叶绿醇对脂肪细胞分化及糖脂代谢的调节作用

叶绿醇(phytol)是植物叶绿素分子上一个支链。动物摄入的叶绿醇在体内可以代谢产生植烷酸和降植烷酸。叶绿醇及其代谢产物不仅是机体氧化代谢的重要能量来源,而且在糖脂代谢、脂肪细胞分化聚酯调控方面具有特殊的生物学功能,近年研究指出该过程与过氧化物酶体增殖激活物受体(PPAR)和视黄醇受体(RXR)的激活密切相关。因此,本文就叶绿醇在体内的基本代谢过程,叶绿醇及其代谢产物调控糖脂代谢的功能及其信号通路的最新研究进展进行简要综述,为深入研究叶绿醇的分子营养学机制提供参考。     

牧草叶绿素衍生物植烷酸对动物机体的影响

牧草中含有大量的叶绿素,而牧草不同的生长期、收获期、贮藏条件和加工方式都影响着叶绿素的含量。叶绿素在被反刍动物采食后代谢为叶绿醇、降植烷酸和植烷酸,适当浓度的植烷酸可以提高糖类和脂类的代谢,增加脂肪酸氧化饲喂相关基因表达,诱导棕色脂肪细胞分化。植烷酸进入动物机体后对神经系统和免疫系统有积极作用,如减少致畸率等。本文对牧草中叶绿素植烷酸的结构、代谢过程,及其对动物机体的影响和未来发展方向进行了综述。     

Parental dietary arachidonic acid altered serum fatty acid profile,hepatic antioxidant capacity,and lipid metabolism in domestic pigeons (Columba livia)

The aim of this study was to explore the effects of dietary arachidonic acid on serum fatty acid profile, hepatic antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism in pigeon squabs by supplementing arachidonic acid in their parental diets. A completely randomized design was conducted consisting of control group, 0.05% dietary arachidonic acid supplementation group, 0.1% dietary arachidonic acid supplementation group, and 0.2% dietary arachidonic acid supplementation group. Six randomly selected squabs from each group were sampled on Day 21 post-hatch. Results indicated that moderate level (0.05%) of arachidonic acid in parental diets for pigeon squabs improved lipid metabolism via regulation on serum lipid profile and fatty acid composition and tended to reduce hepatic lipid accumulation in the premise of negligible damage to antioxidant status. Unfortunately, excessive parental supplementation of dietary arachidonic acid might be harmful to squab health. The regulatory effects of arachidonic acid were sensitive to the arachidonic acid doses. In conclusion, parental dietary arachidonic acid at 0.05% could be beneficial for squabs to maintain health as reflective aspects in ameliorative serum lipid profile, fatty acid composition, and reduced hepatic lipid accumulation.     

Effects of dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid on fatty acid composition and lipid oxidation in chicken breast meat

We investigated the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on fatty acid composition and lipid oxidation in breast meat of broiler chickens. Broiler chickens (28-day-old females) were fed diets containing experimental oils at 20 g/kg diet for 28 days. The experimental oils consisted of either a 2:0, 1:1, or a 0:2 (wt : wt) ratio of safflower oil (high linoleic acid content) to a commercial CLA mixture. In this study, dietary CLA supplementation significantly increased the composition and content of CLA in chicken meat. The predominant CLA in meat from birds with supplemented diets was the cis -9, trans -11 isomer. The proportion of saturated fatty acid in meat significantly increased with increasing CLA supplementation, with a corresponding decrease in monounsaturated fatty acid. Dietary CLA also reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values in raw meat during storage at 4°C for 5 days. These results provide evidence that CLA feeding is a practical strategy not only for adding nutritional benefits to chicken meat but also for improving meat quality including oxidative stability.     

饲料脂肪源对大菱鲆生长、体组成及血清生化指标的影响

本试验以不同脂肪源配制成等氮等脂的7种饲料,对大菱鲆[(27.31±0.10)g]进行40 d的饲养试验,旨在探讨不同饲料脂肪源对大菱鲆生长、体组成、血清生化指标的影响。7种饲料分别添加6%的鱼油(FO)、大豆油(SO)、菜籽油(RO)、花生油(PO)、猪油(L)、鱼油-豆油(1∶1)(FSO)和鱼油-豆油-猪油(3∶4∶3)的混合油(MIX)。每组饲料设3个重复,每个重复12尾鱼。研究结果表明:(1)鱼油-豆油组特定生长率显著高于其他各组,较鱼油组(基础饲料组)提高了10.42%(P < 0.05),猪油组特定生长率最低,较鱼油组降低了19.79%(P < 0.05)。猪油、混合油、花生油组饲料系数分别较鱼油组提高了36.36%、33.33%、25.25%(P < 0.05),其余各组间无显著差异(P > 0.05);(2)饲料脂肪源对大菱鲆鱼体水分、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量影响不显著(P > 0.05),猪油组粗蛋白质含量显著低于鱼油组、菜籽油组和花生油组,其中较鱼油组降低了4.47%(P < 0.05)。摄食不同脂肪源饲料的大菱鲆空壳、内脏和背肌的脂肪含量差异不显著(P > 0.05),猪油组空壳的水分显著高于菜籽油组和混合油组(P < 0.05);(3)各试验组总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和碱性磷酸酶含量无显著差异(P > 0.05)。猪油组和混合油组的谷丙转氨酶含量显著高于其他各组,较鱼油组分别升高了124.89%和119.94%(P < 0.05),混合油组的谷草转氨酶含量显著高于其他各组,较鱼油组提高了352.51%(P < 0.05),表明猪油组和混合油组鱼体肝脏受到一定程度的损伤。综合以上7种饲料脂肪源对鱼体生长性能、体组成及血清生化指标的影响,鱼油-豆油(1∶1)、豆油和菜籽油可作为大菱鲆饲料合适的脂肪源,而猪油、混合油不适宜作为大菱鲆的饲料脂肪源。     

日粮中不同牛磺酸水平对蛋鸡体内脂类代谢的影响

将504只59周龄海兰褐蛋鸡随机分为7组,每组3个重复,每个重复24只鸡。在各组鸡饲粮中分别添加0%、0.005%、0.01%、0.02%、0.04%、0.08%、0.16%的牛磺酸,研究牛磺酸对蛋鸡血清、肝脏及蛋黄脂类代谢的影响。试验结果表明:1)日粮中添加牛磺酸能够显著降低68周龄蛋鸡血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯含量(P<0.05);显著提高64周龄及68周龄蛋鸡血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量(P<0.05)。2)添加牛磺酸可显著降低68周龄蛋鸡肝脏胆固醇含量(P<0.05)。3)日粮中添加牛磺酸可降低68周龄蛋鸡蛋黄胆固醇含量但差异不显著(P>0.05);显著降低68周龄末产蛋鸡蛋黄中棕榈酸及硬脂酸含量(P<0.05);显著增加蛋黄油酸含量(P<0.05);极显著增加蛋黄亚油酸含量(P<0.01)。说明蛋鸡日粮中添加牛磺酸可以改善蛋黄脂肪组成。4)综合本试验各项结果,以添加0.005%水平牛磺酸调节蛋鸡脂类代谢的效果最佳。     

Effects of (−)‐hydroxycitric acid on lipid droplet accumulation in chicken embryos

This study was conducted to determine the impact of (?)‐hydroxycitric acid ((?)‐HCA) on biochemical indices and lipid metabolism parameters in chicken embryos. Two hundred and forty fertilized eggs were divided into six groups and injected with (?)‐HCA at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 10.0 and 50 mg/kg (n = 40). After 19 days of incubation, serum and liver were collected for analysis of biochemical indices and lipid metabolism parameters. Results showed no significant differences on serum biochemical indices: 1–50 mg/kg (?)‐HCA significantly increased serum glucose and hepatic glycogen contents (P < 0.05). Oil Red O staining analysis showed total area, counts of lipid droplets and hepatic triglyceride content were significantly decreased (P < 0.01), meanwhile hepatic lipase and lipoprotein lipase activity were significantly increased (P < 0.05). ACLY, ME1, SREBP‐1c messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in 0.5–10 mg/kg groups and FAS mRNA level in 1–10 mg/kg groups were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while PPARα mRNA level, serum adiponectin content and AdipoR1 mRNA level were significantly increased in 0.5–50 mg/kg groups (P < 0.05). These results indicated (?)‐HCA treatment inhibited triglyceride synthesis via decreasing lipogenesis‐related factors, mRNA expression level and accelerated lipolysis by enhancing lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activity, which finally reduced lipid droplet accumulation, and this action may be associated with activating the adiponectin signaling pathway.     

Effects of dietary water‐soaked barley on amino acid digestibility,growth performance,pork quality and Longissimus dorsi muscle fatty acid profiles in pigs

Two experiments were conducted to assess the feeding value of water‐soaked barley (WB) as a replacement for dehulled barley (DB) in pigs. In experiment (Exp.) 1, eight barrows (body weight = 30.56 ± 0.78 kg) were fitted with a T‐cannula and allotted to a duplicated 4 × 4 Latin square design: WB10, 100g/kg WB; WB20, 200 g/kg WB; DB10, 100 g/kg DB; and DB20, 200 g/kg DB. In Exp. 2, 80 barrows (body weight = 70.56 ± 1.29 kg) were used in a 56‐day experiment: (i) WB15, 150 g/kg WB; (ii) WBD10, 100 g/kg WB and 50 g/kg DB; (iii) WBD5, 50 g/kg WB and 100 g/kg DB; and (iv) DB15, 150 g/kg DB. In Exp. 1, the apparent ileal digestibilities of total essential amino acids were higher (P < 0.05) in WB10 treatment than DB20. For Exp.2, the WB15 and WBD10 had higher pH and lower cooking loss (P < 0.05) than other two treatments. The WB15 treatment decreased (P < 0.05) the contents of palmitic acid (C16:0) in Longissimus dorsi muscle than WBD5 and DB15 treatments. In conclusion, it is suggested that water‐soaked barley improved some amino acid digestibility and the cooking loss and moderate fatty acid profiles in Longissimus dorsi muscle.     

Effect of dietary Rhodobacter capsulatus on lipid fractions and egg-yolk fatty acid composition in laying hens

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary Rhodobacter capsulatus on lipid fractions and egg‐yolk fatty acid composition in laying hens. Thirty‐six laying hens (30 weeks old) were randomly assigned into two dietary groups fed diets with (0.04%) or without (control) R. capsulatus for a 60‐day feeding trial. Dietary R. capsulatus decreased (p < 0.05) serum and hepatic cholesterol and increased (p < 0.05) the excreta cholesterol, and resultant lower (p < 0.05) cholesterol contents in egg yolk. The concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and ratio to saturated fatty acids in egg yolk was improved (p < 0.05) by dietary R. capsulatus. The concentration of hepatic bile acid was increased (p < 0.05) and excreta bile acid was decreased (p < 0.01) in the laying hens fed R. capsulatus diet. The incorporation of 1‐¹⁴C‐palmitic acid into hepatic lipids and lipid fractions was increased (p < 0.05) in laying hens fed R. capsulatus diet. Moreover, dietary R. capsulatus did not appear to cause any adverse effects on laying hen performances. Therefore, dietary supplementation of R. capsulatus in layer diets may be a feasible means of producing eggs with lower cholesterol and higher PUFA contents for health conscious consumers.     

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and harvesting stage on photosynthetic pigments and phytol contents of Italian ryegrass silage

This study aimed to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application and harvesting stage on the contents of chlorophyll, phytol and carotenoids (β‐carotene and lutein) in Italian ryegrass herbage before and after ensiling, and the extent of phytol preservation after ensiling. Three rates of N fertilizer (0, 60 and 120 kg N/ha) were applied by top‐dressing as an additional fertilizer. The herbage harvested at booting stage (27 weeks of age) or heading stage (29 weeks of age) were wilted for 1 day, then ensiled for 60 days using a small‐scale pouch system. In the pre‐ensiled herbages, increasing N fertilizer application increased the contents of crude protein and photosynthetic pigments, and these contents were also higher at the booting stage compared with the heading stage. In the silage, increasing N fertilizer application also increased the contents of crude protein, the photosynthetic pigments and their derivatives (pheophytin and pheophorbide), while harvesting stage did not affect the contents of β‐carotene, chlorophylls or pheophorbide. Nitrogen fertilizer application and early harvesting of herbage increased lutein and phytol contents in Italian ryegrass silage. Lutein and phytol in Italian ryegrass herbage are indicated to be well preserved during ensiling.     

Effect of varying fermentation conditions with ensiling period and inoculum on photosynthetic pigments and phytol content in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silage

This study aimed to investigate the effect of an ensiling period (Experiment 1) and adding lactic acid bacteria (LAB, Experiment 2) on the changes in carotenoid, chlorophyll, and phytol in ensiled Italian ryegrass (IR, Lolium multiflorum Lam.). In Experiment 1, the IR herbage ensiled into plastic bags was analyzed for the contents of photosynthetic pigments and phytol over a 5‐week period. During the ensiling process, the β‐carotene content decreased (p < .05), whereas the lutein content did not change. Although the chlorophyll content decreased (p < .05) after ensiling, the phytol content barely changed until week 5. In Experiment 2, IR herbage was ensiled without additive, as a Control, or with LAB for 60 days. The pH was lower (p < .05) and lactic acid content was higher (p < .05) for the LAB silage than for the Control. The chlorophyll content in silage was not affected by the LAB; however, the β‐carotene content was higher (p < .05) for the LAB silage than for the Control. Phytol and lutein contents in the herbage did not change after ensiling. These results indicate that phytol and lutein in IR herbage can be preserved well in silage, irrespective of their fermentation condition.     

不同配比油脂对肉鸡脂类代谢的影响

以肉鸡为动物模型,探讨了日粮中添加不同配比油脂后对其脂肪代谢的影响。648只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复18只鸡,试验期为42 d。CON组为对照组(饲喂基础日粮),SO组为正对照组(日粮中添加豆油),LO组为负对照组(日粮中添加猪油),COP、COC、COV组分别在日粮中添加以棕榈油为主的配比油脂、以椰子油为主的配比油脂、多种植物油配比的油脂。结果表明:42 d,各组腹脂重、皮下脂肪厚度与肌间脂肪厚度、胸肌含脂率、腿肌含脂率均无显著性差异(P>0.05);SO、COP组总甘油三酯含量低于COV组(P<0.05);COP组血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量低于LO组(P<0.01)与CON组(P<0.05);COP组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量的比值高于LO、COC、COV组(P<0.01),SO组显著提高(P<0.05);SO组肉鸡血清中总脂酶活性高于CON组(P<0.05),肝脏中COP、COC、COV组脂蛋白脂酶、肝脂酶与总脂酶活性都显著提高(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论:配比油脂组与豆油组在不影响脂肪沉积的情况下,改善了肉仔鸡的体脂分布,且对脂质代谢具有很好的调节作用,其中豆油组与以棕榈油为主的配比油脂组效果较好。     

脱氢表雄酮对阉公猪脂类代谢的影响

以阉公猪为试验对象,探讨日粮中添加脱氢表雄酮（DHEA）对阉公猪脂类代谢和脂肪沉积的影响。将45头体质量40kg左右的杜×（长×大）三元杂交阉公猪随机分成3组,即对照组（基础日粮）、试验Ⅰ组（基础日粮＋25mg/kg DHEA）和试验Ⅱ组（基础日粮＋75mg/kg DHEA）,饲喂105d后,从每组选出体质量相近的6头猪屠宰,记录内脏器官和脂肪组织质量,同时采集血液和组织样品。结果显示：不同质量浓度（25,75mg/kg）的DHEA处理对阉公猪的采食量、日增质量及料重比无显著影响（P〉0.05）;但显著降低了阉公猪背膘厚（P〈0.05）、肾周脂肪指数（P〈0.05）及肠系膜脂肪指数（P〈0.05）,而对肌内脂肪含量无显著影响;同时还可显著降低血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、非酯化脂肪酸浓度（P〈0.05）,而对血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）及血糖含量影响不显著（P〉0.05）,并发现75mg/kg DHEA处理可显著增加血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）含量（P〈0.05）;还能显著增加血清DHEA浓度,但对血清DHEA-S和胰高血糖素浓度没有显著影响,且75mg/kg DHEA处理还能够显著降低血清皮质醇浓度（P〈0.05）和血清胰岛素浓度（P〈0.05）。提示：日粮添加DHEA可调控阉公猪的脂类代谢,降低脂肪沉积。     

日粮精粗比对奶牛瘤胃挥发酸模式及血液糖脂代谢相关指标的影响

研究以24头荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,随机分成2组,设计不同精粗比日粮(60∶40,40∶60),研究其对奶牛瘤胃挥发酸模式及血液糖脂代谢相关指标的影响。结果表明:高精粗比(60∶40)日粮下,瘤胃pH降低4.3%(P <0.05),丙酸浓度提高16.9%(P <0.05);乙酸浓度下降,总挥发酸浓度提高,但差异均不显著(P> 0.05);乙酸/丙酸比例降低20.5%(P <0.05)。随着日粮精粗比提高,奶牛血液葡萄糖浓度提高21.1%(P <0.05),血液非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)浓度降低13.9%(P <0.05)。随着日粮精粗比提高,奶牛血液甘油三酯下降,胰岛素含量增加,但均未呈现显著性差异(P> 0.05)。     

Effects of ear corn silage supplementation on milk production and milk fatty acid profiles in grazing dairy farms

This study investigated the effects of substituting ear corn silage (ECS) for commercial formula feed on milk production and milk fatty acid profiles in grazing dairy farms during the summer season. A field survey was conducted on five grazing dairy farms in every summer month of 2017, 2018, and 2019. Three of the five farms substituted fresh ECS for the commercial formula feed at a ratio of 2:1 from July of each year (ECS farms). Other farms maintained the same feeding management as before (non‐ECS farms). An interview survey was conducted on each farm to calculate feed intake and milk yield per cow. Feed and milk samples were collected in each survey. Milk compositions and milk fatty acid profiles were determined. The substitution of ECS for the commercial formula feed did not affect milk yield or milk composition, but ECS farms maintained low levels of milk urea compared with non‐ECS farms (p < .01). The ECS substitution also influenced some of the milk fatty acid proportions; C16:0 and C16:1 increased, and trans‐11 C18:1, cis‐9,trans‐11 C18:2, and the sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased, while these fatty acid proportions were maintained in non‐ECS farms throughout the summer season (p < .05).     

微粒蒙脱石对猪组织铅水平、红细胞生成和肝脏ALA-D酶活性及铅诱导的脂质过氧化的影响

选60头体质量约33kg的“杜长大”杂交猪，随机分成2组，每组3个重复，一组饲以基础日粮＋10mg/kg铅＋0.5％微粒蒙脱石，另一组饲以基础日粮＋10mg／kg铅作为对照。研究结果表明：添加微粒蒙脱石组与对照组相比，明显降低了猪全血、脑、肝、肾、骨和毛等组织中铅含量：通过血细胞计数、血红素和血球容积测定表明，添加微粒蒙脱石组的红细胞生成显著增高，且肝脏中ALA—D酶活性显著提高。铅对肝脏的损伤作用明显。表现为丙二醛（MDA）含量显著升高（17．08％），过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）含量分别降低85．73％、52．17％、47．56％，而在日粮中添加微粒蒙脱石可以显著改善铅诱导的上述损伤。结果提示，微粒蒙脱石对铅中毒有潜在的治疗作用。     

肌醇对鲫鱼组织脂肪、蛋白质氧化及抗氧化状态的影响

文章旨在探讨肌醇对鲫鱼组织器官脂肪、蛋白质氧化及抗氧化状态的影响。试验选择初始体重为(23.2±0.10)g的鲫鱼1680条,随机分为7组,每组4个重复,每个重复60条,试验共进行9周。对照组为基础日粮(肌醇含量为150mg/kg,计算值),处理1~6组分别在基础日粮中添加100mg/kg肌醇,使各处理组肌醇含量分别为250、350、450、550、650和750mg/kg。对照组肌肉丙二醛含量最高(P<0.05),且随日粮肌醇添加水平的升高而降低,其中550mg/kg肌醇组肌肉丙二醛含量最低(P<0.05)。肌醇组较对照组显著提高了肌肉抗羟自由基水平(P<0.05)。随着日粮肌醇水平升高至350mg/kg,肌肉超氧化物歧化酶活力和谷胱甘肽含量显著升高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,肌醇组均显著提高了肌肉过氧化物酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶活力(P<0.05)。随着日粮肌醇水平升高至450mg/kg,小肠丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05),小肠过氧化物酶活力显著升高(P<0.05)。对照组肝脏MDA含量最高(P<0.05),之后随着肌醇水平升高至650mg/kg时显著降低(P<0.05)。随着日粮肌醇水平升高至350mg/kg,肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力显著升高(P<0.05),而对照组谷胱甘肽含量最低(P<0.05),450和550mg/kg肌醇组最高(P<0.05)。结论:鲫鱼日粮添加肌醇可以通过增强自由基清除能力,提高抗氧化酶活力,有效预防肌肉、小肠、肝脏的脂质过氧化和蛋白氧化。     

日粮中添加具有不同脂肪酸特征的油籽对育肥绵羊脂肪组织中脂肪酸组成的影响

文章旨在探讨日粮中添加具有不同脂肪酸特征的油籽对育肥绵羊脂肪组织中脂肪酸组成的影响,为研究通过日粮调控手段提高绵羊肉中功能性脂肪酸的含量,改善羊肉品质提供理论依据。试验采用单因子完全随机组区设计,选用40只体重为(33.73±3.65)kg、生理状态相似的杂交公羊(小尾寒羊×蒙古羊)随机分为4个组,每组10只。其中对照组采用基础日粮(不含油籽),以豆粕和棉粕代替油籽,试验组分别饲喂含10%油菜籽、10%葵花籽、10%胡麻籽的日粮。预饲期10 d,正试期35 d。试验结果表明:日粮中添加油菜籽、葵花籽和胡麻籽后,葵花籽组和胡麻籽组显著提高了育肥羊脂肪组织中多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量(P<0.05),油菜籽组相比于对照组有一定的增加,但差异不显著(P>0.05),不饱和脂肪酸(USFA)含量油菜籽组和葵花籽组极显著高于对照组和胡麻籽组(P<0.01),而试验组饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量均有不同程度的降低,存在差异极显著(P<0.01)的情况。n-6多不饱和脂肪酸/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(n-6/n-3)为胡麻籽组(4.49)<油菜籽组(8.77)<对照组(13.92)<葵花籽组(17.40),组间差异极显著(P<0.01),胡麻籽组对于改善n-6/n-3效果最好。在本试验条件下,日粮中添加油菜籽和葵花籽可以极显著提高脂肪组织中不饱和脂肪酸的含量,胡麻籽对于改善PUFA及n-3脂肪酸的含量效果最好。     

Effects of breed and different lipid dietary supplements on beef quality

Focus of this study was to evaluate the most suitable breed/crossbred and the appropriate nutritional strategies to increase marbling in beef muscle and to improve its healthy properties, in particular the n‐3 fatty acids content. One hundred and seventy‐six heifers of three crossbreed commonly reared by Emilia‐Romagna farmers: 48 Bleu Belge × Freisian (ITA), 48 Charolais × Aubrac (FRA), and 80 Angus (ANG) were used. Animals of each breed were randomly subdivided in two experimental groups that received two diets, differing for the dietary lipid source. Control group (C) received a basal diet containing protected vegetable fats, whereas treated one (T) received the same basal diet supplemented with 0.9 kg/head/day of extruded flaxseed. After slaughtering, a sample of Longissimus thoracis was collected from each animal for meat quality analysis. Our results demonstrated that, in a shorter fattening period, ANG animals obtained the best dry matter intake, average daily gain and the best fattening scores. ITA and ANG meat presented the highest marbling scores. ANG breed had the highest amount of C18:1, the highest unsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio and the lowest n‐6/n‐3 ratio. The T animals, independently from breed, showed the highest amount of α‐linolenic acid (ALA). In addition, ANG‐T meat presented the highest ALA content.     

日粮中添加整粒油籽对绵羊体脂脂肪酸组成的影响

日粮中分别添加相当于40 g粗脂肪的油菜籽(canola)、油葵籽、红花籽和亚麻籽,饲喂成年母羊35 d后屠宰,用气相色谱技术测定了背最长肌、尾部、背膘和肾脏4个部位脂肪的脂肪酸(FA)组成,结果表明:1)红花籽可显著降低肌肉中的短链、长链饱和脂肪酸及总饱和脂肪酸(SFA)的比例,而增加单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和总不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)的比例,而添加油菜籽对肌肉的FA无显著影响;2)油葵显著降低了尾部短链和中链脂肪酸,提高了多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)与SFA的比值(P:S),油菜籽可显著降低尾部短链脂肪酸;3)添加亚麻籽有增加所有组织UFA和P:S值,降低SFA的趋势,但只有背膘脂肪中的PUFA显著增高;4)各类油籽对脂肪组织中的总SFA和MUFA无明显影响,其中肾脏脂肪受影响最小.