以松材线虫为靶标生物防治技术研究

松材线虫病是林业上一种毁灭性病害,在中国仍呈蔓延趋势。松材线虫病生物防治研究的目标可以是媒介昆虫(松墨天牛),也可以是松材线虫。本文综述了以松材线虫为靶标的生物防治技术研究进展。     

松材线虫病及其媒介昆虫松墨天牛的生物防治

指出了松材线虫病也称松树萎蔫病,是一种国际性检疫病害。自20世纪80年代传入南京,该病害传播速度快,我国现疫区包括重庆在内多达17个省市。松材线虫病原为松材线虫,其病原的主要传播媒介为松墨天牛M,针对松墨天牛的生物防治进行了调查研究,整合国内外对松墨天牛生物防治资料,对其提出了生物防治方法,为我国松材线虫病的生物防治提供理论依据。     

基于国内外科技文献分析松材线虫研究现状和方向

为了解松材线虫病防控领域研究现状,本文以Web of Science数据库中SCI-E库和"中国知网"为数据源,收集2003—2019年发表的松材线虫研究相关科技文献,用文献计量学方法从文章发表年份、数量、国家、领域、关键词和基金项目等多角度对国内外松材线虫研究现状进行定量分析。结果表明:目前对松材线虫的研究主要集中在松材线虫病危害严重的国家,研究方向和发展趋势则根据各国实际情况各有侧重;我国近10 a在松材线虫研究领域活跃,但多集中在松材线虫本身、松材线虫与媒介昆虫及松材线虫与寄主之间的关系等方面。未来应以高效实用防控技术和产品为导向,着眼于监测预警、检疫检验、高效防治、抗性选育、生态修复等松材线虫病防控全过程,结合其致病机理,整合科研力量,开展联合科研攻关,力求早日突破松材线虫病防控的技术瓶颈。     

松材线虫入侵对生态系统功能影响的研究现状与展望

综述了生物入侵种松材线虫的国内外研究现状，指出了松材线虫病研究的主要几个方面，进一步指出了松材线虫入侵在生态系统水平上研究的必要性，提出了在生态系统水平上松材线虫防治的研究方向。     

松材线虫病研究进展

概述了松材线虫的生物学特性、行为学、致病机理等方面的研究动态，并介绍了松材线虫病环境影响评价的研究进展，提出了目前对松材线虫病的环境影响经济评价尚属空白，在松材线虫病对环境影响方面缺乏深入的研究。对其致病主要机理仍不清楚，需进一步进行研究。     

放养管氏肿腿蜂防治松褐天牛试验成效分析

松材线虫病的传播,主要是以媒介昆虫松褐天牛携带松材线虫感染健康松木致病.根据有关研究数据证明,松褐天牛携带线虫率达62.5%,携带线虫量为4601～12737条/头,最高达到71740条/头.因此,松材线虫病的除治,其根本要素是对松褐天牛的积极除治,防治松褐天牛即直接影响着松材线虫病的防治效果.     

松树抗松材线虫病机制研究进展

松材线虫病(Pine wilt disease)是由松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus引起的一种世界性森林病害。本文对松树感染松材线虫病后的组织病理学变化、生理生化响应、松树抗松材线虫分子生物学研究和抗病反应对松材线虫定殖影响等进行了总结和分析。     

江西省松材线虫病的风险分析与防控研究

通过对松材线虫病在江西省内发生状况、松材线虫病对江西林业生产和生态环境潜在的危害性、松材线虫寄主植物的分布和经济重要性、松材线虫的传播媒介和扩散的途径、以及松材线虫病风险管理难度的分析,进而对松材线虫病在江西的传播和扩散风险进行评估,并提出江西松材线虫病防控的策略,供江西有关林业部门参考。     

基于TaqMan实时荧光PCR的拟松材线虫分子鉴定技术

拟松材线虫与松材线虫的亲缘关系极为接近,是松材线虫病病原鉴定的主要干扰物种。为了排除松材线虫病病原鉴定过程中拟松材线虫的干扰,采用TaqMan实时荧光PCR技术,以核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(ITS)为模板设计拟松材线虫特异性引物和TaqMan探针,开展拟松材线虫分子检测和鉴定技术研究。结果表明:拟松材线虫ITS2区域存在较多的碱基差异,以此为模板设计的拟松材线虫引物和TaqMan探针组合具有较强的特异性;该组合灵敏性高,能够实现对拟松材线虫单条线虫甚至单个卵的分子检测和鉴定。结合现有的松材线虫分子鉴定技术,可以为进一步构建松材线虫双重检测技术体系奠定基础,为林业和海关检疫提供可靠的技术支撑。     

松材线虫病致病机理的研究进展

该文对松材线虫病的致病机制的研究进行了概述。目前对松材线虫病的病原有两种看法，一种认为松材线虫是惟一病原，另一种认为病原为松材线虫和细菌两种生物。对于松材线虫的致病机理，目前存在3种观点。第1种观点认为松材线虫的酶使松树薄壁细胞的细胞壁和细胞膜遭到破坏，树脂不正常地从树脂道中渗漏并扩散到相邻的管胞中，使水分输导受阻，导致萎蔫。第2种观点认为松树感染了松材线虫后，木质部内挥发性萜烯类物质的含量增加，这些物质进入管胞在管胞中形成空洞，致使水分输导受阻。第3种观点认为松树感染松材线虫后，体内产生有毒物质，这些物质使松树萎蔫。     

重灾区松材线虫病的治理试验

松材线虫病近距离传播是由松褐天牛自然扩散完成的。通过人工清理病死木结合化学防治,在中心疫区保住了1块松林。实践证明,人工清理后通过有效保护措施,能够控制松材线虫病。     

Relationship between the incidence of pine wilt disease and the drainage area

We examined the relationship between the incidence of pine wilt disease and moisture conditions in the stand level ofPinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. forests in the warm-temperate zone of the western part of Japan. For this analysis, pine trees killed by pine wilt disease were distinguished from the suppressed trees by their position in the layer of the pine forest stand. The drainage area, which is small in the upper part and large in the lower part of the slope, was adopted for representing the moisture conditions in the soil of the slope. The percentage of the pine trees killed by pine wilt disease increased as the size of the drainage area increased. This result suggested that the incidence of pine wilt disease tended to be high in areas with moist conditions. Pine trees attacked by the pinewood nematode die from extensive water deficit due to tracheid cavitations. Pine wilt disease mainly emerges in the summer when the soil water conditions become especially severe, and the radical water stress is thought to accelerate the disease. It was assumed that pine trees in the plots with the small drainage area resisted the influence of the attack of the pinewood nematode because pine trees in the plots with the small drainage area encountered long-term water stress and acquired drought tolerance. Pine trees in the plots with the large drainage area were presumed to be well established in the moist conditions and not to have acquired drought tolerance. The drought tolerance of pine trees was thought to be an important factor in resistance to pine wilt disease.     

遥感在松材线虫病早期监测预测上的研究进展

松材线虫病在我国不断扩展蔓延,形势紧迫,其爆发前的早期监测预测已成为当前研究的热点和难点.为了有效发现和控制松材线虫病,将遥感应用于其早期监测预测成为一种快速而且必要的方法.国内外研究进展主要集中在染松材线虫病的病株在光谱曲线上的变化,以及基于"水分含量"指示性因子研究松材线虫病早期遥感监测.结果表明,建设一套完善的、适合中国病虫害发生发展规律的森林病虫害监测预测理论、方法与技术体系是十分必要的.     

Effect of aerial insecticide spraying on pine wilt disease in central Japan

To clarify the effect of aerial insecticide spraying on pine wilt disease, pine wilt disease impacts was surveyed in pine stands and the damage evaluated using a logistic model. Eleven quadrats were established randomly in stands with or without aerial spraying. Aerial spraying alone did not entirely prevent the disease. Average annual mortality was lower in stands with aerial spraying than in stands without aerial spraying. Aerial spraying slowed the progress of pine wilt disease, as measured by the disease progress index. The biomass of live pine trees decreased with increased damage in stands without aerial spraying, whereas biomass was maintained in stands with aerial spraying. However, the relative basal area showed that succession of pine forests to forests dominated by other species was accelerated even in stands with aerial insecticide spraying.     

林内就地火烧病死木防治松材线虫病试验

林内就地火烧病死木防治松材线虫病使病死树砍伐与除害同步进行即现砍现浇。该法操作方便、成本低,效果好,文内具体提出了现砍现浇的操作方法,以避免诱发森林火灾,消除燃烧不彻底的隐患。     

Research Advances in Interplay of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and Other Key Biological Factors Related to Pine Wilt Disease

Pine wilt disease is fatal to pine trees, which has become the most dangerous biological disaster in forest historically (Chai Ximin et al. 2003; Yang Baojun et al. 2003; Zhang Xingyao et al. 2003). The outbreak and epidemic of pine wilt disease relate closely to host trees, insect vector and symbiotic microorganisms, and its pathogenic mechanism is not clear so far (Tominaga et al. 1984; Ishikawa et al. 1986; Shuto et al. 1987; Stamps et al. 1998a; Cheng yuexin et al. 2005; Tan Jiajin et …     

Management of pine wilt disease in Korea through preventative silvicultural control

Pine wilt disease (PWD) represents a major threat to forest ecosystems worldwide. Although PWD is now better understood, effective control measures for this disease have still not been devised. Here, we report several years of field studies on preventative silvicultural control of PWD. Silvicultural control through preventative clear-cutting and the manual removal of logs was implemented between 2005 and 2009 in 16 Korean districts that had newly PWD-infected stands. Preventative clear-cutting of neighboring asymptomatic pine trees (within a 10-50-m radius of wilt trees) and the removal of felled logs or branches suppressed spread of PWD. Occurrences of PWD wilt pines in districts (city or county) subjected to this silvicultural control method were significantly reduced compared with those in districts using conventional controls (physical or chemical treatment of wilt pine trees). Through silvicultural control, PWD was successfully suppressed in 11 of 16 districts investigated. In contrast, successful control was achieved in only 1 among 18 districts subjected to conventional control. Our results will be of considerable interest to those engaged in the very difficult battle against the global spread of PWD.     

气候要素对松材线虫病疫情的影响研究

引入典范对应分析方法,研究了气候要素对松材线虫病疫情的影响。结果表明,不同的气象因子对松材线虫病的影响大小不同,并且在不同的松材线虫病侵染阶段也有差异。年平均风速以及与其相关的年蒸发量和相对湿度是影响定海区松材线虫病发病面积的最主要因素;年平均气温是影响定海区松材线虫病发病密度最主要的因素;冬春季降水过多会导致松材线虫病疫情严重,而6月份降水量越大,松材线虫病疫情越轻;相对湿度也是松材线虫病疫情的一个较重要影响因素,主要表现在3-5月份,与疫情轻重程度呈正相关。     

湖南省松材线虫病的预警及防控措施

该文分析了湖南省松材线虫病的发生背景,介绍了湖南省松材线虫病监测预警的方法和防控措施,并从实际出发对松材线虫病防治提出了建议.