品质的影响

为了探讨土壤养分对澳洲坚果果实品质的影响问题,从而为其科学施肥提供参考依据,连续两年对桂西南澳洲坚果园的土壤养分因子(有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾和p H值)和果实品质指标(脂肪、蛋白质、油酸、棕榈油酸和二十碳烯酸)进行了调查与分析。测定结果表明:澳洲坚果果实中的脂肪和蛋白质主要受土壤全氮、全磷和p H值的影响,油酸主要受土壤有机碳、全氮和全磷的影响,棕榈油酸主要受土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷和全钾的影响,而二十碳烯酸主要受土壤有机碳、全磷和p H值的影响。通径分析结果表明:直接影响果实中的脂肪、蛋白质、油酸、棕榈油酸和二十碳烯酸的因子分别是土壤p H值和全氮、全氮、全钾;果实各品质指标的剩余通径系数均较大,表明除文中分析的各土壤养分因子外,还存在其他的影响因素。文中因此认为,在土壤管理中,应针对目标果实品质指标的需要,适当提高土壤全氮和全钾的含量,合理控制施肥种类。     

谷城红椿天然群落物种多样性与种群分布格局

为研究谷城县天然红椿群落的物种多样性和红椿种群的分布格局,通过野外调查,采用样方法,运用7种多样性指数研究两个样地的乔灌草多样性,并对各多样性数据进行相关性分析;采用相邻格子样方法,运用7种不同分布格局指数,对不同红椿种群的空间格局进行系统研究。结果表明:不同样地灌木和乔木层香农指数差异显著;乔灌草层各样性指数间相关性较高;不同样地种群分别为集群分布和泊松分布。人为干扰造成群落不同样地草灌乔多样性下降,种群分布格局变化;天然红椿种群呈泊松分布,人为干扰下呈聚集分布。     

Abiotic and biotic drivers of species diversity in understory layers of cold temperate coniferous forests in North China

Understory plants are important components of forest ecosystems and play a crucial role in regulating community structures, function realization, and community succession. However, little is known about how abiotic and biotic drivers affect the diversity of understory species in cold temperate coniferous forests in the semiarid climate region of North China. We hypothesized that(1) topographic factors are important environmental factors affecting the distribution and variation of understory strata,and(2) different understory strata respond differently to environmental factors; shrubs may be significantly affected by the overstory stratum, and herbs may be more affected by surface soil conditions. To test these hypotheses, we used the boosted regression tree method to analyze abiotic and biotic environmental factors that influence understory species diversity, using data from 280 subplots across 56 sites in cold temperate coniferous forests of North China.Elevation and slope aspect were the dominant and indirect abiotic drivers affecting understory species diversity, and individual tree size inequality(DBH variation) was the dominant biotic driver of understory species diversity; soil water content was the main edaphic factors affecting herb layers. Elevation, slope aspect, and DBH variation accounted for 36.4, 14.5, and 12.1%, respectively, of shrub stratum diversity. Shrub diversity decreased with elevation within the range of altitude of this study, but increased with DBH variation; shrub diversity was highest on north-oriented slopes. The strongest factor affecting herb stratum species diversity was slope aspect, accounting for 25.9% of the diversity, followed by elevation(15.7%), slope(12.2%), and soil water content(10.3%). The highest herb diversity was found on southeast-oriented slopes and the lowest on northeast-oriented slopes; herb diversity decreased with elevation and soil water content, but increased with slope. The results of the study provide a reference for scientific management and biodiversity protection in cold temperate coniferous forests of North China.     

邓下小流域植物多样性与主要植被类型土壤养分效应

以苏南丘陵区邓下小流域为研究区,针对目前小流域内植被物种多样性状况和水平,选择物种丰富度指数（33、Shannon—Weiner指数（SW）、Simpson指数（SP）和Pielou均匀度指数（J）作为物种多样性的测度指标,分析不同植物群落结构特征。对流域内现有主要植被类型（茶园、杉木林、马尾松林、毛竹林、水田和旱耕地共6种）以0—10cm,10—20cm,20～40cm和40～60cm分层挖土壤剖面,分析各植被类型下土壤养分效应,以期为小流域综合治理与植被恢复中植被模式选择提供理论指导。