用稻谷（糙米）、小麦代替玉米对断奶仔猪增重效果的试验

天门市粮食生产以稻谷、小麦为主 ,养猪业所需的能量饲料玉米主要从外地购进。选择 2 5kg左右的杜·长大断奶仔猪 4 8头 ,随机平均分为 4组 ,采用对比试验 ,以天门产早稻 (糙米 )、小麦作为能量饲料代替日粮中玉米用量 5 0 %～ 10 0 % ,各组添加 4 %预混料 ,试验期 4 0d ,结果4个组平均日增重分别为 6 5 1 0 4、6 5 4 17、6 72 92和 6 31 2 5 g ,料肉比分别为 2 75∶1、2 76∶1、2 76∶1和 2 84∶1,统计分析差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。试验结果表明 :用糙米、小麦作为能量饲料代替玉米饲喂断奶仔猪是可行的     

用稻谷(糙火)、小麦代替玉米对断奶仔猪增重效果的试验

天门市粮食生产以稻谷、小麦为主,养猪业所需的能量饲料玉米主要从外地购进.选择25kg左右的杜*长大断奶仔猪48头,随机平均分为4组,采用对比试验,以天门产早稻(糙米)、小麦作为能量饲料代替日粮中玉米用量50%～100%,各组添加4%预混料,试验期40d,结果4个组平均日增重分别为651.04、654.17、672.92和631.25g,料肉比分别为2.75∶1、2.76∶1、2.76∶1和2.84∶1,统计分析差异不显著(P＞0.05).试验结果表明用糙米、小麦作为能量饲料代替玉米饲喂断奶仔猪是可行的.     

早籼稻糙米代替玉米对60kg肥育猪生长和肉品质影响的研究

选择体重 60 kg左右的“长大”肥育猪 32头 ,随机分为 4个组 ,每组 8头 ,公母比例相同。1、2、3和 4组分别用早籼稻糙米代替玉米 0、5 0 %、75 %和 10 0 % ,进行饲养对比试验。试验期 40天。试验结果 ,1、2、3和 4组平均日增重 ( g)分别为 832、82 8、847、831,各组间差异不显著。结果表明 ,采用相应的浓缩料或预混料的情况下 ,糙米对后期生长肥育猪增重和肉品质无不良影响 ,说明早籼稻糙米代替玉米喂猪是可行的。     

日粮中糙米、小麦代替玉米对60kg育肥猪增重效果的试验

选择60kg左右的杜长大育肥猪48头,随机分为4个组,每组12头,公母比例相同.Ⅰ组用100%的糙米代替玉米,Ⅱ组用50%糙米代替玉米,Ⅲ组用50%小麦代替玉米,Ⅳ组为100%的玉米配合日粮进行对比饲养试验,试验期43d.试验结果,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组平均日增重分别为675.48±84.94、696.17±83.43、621.36±197.05和681.20±148.37g,统计分析各组间差异不显著(P＞0.05).试验结果表明,利用糙米、小麦代替玉米配合日粮饲喂育肥猪是可行的.     

日粮中糙米、小麦代替玉米对中猪增重效果的试验

在日粮中用50％－100％稻谷（糙米），50％小麦替代玉米饲喂中猪，各组添加4％预混料，试验期19d，其结果4组平均日增重分别为756．52，824．56，782．90，739．03g，料肉比分别为3．49：1，3．32：1，3．48：1和3．53：1。试验结果统计分析差异不显著（P＞0．05），证明用糙米，小麦在日粮中代替玉米饲喂中猪是可行的。     

低黏度小麦及戊聚糖酶用于断奶仔猪日粮的效果研究

选择 35日龄断奶仔猪 90头 ,随机分为 3组 ,分别饲喂玉米—豆粕、小麦—豆粕、小麦—豆粕 戊聚糖酶日粮 ,每组 3个重复。各组日粮营养水平相同。检测日粮类型及酶制剂对仔猪 35～ 4 9日龄生产性能、养分消化率、腹泻率及经济效益的影响。结果表明 ,低黏度小麦用于 35日龄断奶仔猪日粮 ,合理配合 ,使仔猪 35～ 4 9日龄日增重、采食量和饲料转化效率分别提高 2 6 2 8%、18 2 9%和9 375 %。腹泻发生率降低 8 2 5 % ,仔猪每增重 1kg饲料投入减少 0 2 9元。小麦日粮中添加 0 0 5 %戊聚糖酶制剂有效降低仔猪腹泻发生率 (6 3 74 % ) ,显著提高日粮Ca的消化率 (9 2 1% ,P <0 .0 5 )。     

鸽饲料配方

1.育雏期的饲料配方:能量饲料占70%～80%,蛋白质饲料占20%～30%。配方1:黄玉米35%、红黍20%、豌豆20%、小麦渣15%、燕麦仁5%、大麻饼5%。配方2:稻谷50%、黄玉米20%、小麦10%、豌豆或绿豆20%。配方3:黄玉米30%、糙米20%、大麦l0%、高粱10%、绿豆15%、豌豆l0%、火麻仁5%。　　2.非育雏期的饲料配方:能量饲料占85%～90%,蛋白质饲料占l0%～15%。按黄玉米35%、小麦25%、大米25%、豌豆l0%、大麻子1%进行配合。3.信鸽训练期的日粮配方:豌豆30%、黄玉米30%、高粱l0%、糙米10%、火麻仁10%、向日葵10%。4.鸽繁殖期的日粮配方:豌豆40%、黄玉米20%、高粱…     

地肤草粉喂猪效果及其对血相的影响

10头 56kg左右的长白×本地杂交猪 ,随机平分为 2组 ,即对照组与试验组。对照组喂玉米 豆粕 鱼粉型基础日粮 ;试验组用地肤草粉代替 1 0 %的基础日粮。结果表明 ,平均日增重对照组与试验组分别为 664 4g和 648 9g ;料重比分别为 3 2 5和 3 37,差异均不显著 (P >0 0 5) ,但试验组每千克增重饲料成本下降 4 36%。血相检测结果表明 ,试验组供试猪血相指标变化在正常生理值范围内。猪日粮中使用 1 0 %的地肤草粉是可行的     

糙米与玉米型饲粮对肉猪饲用价值比较研究

研究了以糙米与玉米分别为主要能量饲料时,2种饲粮对生长育肥猪生产性能、消化代谢、胴体性状及肉品质的影响。结果表明,糙米与玉米型饲粮组生长育肥全期（29kg～90kg）平均日增重分别为715g、703g（P＞0．05）;料重比分别为3．17：1,3．19：1;糙米型饲粮的干物质、有机物质、无氮浸出物、总能的消化率比玉米型饲粮高,其差异达显著水平（P＜0．05）,粗蛋白质、粗脂肪消化率极显著高于玉米型饲粮组（P＜0．01）。糙米型饲粮氮沉积率较玉米型饲粮高22．7％、（P＜0．05）,能量代谢率显著高于玉米饲粮组（P＜0．05）。糙米型饲粮喂猪达上市体重时,其胴体性状及肉品质指标与玉米型饲粮差异不显著（P＞0．05）。     

不同精料水平日粮对南江黄羊断奶羔羊增重的影响

选 3～ 4月龄的南江黄羊断奶羔羊 2 4只 ,随机分为A、B、C三组 ,每组四只公羊 ,四只母羊 ,进行舍饲育肥 60d ,A、B、C三组饲喂不同精料水平的日粮 ,精粗比分别为 4∶6、5∶5和 6∶4。结果表明 :试验期A组、B组、C组只均增重分别为4 81kg、5 85kg、7 96kg ,A组和B、C组间增重差异极显著 (P <0 0 1)。三组羊血样中血清总脂和血糖值差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。