动车组速度传感器检测装置研制

研制一种速度传感器特性参数测试装置,该装置可以对动车组速度传感器AG37D、AG43E特性参数进行检测,根据测试要求,检测速度传感器在不同转速及转向下的输出电压、波形与相位差。研制的测试装置,可以快速、精确、可靠地检测应用于动车组的速度传感器特性参数,根据检测结果即时确认速度传感器是否合格,以便及时更换新的速度传感器,确保实时掌握高速列车运行的速度和位置,充分发挥运输效能,提高列车运行的安全性。     

汽油发动机点火提前角的PXI测试系统

基于PXI总线设计了一个新型的汽油发动机点火提前角测试系统。系统硬件由PXI硬件、传感器、信号调理电路、闪光装置等组成。系统界面由虚拟仪器软件LabVIEW设计,测试结果直观地显示在显示器上。系统能测量独立点火及有分电器的汽油发动机点火提前角和转速,同时显示、存储多缸的测量值。系统在日产Pulsar发动机实验台架上试验,转速测量绝对误差为±5 r/min,相对误差为±0.51%;提前角测量绝对精度为±1°,相对误差为±4.28%。系统在某乘用车公司发动机装配车间的发动机测试中应用。     

车用柴油机颗粒物传感器的CAN智能接口设计

漏电流式颗粒物传感器目前是一种新型检测汽车废气颗粒物含量装置。它首先将颗粒物浓度转化为nA级电流,再通过采集系统将电流转换为电压,通过ADS8364转化为数字量;因为在同样浓度的PM2.5颗粒物,输出电流受温度影响,此传感器中增加了温度检测电路,通过温度对PM2.5的浓度进行调正,调正后的值由CAN接口通过收发器发送到CAN总线,供其它装置使用。传感器使用一段时间后,会受污染影响测量精度,传感器中设计了加热电路,对污染物加热,使其燃烧净化,以保证测量精度。     

基于双GNSS天线及单陀螺的车轮转角测量系统

针对农业机械自动导航中,传统绝对角度传感器连接件多、安装复杂且容易出现故障,而陀螺测量前轮转角虽然安装容易,但陀螺零偏等仪器误差造成测量误差随时间累积的问题,提出了基于双GNSS天线和单轴MEMS陀螺组合测角系统,该系统通过双GNSS天线解算的航向角、速度等信息计算观测量,通过卡尔曼滤波器对陀螺计算的角度进行实时校正,提高了车轮转角的测量精度。实车试验结果表明,该系统具有较好的合理性和准确性,车轮转角测量结果与绝对角度传感器输出结果比较:直线试验误差在0.5°以内,曲线试验误差在1°以内,满足了农业机械自动导航的测角精度要求。     

植物水分无损监测传感器电路的仿真分析

在设计了植物水分监测传感器电路的基础上,用Multisim8软件对基于介质连续变化的电容式无损监测传感器做了分块和整体的仿真分析,仿真表明,用输入电桥电容的微变化模拟植物水分的微变化,电路各部分均能无失真输出,整体电路能够较准确地反映植物水分的变化,传感电容相对于平衡电容的变化量与传感器输出电信号之间成线性相关。仿真过程中,传感器最后输出不大于5 V,各运放在统一5 V电源的供电条件下,无饱和失真现象,总体电路设计合理,基本符合要求,能够满足单独测量或用于监测系统模/数转换的需要。     

悬挂农具作业动力学参数田间实时测试系统

为了满足农业机械研制过程中对多个动力学参数实时测试的需要,在分析其他测试装置及原理的基础上,将三销求和电路及测力销装置与农机通用的三点悬挂机构有机结合,研制出三点悬挂式测力装置。以LabVIEW为开发平台,针对所选传感器的特点,开发出大功率(150 kW以上)农机具动力学参数田间测试系统,实现农机具的位移、动力输出轴转速和扭矩、输出功率、打滑率、水平牵引力以及油耗等参数的实时测试,研制出CTM-5000型悬挂农机具田间综合测试系统,分析了系统误差产生的根源,并找出消除误差的措施。以拖拉机前、后配套农机具为试验对象进行了田间试验,在室内与现有类似测试系统进行了比较验证,试验运行和验证结果表明本系统测量数据可靠,操作方便,体现出其设计的合理性和优越性。     

基于MCSA的离心泵转速测量与试验研究

阐述了传统离心泵转速测量方法及其存在的问题,提出了基于电动机电流信号分析(MCSA)测量离心泵转速的方法,应用信号处理理论,对方法的原理进行了数学推导.应用驱动电动机通电后定子绕组中存在与转子频率相同电流的原理,利用MCSA方法,分析电动机定子电流信号成分,从定子电流频谱中检测出转子频率.根据方法的原理设计了验证试验,试验过程中,变频器产生不同频率的电源为电动机供电,调节离心泵的流量,运用霍尔元件和数据采集卡,采集离心泵驱动电动机在不同流量下的定子电流信号,信号经过解调和快速傅里叶变换(FFT),在限定的转频范围,从电流频谱中得到转频.为了验证方法的准确性,用动静干涉机理测速法和光学测速法进行了对比试验,试验结果表明:与光学测速以及动静干涉机理测速相比,基于MCSA的转速测量方案的误差均在2%以内,满足离心泵状态监测的要求,实现了离心泵转速的无传感器测量,精度较高,适用性强.研究结果具有一定的应用价值.     

微能量采集电路设计及测试

随着5G时代到来,越来越多设备和传感器将接入网络,传统设备和传感器的电池应定期更换。因此,传感器周围从工作环境中收集能量并作为主要能源已成为能源供应的解决方案之一。本文以电磁式能量收集装置为例,设计基于LTC3108芯片电源管理电路,可实现微能量收集后端电能处理功能,实验验证电路可以稳定输出4.3V的电压。     

基于虚拟仪器的籽棉残膜分离装置测试系统

基于虚拟仪器技术并结合各种传感器,设计了籽棉残膜分离装置的测试系统,并将系统采集数据和四通道智能压力风速风量数据采集仪及手持式激光转速计测量的数据进行对比分析。试验结果表明:大、小滚筒转速采集数据的最大相对误差为0.68%,风速采集数据的最大相对误差为8.95%。系统测试精度满足对风速和转速的测量要求。     

一种设定发动机高低转速的控制策略

在拖拉机作业过程中,根据不同的工况,需要不同的发动机转速,以满足动力性与经济性要求。提出了一种可以设定发动机高低转速的控制策略,选择高转速可以获得动力性,选择低转速可以保持经济性。利用MATLAB中的Simulink模块对控制策略进行建模,通过仿真分析与实车测试,验证了控制策略的正确性。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。