激光诱变选育猴头多糖高产菌株的研究

采用激光照射猴头菌菌丝体,研究了不同照射时间对菌丝生长速度、菌丝生长势及多糖含量的影响。结果表明:激光照射对猴头菌丝体的生长产生了不同程度的作用,其中以照射12min的处理生长效果最明显,与对照组差异显著,促进了菌丝的生长;激光照射12min的处理组菌丝体干重最高为0.358g,激光照射18min处理多糖含量最高,达到了9.12mg/ml。     

桦褐孔菌黄酮含量测定及抗氧化研究

目的建立桦褐孔菌中总黄酮含量测定方法,以评价不同地区的桦褐孔菌质量。方法桦褐孔菌中总黄酮的含量测定采用分光光度法;总黄酮抗氧化活性测定采用羟基自由基(-OH)的方法。结果 S5-吉林长白山桦褐孔菌中的总黄酮含量最高(0.072μg/g),S3-黑龙江牡丹江总黄酮含量最低(0.031μg/g);S5-吉林长白山、S7-俄罗斯西伯利亚、S6-吉林吉林、S4-黑龙江伊春的总黄酮清除羟基自由基的效果均较好,无显著差异。结论不同产地桦褐孔菌在总黄酮含量方面存在着差异,且总黄酮有一定的抗氧化能力。     

桦褐孔菌多糖的制备工艺优化及其活性研究

以桦褐孔菌为研究对象,单因素试验后进行正交试验优化酶法提取桦褐孔菌多糖工艺,对所得多糖进行NO、羟基自由基清除的抗氧化活性以及α-葡萄糖苷酶、α-淀粉酶的降糖活性研究.结果表明,酶法提取多糖工艺中最佳蛋白酶为果胶酶,酶解最佳条件为pH 4、加酶量9500 U/g、酶解时间3 h、提取温度55℃;该酶解多糖的NO、羟基自...     

桦褐孔菌多糖饮料的制备及其活性研究

以桦褐孔菌多糖为研究对象,进行桦褐孔菌多糖饮料的制备并进行感官评价,对所得饮料进行DPPH清除实验、ABTS清除实验的抗氧化活性研究和α-葡萄糖苷酶、α-淀粉酶的降糖活性研究以及乙酰胆碱酯酶、丁酰胆碱酯酶的酶抑制活性研究。结果表明,桦褐孔菌多糖饮料整体感官评价分数较好,该多糖饮料的DPPH清除率、ABTS清除率、α-葡萄糖苷酶、α-淀粉酶以及乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制率在一定范围内均随多糖饮料浓度的增大而活性增强,表现出较好的体外抗氧化能力和降糖水平。     

马铃薯黑痣病菌生物学特性测定

马铃薯黑痣病是土传真菌性病害,在定西市马铃薯种植区均有发生,目前已成为影响马铃薯产量和品质的主要因素之一。本研究对马铃薯黑痣病菌从温度、光照、碳源、氮源以及p H方面进行了生物学特性的测定。结果表明:该病原菌菌丝在无光25℃条件下生长最快,在无光35℃条件下生长最慢;室温条件下培养1 d后用紫外线照射处理2 h,然后室温持续光照培养4 d的菌丝生长速率最大,持续黑暗培养4 d的菌丝生长速率最慢;不同碳氮源对该菌菌丝生长均有影响,碳源为淀粉的培养基上菌丝生长最快、氮源为尿素的培养基上菌丝生长最快;培养基p H中性时菌丝生长速率最大。     

戊唑醇对油菜菌核病菌作用机制的探讨

为探明戊唑醇对油菜菌核病的防治效果及作用机制,采用生物测定方法,研究戊唑醇的室内毒力、油菜菌核病菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)的菌丝干重、菌丝蛋白质含量、菌核萌发、菌核致病力和菌丝体细胞膜电导率。结果表明:戊唑醇对油菜菌核病菌具有极强的抑菌作用,EC50和EC90值分别为1.3μg/mL和11.2μg/mL;用戊唑醇处理后,菌丝体干重差异显著,蛋白质含量、菌核萌发率和致病力均随处理浓度的提高而降低;戊唑醇对菌丝体电导率无影响,但对菌丝体的生长有抑制作用。表明戊唑醇通过抑制菌丝干重、菌核萌发率、蛋白质含量和致病力而控制病害发生。     

椰子茎泻血病菌生物学特性研究

对椰子茎泻血病菌奇异长喙壳菌Ceratocystis paradoxa(Dade)Moreau[=Thie laviopsis paradoxa(De Seynes)V.Hohnel]xie331-4的生物学特性进行了研究。结果表明,马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基(PDA)最适合该菌菌丝生长和产孢;以果糖为碳源最适合菌丝生长,以阿拉伯树胶粉为碳源最适合产孢;以磷酸氢二铵为氮源最适合菌丝生长,以蛋白胨为氮源最适合产孢;2%蛋白胨对孢子萌发有促进作用,2%葡萄糖、2%蔗糖对孢子萌发有抑制作用;25～35℃适合菌丝生长和产孢,25℃最适合孢子萌发,温度低于5℃或高于40℃孢子不能萌发;pH值4～11适合菌丝生长,pH为7产孢量最大,pH值为4孢子萌发率最高;光照对菌丝生长及孢子萌发无显著影响,但有利于产孢;分生孢子致死温度为52℃10min。     

橡胶树褐根病病原菌生物学特性研究

对橡胶树褐根病病原菌Phellinus noxius Corner生物学特性进行研究.结果表明,菌丝生长的最适温度为28℃,最适pH值为6～7,该菌可有效地利用部分碳源和氮源,碳源以D-果糖和酵母浸出液最好,氮源以L-天门冬酰胺最好.光照处理对菌丝的生长有明显影响,黑暗利于菌丝生长,光照和黑光有抑制作用.菌丝的致死温度为55℃,10 min.     

真菌诱导子对龙眼胚性愈伤组织生长和多糖积累的影响

为探讨真菌诱导子对龙眼胚性愈伤组织生长及多糖含量的影响。以龙眼胚性愈伤组织为材料,采用单因素分析法探究了真菌诱导子种类、诱导时间和浓度对龙眼胚性愈伤组织生长和多糖积累的影响。结果表明,不同真菌诱导子处理下龙眼胚性愈伤组织中多糖含量由高到低排序分别为:龙眼拟茎点霉胶孢镰刀菌尖孢镰刀菌;采用100 mg/L浓度的龙眼拟茎点霉诱导子诱导15 d,龙眼胚性愈伤组织多糖含量最高,比对照提高了61.34%,且不同处理间存在显著差异。但真菌诱导子处理下龙眼胚性愈伤组织生长状态较差,且增殖率显著下降。龙眼拟茎点霉作为龙眼病原内生菌,其活性诱导物能促进龙眼胚性愈伤组织中多糖积累,从而一定程度上提高植物的免疫防御能力。研究结果为探究真菌诱导子对龙眼多糖合成和代谢机理的研究奠定基础。     

红菇菌丝体液体培养营养因子的筛选

采用液体培养的方法.研究不同碳源、氮源、无机盐和生长激素单个营养因子对两个红菇菌菌丝生长的影响.结果表明:在室温振荡培养条件下,0443菌株菌丝生长最适宜的碳源为葡萄糖,而0005菌株菌丝生长最适宜的碳源为乳糖;两个菌株对无机氮源(NH4)2SO4的利用率均为最高;不同的无机盐和生长激素对两个菌株菌丝生长的促进作用有一定的差异,ZnSO4和VB1对0443菌株菌丝生长的促进效果最好,而MnCl2和VB2对0005菌株菌丝生长的促进效果最好.     

The expression of general resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans) in potato leaves

Summary Resistance toPhytophthora infestans was evaluated histologically using leaves of potato cultivars with different levels of general resistance. Host genotype did not influence the preinfectional processes of encysted zoospores, e.g. frequency of germination, length of germ tubes, or frequency of formation of appressoria. Most of the appressoria on the leaf surface were attached to epidermal cells, but they were also found on cells of the stomatal complexes, on hairs and glands, and on cells adjacent to vascular tissue. There were significant differences between cultivars in the extension of intercellular hyphal growth and branching 24 and 48 h after inoculation, the differences increasing with time. In contrast to cv. Bintje, the hyphae in the most resistant cultivar Matilda were mostly confined to the epidermal and palisade cells even 48 h after infection, the number of hyphae per section was much lower, and sporulation capacity was reduced.     

利用油料作物秆壳栽培猴头菌的技术

利用油料作物秆壳作猴头菌栽培原料,先后研究了八种配方对猴头菌菌丝生长速度及产量的影响、结果表明:配方1、7的猴头菌产量最高,分别比配方6(常用配方)增产19.8％和3.4％。配方1的猴头菌菌丝生长丰满快14天,提前12天出菇。     

Ultrastructural studies of the inhibition effect against Phytophthora capsici of root exudates collected from two garlic cultivars along with their qualitative analysis

The overreliance on and overuse of fungicides is not only a health hazard but also induces natural resistance in plant pathogens, resulting in an economic burden on agricultural producers and a potential threat to natural systems across the globe. It is therefore necessary to identify natural substitutes of fungicides. This study was designed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the root exudates of two different garlic cultivars, cv. Gailiang (G064) and Cangshan (G025), against Phytophthora capsici, a pepper fungus. All treatments (T1 to T4, i.e., 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% root exudate concentrations) of garlic cultivar G025 showed lower inhibition effects than cultivar G064. An intervarietal inhibition effect comparison at 100% concentration (T4) exhibited a 69.24% decline in hyphal growth for G064 compared with 49.06% for G025. The mycelial growth measured in the control was found to be significantly greater compared with the garlic treatments. The results of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that G064 possessed a large amount of allicin compared with G025. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed that, compared with the controls and hyphae treated with G025, the fungal hyphae treated with G064 exudates were misshaped, fragmented and had a smaller diameter, as well as empty cytoplasmic contents in the cell wall. Thus, the root exudates of the G064 cultivar had a significant fungicidal effect on P. capsici.     

四个香菇品种的对比试验及DUS测试

[目的]针对4个香菇主栽品种进行品比试验,筛选出适宜品种。[方法]通对过韩香1号、釜山1号、香菇VED与L808等4个香菇品种间的对比试验和DUS测试,获取各品种菌丝生长速度和性状特征的差异,并对其产量进行比较。[结果]香菇VED菌丝生长速度最快,釜山1号菌丝生长速度最慢;品种间性状对比DUS测试结果,釜山1号同L8082个品种的母种菌丝生活力差异较大,但其子实体各性状指标均比较接近;前三潮菇产量对比试验,L808品种产量最高。[结论]可为香菇的工厂化生产提供参考依据。     

辐射对蓖麻种子生长及生理指标的影响

通过研究高剂量率（10Gy／min）不同剂量^60Coγ射线辐照（200-1500Gy）对蓖麻种子萌发、生长、田间出苗及相关生理指标的影响,结果发现：辐射剂量对种子最终发芽率影响不明显,但对田间出苗率、胚根长度及幼苗高度存在极显著影响,1000Gy以上剂量时,种子及幼苗的生长明显受到抑制,胚根缩短变粗,幼苗高度明显下降,田间出苗率也急剧下降;随着辐射剂量的增加,MDA含量、SOD活性及POD活性都呈先升后降趋势,在1000Gy时,达到最高峰值。根据田间出苗率进行回归分析,得出高剂量率辐射诱变的半致死剂量和临界剂量分别为1048．83Gy和1134．21Gy。结合种子萌发、幼苗生长及实际出苗情况考虑,初步认为：高剂量率条件下（10Gy／min）,“淄蓖5号”干种子的”Coγ辐射诱变以900Gy左右剂量（大于800Gy,小于1000Gy）较为适宜。     

硅噻菌胺对小麦全蚀病的防病机理研究

为了解硅噻菌胺防治小麦全蚀病的作用机理,通过盆栽试验和显微技术,分析了硅噻菌胺对小麦根系生长及全蚀病病菌的影响。结果表明,硅噻菌胺不仅能够刺激小麦根系更快生长,增加毛细根数量与根鲜重,对小麦病根有明显的补偿作用,还能增强寄主的防卫反应,延迟菌丝侵入,直接破坏病原真菌菌丝细胞壁,使之畸形断裂消解,甚至死亡。     

黑胫病菌(Leptosphaeria biglobosa)在油菜叶片和茎中的侵染过程观察

为明确黑胫病菌(Leptosphaeria biglobosa)在甘蓝型油菜叶片和茎中的侵染及扩展过程,利用绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)标记的黑胫病菌株接菌油菜叶片,利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察菌株在油菜叶片和茎中的侵染过程.结果表明,接种油菜叶片7 h后,分生孢子萌发并长出芽管;17 h后,芽管侵入气孔;24 h后,分生孢子全...     

辽宁花生纹枯病病原鉴定及其生物学研究

本文对辽宁花生纹枯病病原学进行了较为系统的研究。根据病原菌形态学特征及致病性测定,明确辽宁花生纹枯病病原菌为立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)。病原菌生物学特性研究发现该菌最适pH值为7.0;该菌能利用供试的6种碳源和5种氮源进行营养生长,在尿素作为唯一氮源的培养基上菌丝不生长并且不产生菌核,其余碳氮源培养基均产生菌核;该菌在玉米粉和PDA培养基上生长最好;光照对菌丝的生长及菌核的产生影响不大。     

Characteristics of Resistance to Rice Sheath Blight of Zhongda 2, a Transgenic Rice Line as Modified by Gene “RC24”

The transgenic rice, Zhongda 2, which was genetically modified from an indica rice line Zhuxian B by rice chitinase gene (RC24), had high resistance to rice sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solan!) in laboratory and a two-year field experiment. The pathogen could invade sheath of Zhongda 2 and induce symptoms of the disease. No difference was noted in time of penetration or incubation period between Zhongda 2 and non-transgenic rice control, Zhuxian B, but the hyphae lysate could be observed earlier than control. Its resistance expressed as to inhibit the growth of mycelium in host tissue. Fis from Zhongda 2(4) crossed with other five non-transgenic rice lines showed higher resistance than donor non-transgenic parents, but the resistance was different along with the different maternal parents.