优质超级稻新品种楚粳28号的选育及应用

楚粳28号系云南省楚雄州农业科学研究推广所育成的水稻新品种,具有高产、优质、抗病、广适性等特点,2008年通过云南省农作物品种审定委员会审定,2012年被国家农业部确认为超级稻品种。本文总结了其选育过程、特征特性及栽培技术要点。     

超级稻龙粳21特征特性及高产栽培技术

超级稻龙粳21具有产量高、米质优、抗瘟性强、耐寒性强、秆强抗倒、后熟快、适应性广等特点。2007年9月通过国家农业部超级稻专家组验收,7.3 hm2连片种植,实收780.7 m2,产量达到11 791.5 kg/hm2,龙粳21为黑龙江省优质超级稻新品种,2008年通过黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员会审定,并被列为国家农业科技成果转化资金项目。     

高产稳产旱地小麦新品种—云麦76

正云麦76(参加区试代号:易2011-1)是云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所于2002年分别以自育的旱地品种云麦50为母本、云麦39为父本进行杂交,采用系谱法和穿梭选择育种方法,通过多年多点抗旱鉴定筛选选育的高产、稳产、广适旱地小麦新品种,于2015-2017年参加云南省小麦品种区域试验,2017-2018年参加云南省小麦生产试验,于2019年通过云南省品种审定委员会审定(审定编号:滇审小麦2019001号)。1 特征特性该品种属弱     

高海拔耐寒粳稻新品种丽粳11号的选育和应用

丽粳11号是丽江市农科所用系谱法选育而成的一个早熟、耐寒、抗病、高产、稳产的粳稻新品种，适应于海拔2100．2500m的高海拔稻区种植。2007—2010年在云南省高海拔稻区累计示范应用4128．73hm2，平均产量490．51kg／667m2，较对照增产15．1％，2010年通过云南省农作物品种审定委员会审定，2012年5月获得农业部植物新品种权。     

粳稻新品种楚粳24号的选育及其栽培要点

楚粳24号是云南省楚雄州农业科学研究所以合系2号为母本,楚粳14号为父本杂交选育而成的集优质、高产、抗病、广适于一体的粳稻品种。该品种适宜在云南省海拔1500—1850m稻区及省外相似生态环境类型稻区种植,2003年通过云南省农作物品种审定委员会审定,2004年获国家植物新品种权保护。该品种的育成为云南省海拔1500—1850m稻区优质水稻生产战略性调整提供了品种支撑,实现了品质与产量同步提高。     

云南高海拔粳稻新品种凤稻26号选育与应用

凤稻26号系云南省大理州农科所通过风稻11／／／超级稻，／凤稻12／鹤16复合杂交选育而成的高海拔粳稻新品种，具有早熟、耐寒、高产、稳产等特点，一般单产650．0kg／667m2左右，综合性状明显优于凤稻17号等高海拔稻区原主推品种，2012年7月通过云南省农作物品种审定委员会审定，适于在云南省海拔1950～2250m的高海拔稻区推广种植。本文介绍了凤稻26号的特征特性及高产稳产栽培技术。     

高海拔优质粳稻品种丽粳15号的选育及应用

水稻新品种丽粳15号是以滇粳优14号为母本,凤香稻2号为父本进行有性杂交后经集团法选育而成,于2014年通过云南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。在2年区域试验和1年生产试验中,其平均产量分别为530.7kg/667 m~2和628.8 kg/667 m~2,分别比对照凤稻23号增产4.59%和0.38%;米质达到国标优质米3级标准;适宜在云南省1 850~2 250 m的高海拔稻区推广种植。     

高原水稻新品种会粳7号的特征特性及高产栽培技术

会粳7号是云南省会泽县农业技术推广中心以合江20号作母本、合系40作父本选育而成的水稻新品种,2007年通过云南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。2002～2006年在云南省会泽县累计示范种植1315．8hm^2,示范平均产量7661,7kg/hm^2较对照合系35增产19.04％。经农业部农产品质量监督检验测试中心（昆明）检测,稻米品质优良,7项主要指标中,除胶稠度外,其余6项指标均达到部颁一级优质米标准。     

寒地早粳优质新品种龙粳14号及配套栽培技术

龙粳14号于2005年3月通过黑龙江省审定并推广．具有早熟、高产、优质、抗病、耐寒等特点。同年9月通过国家超级稻专家组验收，8hm^2连片种植，采点实测平均产量10750．5kg／hm^2，实收733秆，产量达到10638．0kg／hm^2，为黑龙江省早粳优质超级稻新品种。     

超级稻两优616作烟后稻种植表现及高产栽培技术

超级稻新品种两优616是由中种集团福建农嘉种业股份有限公司、福建省农业科学院水稻研究所育成的两系超级稻新品种,于2012年通过福建省品种审定。总结了2013年两优616在尤溪县溪尾乡示范片作烟后稻的种植表现,介绍其主要特征特性及高产栽培技术。     

云南滇西北高原粳稻区白叶枯病菌致病型鉴定及分布

 用7个高原粳稻白叶枯病菌鉴别品种（毫糯扬、TN1、黄玉、珍珠矮、IR26、南粳33、金南风）对2008年采自云南滇西北高原粳稻区楚雄州、大理州、丽江市的30个白叶枯病样本分离菌株进行致病型鉴定,并分析其分布。结果表明,供试的30个菌株可分为9种致病型,Ⅰ型为优势群,Ⅴ型为毒性群。菌株DL08 19在上述7个鉴别品种上的病情反应模式为RRRRSSS（R为抗, S为感）,有别于曾报道过的所有菌株致病型,故推断它为一个新型菌株。     

云南稻核心种质对土壤无效磷的活化特性及其生态差异

在土壤有效磷含量0.02 mg/kg 和80 mg/kg 条件下对云南5个稻作区和16个地州的548份云南地方稻核心种质和60份改良种进行了无效磷的活化特性及其生态差异研究。滇西北高寒粳稻区和滇东北高原粳稻区稻种无效磷活化能力较强;南部边缘水陆稻区和滇南单双季籼稻区稻种无效磷活化能力强且差异较大,并呈现多样性分布;滇中一季籼粳稻区则相对较弱。从行政区域看,文山、德宏、临沧、丽江和昭通稻种无效磷活化能力较强,西双版纳、怒江、楚雄、玉溪和曲靖次之,而滇中昆明、保山、红河、迪庆和大理最弱。云南地方稻的无效磷活化能力明显高于改良种。     

云南小麦资源创新种质的抗锈性与生态适应性鉴定研究

采用条中 2 8、2 9、30和 31号生理小种和来自云南小麦生产上流行的 12个叶锈菌 ,以人工混合接种鉴定和不同生态试点自然发病鉴定相结合的方法 ,对常规有性杂交、系谱选育成的创新小麦种质进行抗锈性和生态适应性鉴定。结果表明 ,小麦创新种质 YV98- 15、YV98- 16、YV98- 30 0 6和 YV98- 30 17对接种条锈病菌和不同生态试点的自然条锈病菌具有良好的抗病性 ,并有良好的生态适应性 ,可作为广适性和条锈病的抗源亲本利用 ;除德宏田麦和楚雄地麦生态型外 ,YV97- 32、YV98- 16、YV99- 10 19和 YV97- 12 14可用作叶锈病的抗源亲本利用 ;所有参试材料对各生态试点的秆锈病菌具有良好的抗性 ,可用作小麦秆锈病的抗源 ;丽江、昆明田麦生态型的条锈病菌 ,以及玉溪、德宏田麦和楚雄地麦生态型的叶锈病菌可能与接种病菌不同 ,存在新的致病类型或致病基因     

云南高海拔粳稻区白叶枯病菌致病力差异分析

云南高海拔粳稻区白叶枯病危害日益严重,为了探明该区域白叶枯病菌致病力差异,对白叶枯病进行有效防控。利用15个水稻白叶枯病菌鉴别品种,对采集自海拔1800 m以上稻区11个水稻品种上的32份菌株进行致病力研究。结果发现,致病力最强的菌株是楚雄州的CX28-3和CX30-1,致病率为73.33%;最弱的是大理州剑川县的JC12-2,致病率为0。在高海拔粳稻区,菌株的致病力分化与采集地的海拔高度无关,却与地理距离、采集品种的推广面积有关;而菌株的致病型频率与其采集地的海拔、经纬度、采集品种的推广面积的相关性均不显著。鉴别品种毫糯扬(含新基因)、IRBB14(Xa14)、IRBB4(Xa4)和Tetep(Xa2,Xa16)对所有参试菌株表现为高抗或抗。因此,这些品种内所含的抗性基因值得在云南高原粳稻育种和生产中应用,特别是云南地方稻种毫糯扬,更应加强其新抗病基因的定位和克隆,以为品种选育提供新的抗原。     

稳产耐迟栽水稻新品种楚粳31号的选育及应用

楚粳31号系云南省楚雄州农科所育成的常规粳稻新品种,具有产量高,稳产性好,秧龄弹性大、耐迟栽和适宜机插机收等特点。本文总结了其选育过程、主要特征特性和栽培技术要点。     

安徽省水稻品种(系)对稻瘟病和稻曲病的抗性评价

2013年对安徽省103份水稻品种(系)进行稻瘟病和稻曲病田间抗病性鉴定。结果表明,参试材料对稻瘟病表现抗病和中抗的分别有5份和9份,占13.59%;表现中感的有25份,占24.27%;表现感病和高感的分别有33份和31份,占62.14%。对稻曲病表现抗病和中抗的分别有6份和7份,占12.62%;中感的有55份,占53.40%;感病和高感的分别有29份和6份,占33.98%。对两种病害均能达到抗病或中抗的只有3份,分别是G优6号、Y两优1500和协优118。     

Transgene Flow from Glufosinate-Resistant Rice to Improved and Weedy Rice in China

The development of transgenic rice with novel traits in China can increase rice productivity, but transgene flow to improved or weedy rice has become a major concern. We aimed to evaluate the potential maximum frequencies of transgene flow from glufosinate-resistant rice to improved rice cultivars and weedy rice. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete blocks with three replicates. Experiments were conducted between 2009 and 2010 at the Center for Environmental Safety Supervision and Inspection for Genetically Modified Plants, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China. Glufosinate-resistant japonica rice 99-1 was the pollen donor. The pollen recipients were two inbred japonica rice （Chunjiang 016 and Xiushui 09）, two inbred indica rice （Zhongzu 14 and Zhongzao 22）, two indica hybrid rice （Zhongzheyou 1 and Guodao 1）, and one weedy indica rice （Taizhou weedy rice）. The offspring of recipients were planted in the field and sprayed with a commercial dose of glufosinate. Leaf tissues of survivors were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction to detect the presence of the transgene. The frequency of gene flow ranged from 0 to 0.488%. In 2009, the order of gene flow frequency was as follows： weedy rice 〉 Chunjiang 016 〉 Xiushui 09 and Zhongzu 14 〉 Guodao 1, Zhongzheyou 1 and Zhongzao 22. Gene flow frequencies were generally higher in 2009 than in 2010, but did not differ significantly among rice materials. Gene flow frequency was the highest in weedy rice followed by the inbred japonica rice. The risk of gene flow differed significantly between years and year-to-year variance could mask risk differences among pollen recipients. Gene flow was generally lesser in taller pollen recipients than in shorter ones, but plant height only accounted for about 30% of variation in gene flow. When flowering synchrony was maximized, as in this study, low frequencies of gene flow occurred from herbicide-resistant japonica rice to other cultivars and weedy rice. Averaged across years, the risk     

中浙优10号作再生稻超高产栽培技术

中浙优10号是用中浙A与06制7-10配组育成的三系杂交中籼稻组合,具有产量高、米质优、株叶形态好、抗倒能力强等特点,适宜在海拔500m以下生态区域作再生稻种植。本文总结了中浙优10号头季稻和再生稻高产栽培技术,以期为种植户提供参考。     

Agronomic,molecular and antioxidative characterization of red- and purple-pericarp rice (Oryza sativa L.) mutants in Taiwan

Pigmentation of rice grain is controlled by Ra, Rc and Rd genes, and the expressions of these genes differ among red-, purple- and white-pericarp varieties. The present study examined the grain yield and the expression of Ra, Rc and Rd genes in non-waxy white-pericarp rice SA418 and waxy white-pericarp rice SA419 and their respective red-pericarp and purple-pericarp mutants with waxy or non-waxy endosperm. Significant variations in 100-grains weight and grain yield were observed among the tested mutants. The Ra was expressed in purple-pericarp mutants, while the Rc was expressed in red-pericarp mutants. The total phenolics, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins and total proanthocyanidins contents and antioxidant activities in the bran part also differed among the mutants. Non-waxy red-pericarp mutant M-69 had heavier 100-grains weight (2.86 g), contained more total phenolics (49.37 mg g⁻¹ bran dry weight) and produced higher grain yield (6.93 t ha⁻¹) than white-pericarp rices SA418 (2.43 g, 2.89 mg g⁻¹ bran dry weight and 2.80 t ha⁻¹, respectively) and SA419 (2.62 g, 2.20 mg g⁻¹ bran dry weight and 6.73 t ha⁻¹, respectively). Thus, the polished rice grain of M-69 can be used for staple food consumption, and its bran parts are useful for producing health-promoting by-product.     

Effects of field high temperature on grain yield and quality of a subtropical type japonica rice—Pon-Lai rice

Typical japonica type rice is sensitive to high temperature. Pon-Lai rice is a special japonica type with adaptation to the subtropical climate in Taiwan. Facing climate change, rising temperatures would damage the yield and quality of rice production. This research was conducted using Pon-Lai rice in the field of a subtropical climate. We conducted 2 experiments, including a year-round experiment and collection of samples from different districts for building different temperature conditions. We analyzed the correlation between rising temperature and rice yield or quality. In our results, the critical period of temperature effect is 0–15 days after heading (H15). The threshold of high temperature damage in yield and appearance quality was 25–27 °C. Grain weight decreased about 2–6%, while the temperature of H15 was raised 1 °C above the thresholds. Perfect grain ratio and chalky grain ratio decreased and increased, respectively, while the temperature of H15 was raised above the thresholds. However, the high temperature in H15 affected the physicochemical characteristics. In addition, we found positive correlation between grain length to width ratio and perfect grain ratio. Grain length to width ratio could be an index of temperature effects for grain quality. In our study, when the temperature was below 30 °C, a rising temperature of H15 could damage rice yield and appearance quality, and change grain shape. Our results could provide reference for dealing with the warming future in other temperate rice-cultivated countries.